BACKGROUNDGender is one of the risk factors accounting for the high prevalence of adolescent myopia. Considerable research results have shown that myopia incidence of female is higher than that of male. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between ocular parameters and serum estrogen level and to investigate the vision changes along with estrogen change in menstrual cycle of adolescent females.

METHODSA total of 120 young females aged between 15 and 16 years, diagnosed with myopia were recruited. Spherical lens, cylindrical lens, axis, interpupillary distance (IPD), and vision in each tested eye of the same subject were measured by automatic optometry and comprehensive optometry, with repetition of all measurements in the menstrual cycle of the 2 nd or 3 rd days, 14 th days, and 28 th days, respectively. Serum estradiol (E 2 ) levels were assayed by chemiluminescence immunoassay at the same three times points of the menstrual cycle mentioned above.

RESULTSIn young females with myopia, the spherical lens showed a statistically significant difference among all different time in menstrual cycle (all P < 0.0001). The cylindrical lens, axis, and IPD were changed significantly during the menstrual cycle (P < 0.05). The vision of the three different time points in menstrual cycle had a significant difference (χ2 = 6.35, P = 0.042). The vision during the 14 th and 28 th day was higher compared to that on the 2 nd or 3 rd days (P = 0.021). Serum E 2 levels were significantly different at different time points in menstrual cycle (P < 0.05). E 2 levels reached its maximum value on the 14 th day and the minimum value on the 2 nd or 3 rd day.

CONCLUSIONSIn adolescent females, the spherical lens and other related ocular parameters vary sensitively with different levels of E 2 in menstrual cycle. Vision in late menstrual stage is significantly higher than that in premenstrual stage.

Adolescent ; Estradiol ; blood ; Estrogens ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Menstrual Cycle ; blood ; Myopia ; blood ; Progesterone ; blood

PURPOSE: We studied the association between systemic risk factors and idiopathic macular hole. In addition, we analyzed the mechanism by which systemic risk factors affect the development and progression of macular hole. METHODS: Seventy patients with idiopathic macular holes were compared with 30 sex- and age- matched controls. The vascular viscosity profiles, and coagulation, biochemical and hormone factors were evaluated as systemic risk factors. RESULTS: The levels of fibrinogen and blood estrogen were significantly higher in the idiopathic macular hole group than in the control group. Also the fibrinogen level increased with the progression of macular hole. But there was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to the remaining factors. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the possibility that fibroproliferative factors from platelet increase in patients with idiopathic macular hole, and that fibrinogen is the parameter that increases among the fibroproliferative factors. This study also suggests that blood estrogen is important in the development of macular hole.
Blood Platelets ; Estrogens ; Fibrinogen ; Humans ; Retinal Perforations* ; Risk Factors* ; Viscosity

OBJECTIVETo observe the changes of sex hormones and sexual function in male patients with Graves' disease (GD) after Radioiodine-131 (I-131) therapy.

METHODSThirty-four male GD patients, aged 21 -40 (32.3 +/- 6.7) years, were treated with I-131 at the dose of 111 - 407 (237.8 +/- 51.8) MBq. The levels of serum sex hormones were measured, and the patients'scores on erectile function (IIEF-5) were obtained before and 3 and 6 months after the treatment. Another 20 healthy men aged 25 - 37 (31 +/- 3.1) years were enlisted as controls.

RESULTSThe baseline levels of estrogen (E2), testosterone (T) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were (132.5 +/- 40.4) pmol/L, (21.6 +/- 4.6) nmol/L and (10.1 +/- 4.4) IU/L in the GD patients, significantly higher than (80.4 +/- 31.2) pmol/L, (14.5 +/- 4.2) nmol/L and (6.2 +/- 1.9) IU/L in the healthy controls (P < 0.05). The E2, T and LH levels showed a significant decrease in the GD patients after 3 months of treatment ([110.2 +/- 20.6] pmol/L, [17.7 +/- 5.5] nmol/L and (9.4 +/- 3.9) IU/L, P < 0.05), but exhibited no statistically significant differences from the healthy controls at 6 months ([82.6 +/- 30.1] pmol/L, [13.8 +/- 3.4 ] nmol/L and [6.6 +/- 1.5] IU/L, P > 0.05). The IIEF-5 score of the GD patients was 5 - 25 (15.5 +/- 3.5) before I-131 treatment, significantly lower than that of the controls (19 - 25, 24 +/- 0.5) (P < 0.05), and it was 8 - 25 (19.5 +/- 1.0) at 3 months and 10 - 25 (23.5 +/- 1.5) at 6 months, significantly higher in the latter than in the former (P < 0.05), and with no significant difference between the 6-month treated patients and the healthy controls (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe E2, T and LH levels are increased while the IIEF-5 score decreased markedly in male GD patients. Six-month treatment with I-131 can not only restore the E2, T and LH levels to normal but also significantly improve the patient's sexual function.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Estrogens ; blood ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; blood ; Graves Disease ; blood ; therapy ; Humans ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; therapeutic use ; Luteinizing Hormone ; blood ; Male ; Testosterone ; blood ; Young Adult

Adenoma ; blood ; pathology ; Adult ; Estrogens ; blood ; Female ; Human Growth Hormone ; blood ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Pituitary Neoplasms ; blood ; pathology ; Prolactin ; blood ; Remission, Spontaneous

OBJECTIVE: To explore the incidence of postpartal depression in the south and north and to comprehensively analyze the changes of sex hormone and neurotransmitter,and their relationship with postpartum depression. METHODS: All published articles on case-control studies on the changes of sex hormone and neurotransmitter,and their relationship with postpartum depression were collected by literature retrieval based on the selection criteria. Meta-analysis was applied to evaluate the data in published papers from 1994 to 2004 in China. RESULTS: The incidence of postpartal depression in the south was 15.63%. The combined P-valve was 0.0874, and 95% CI was 0.14 to 0.17. The incidence of postpartum depression in the north was 7.66%. The combined P-valve was 0.0252, and 95% CI was 0.05 to 0.08. There was significant difference between the incidence of postpartum depression in the south and north (P<0.01). Estrogen and 5-HT in the plasma of the 1st week after childbirth was obviously lower than the controls. Estrogen in the plasma of the 1st week after childbirth and the 6th week after childbirth decreased more quickly than the controls. Progesterone and orphanin FQ in the plasma of the 1st week after childbirth were higher than the controls. CONCLUSION The incidence of postpartum depression in the south is higher than that of the north. Postpartum depression is related to the decrease in the plasma estrogen, 5-HT, dopamine, and noradrenaline, and to the increase in the plasma progesterone and Orphanin FQ.
Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; epidemiology ; Depression, Postpartum ; blood ; epidemiology ; Estrogens ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; blood ; Progesterone ; blood ; Serotonin ; blood

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of ultrasound stimulation at the acupoint Guanyuan (CV 4) on follicular development in menopausal rats.

METHODSMenopausal female SD rats were selected by vaginal smear examinations. The rats were subjected to ultrasound stimulation at the acupoint Guanyuan with the output power of 0.1 W, working frequency of 9 MHz, and focal length of 4.5-5 mm. Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay was used to detect the serum estrogen levels of the menopausal rats. The changes in the ovarian tissue histology and the follicle number were observed.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, a 10-day ultrasound stimulation for 10 and 5 min daily at Guanyuan significantly increased the serum estrogen levels and the numbers of primary and secondary follicles (P<0.05) and reduced the number of atretic follicles in the menopausal rats (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONUltrasound stimulation at the acupoint Guanyuan can increase the estrogen secretion function and promote the development of follicles in menopausal rats.

Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Estrogens ; blood ; Female ; Menopause ; Ovarian Follicle ; growth & development ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sonication

OBJECTIVETo explore the influences of orthodontic tooth movement on estrous cycle and estrogen in female rats.

METHODSTwo hundred female rats were divided into control group, one-time activation group, four-time activation group and sham-operated group. Each group was divided again into 4 sub-groups according to the different stage of the estrous cycle. The force-loading groups received repeated intermittent force. Serum estrogen was measured and the change of estrous cycle was recorded.

RESULTSThere were significant variations in the estrogen level among the groups which received mechanical force during the same stage of the estrous cycle (P < 0.01) and among the subgroups within each group (P < 0.05). These experimental treatments affected the estrous cycle of the rats in the groups received force in metestrus and diestrus.

CONCLUSIONSEstrus of rats was the appropriate time for the orthodontic force.

Animals ; Estrogens ; blood ; Estrous Cycle ; physiology ; Female ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tooth Movement Techniques

To study the effects of estrogen on the contents of dopamine (DA) and its metabolites in the amygdala (Amy) and striatum (Str) of rats, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to measure the contents of DA and its metabolites in untreated ovariectomized (OVX) rats and OVX rats treated with estrogen. The contents of DA and its metabolites in Amy but not Str were significantly higher when the OVX rats were treated with a high dose of estradiol benzoate (EB). The turnover rate of DA in Amy of the OVX rats was lower than that of normal and EB-treated OVX rats. The turnover rate of DA in Amy was about twice as high as in the Str, while the content of DA in Amy was only one-sixth of that in the Str. The results obtained imply that serum concentration of estrogen is one of the important factors which affect the DA metabolism and content in the Amy of female rats, while the Str is not influenced by estrogen.
Amygdala ; metabolism ; Animals ; Corpus Striatum ; metabolism ; Dopamine ; metabolism ; Estrogens ; blood ; physiology ; Female ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of low dose estrogen menopausal hormone therapy on cardiovascular system METHODS: This study categorized 95 postmenopausal women between March 2004 and August 2004. Thirty patients of estrogen therapy group, fifteen patients of estrogen-progestin therapy group, fifteen patients of low-dose estrogen therapy group, and fifteen patients of low-dose estrogen-progestin therapy group were divided. Remaining 20 patients served as control group which did not receive the hormone treatment. The blood pressure, pulse rate, lipid profile, and NO metabolites and antioxidant activity of plasma and urine were measured. RESULTS: Diastolic blood pressure was lower in hormone treatment group than control group's. Although it was not significant, the total cholestrol and LDL-cholestrol in the plasma of treatment group were lower than those of the control group while HDL-cholestrol were higher. Triglyceride in the plasma of treatment group was higher. Changes of blood pressure, pulse rate and lipid profile in low-dose group were similar to those of conventional standard dose. The plasma concentration of NO metabolites in treatment group was higher. Also, the plasma concentration of NO metabolites in low-dose group was similar to that of conventional dose. CONCLUSION: A low-dose hormone therapy was expected to bring about the improvement of endothelial cell dependent vascular reactivity like conventional dose, resulting in the reduction of diastolic blood pressure, the improvement of lipid profile, and an increase in plasma concentration of the NO metabolites. A low-dose hormone therapy may thus presumably provide beneficial effects on cardiovascular system.
Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular System ; Endothelial Cells ; Estrogens* ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Nitric Oxide* ; Plasma ; Triglycerides

Angiomyxolipoma is a rare variant of lipoma, which is described by Mai, 1996, at first. The nine cases of which have been reported to date. Microscopically, the lesion consists of adipose tissue with the paucicellular myxoid areas and fat tissue with numerous thin, dilated, and congestive blood vessels. The reported cases mostly located to the superficial layer on the scalp, subungual, extremities in adults. We report one case of angiomyxolipoma located in the submuscular and parosteal area in the distal femur around knee joint in a child.
Adipose Tissue ; Adult ; Blood Vessels ; Child ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Extremities ; Femur ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Lipoma ; Scalp