OBJECTIVE To observe the expres-sion of interleukin-12 and eosinophils in the nasal mu-cosa of allergic rhinitis mice. METHODS Thirty nine male BALB/c mice,6～8 weeks old,were randomly divided into three groups: control group,allergic rhinitis (AR)group, and Budesonide treatment group. Al-lergic rhinitis model in mice were established by using ovalbumin intraperitoneal immunization and nasal anti-gen challenge. The nasal mucosa obtained from mice of three groups were stained routinely by HE and im-munohistochemical method to observe the distribu-tion and expression of interleukin-12 and eosinophils. RESULTS The expression of eosinophils in the nasal mucosa of AR group was significantly higher than con-trol group(P

Objective:To assess the potential or limitation of MRI for demontrating the pathological cervicallymphnodes. Method :A prospective diagnostic study on cervical lymphnode metastasis from laryngeal carcinomawas performed for 19 cases undergone neck dissection (5 cases undergone bilateral neck dissection, 24 specimensof neck dissection were collected in total). With pathological findings as the criterion, sensitivity and specificityand accuracy were calculated for palpation and MRI examination of all patients. Result:MRI had obviously highersensitivity specificity and accuracy than palpation. Besides the changes in size and shape of the metastaticlymphnodes, the intensity of MRI inside the metastic lymphnodes was showed as mixed hypo-isointensity inT1WI and hyper intensity in T2WI. Conclusion:MRI examination was accurate in detecting cervical lymphnodemetastasis and could image occult lymphnodes which are inaccessible on palpation. Thus, MRI will probably playan important role in the evaluation of malignant lymphnode metastasis.

OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to evaluate the significance of the frequency of microsatellite instability (MSI) and its relationship to mismatch repair gene (MMR) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.METHODS We investigated the expression frequency and clinical significance of MSI and MMR in 50 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) patients from Beijing Tongren Hospital. The status of MSI was evaluated using microdissection - polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - single strand length polymorphism (SSLP) - silver staining.Five markers on chromosomes 1p, 3p, 5q, 9p, 17p, which were adjacent to BCAR3 (breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 3), FHIT, APC, CDKN2A (p16), TP53 respectively, were used. Two of the six components of MMR -hMLH1 and hMSH2- were investigated by an immunohistochemical approach because of the high frequency of their downregulation in head and neck tumors. RESULTS The informative case number of the five markers (D17S796, D3S3544, D5S656, D1S375, D9S162) were 44, 42, 45, 44 and 40 respectively. The incidence of MSI was lower than the frequency of loss of heterozygosity (LOH). The incidence of MSI on D17S796 (TP53)was 20.5% (9/44),on D3S3544 (FHIT) was 14.3 % (6/42), on D5S656 (APC) was 31.1% (14/45), on D1S375 (BCAR3) was 20.5 % (9/44), and on D9S162 (CDKN2A) was 15.0 % (6/40). Though there was no relationship between MSI status and age, gender, smoke history, tumor location, tumor differentiation and T stage (P＞0.05),there was a strong correlation between MSI and relapse condition (P＜0.01). Also, MSI status correlated with MMR expression to some degree (P＜0.01), but it was common for negative and positive staining of MMR to coexist on the same slide. CONCLUSION Microsatellite instability and abnormal mismatch repair may contribute to the carcinogenesis of a subset of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Microsatellite instability may be a characteristic signal of tumor recurrence.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of molecular biological detection of DTC in peripheral blood. METHODS 32 cases of laryngeal or laryngopharyngeal carcinoma were investigated. DTC in peripheral blood was detected by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,using CK19mRNA as the marker. RESULTS In the RT-PCR study,15 of 32 cases (46.9 %) showed a positive result. Ten of the 25 cases (40 %) of laryngeal carcinoma were positive. Fix of the remaining 7 cases (71.4 %) of laryngopharyngeal carcinoma were positive. All controls were negative. Of the 20 cases without lymph node metastasis,6 were positive; of the 12 cases with lymph node metastasis,9 were positive. The positive rate of the group with lymph node metastasis was higher than that of the group without lymph node involvement(P

OBJECTIVE To develop an explant outgrowth culture system for airway ciliated cells and explore the usefulness of the system.METHODS Mucosal specimens from rabbit tracheal epithelium were seeded into collagen-coated cover-slips. After 7 days,the specimens were characterized by Photo- contrast microscopy,transmission and Scanning electron microscope. They were also examined with hematoxylin-eosin staining and mucin-5AC immunohistochemistry. Ciliary beat frequency was measured with high-speed digital microscopy. RESULTS Many ciliated cells with good viability and goblet cells were found in the culture system. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that mucin- 5AC antibody labeled mainly in the goblet cells.The ciliated cells were differentiated well detected by electron microscope. At (30?1)℃,the basal ciliary beat frequency was (13.2?0.9) Hz. CONCLUSION The method may be useful in establishing a culture system for ciliated cells and the system will be suitable for the long-term studies of mucociliary transport system.

OBJECTIVE To establish a cell culture of human nasal epithelial cells on glass cover slides coated with rat tail collagen and explore a method to research human mucociliary system. METHODS The rat tail collagen and collagen coated cover slides were prepared for explant culture of human nasal epithelial cells. RESULTS The collagen on cover slides must be thin and ? at. It was about 1mm thick. The cultured epithelial cells were monolayer and polygonal cells. There was tight junction between the cells. Ciliary beat frequency of different cilia was equal on the same cell,and it was also equal of on cells from uncinate process and inferior turbinate. CONCLUSION This successful cell culture model of human nasal epithelail cell could be helpful to research the physiology and function of human nasal mucociliary system.

0.05).⑥ The incidence of MSI at D3S1234,D3S4103,D3S1300 in recurring cases was 83.33 %,but the ratio of MSI inprimary cases was 30.77 %,the former was remarkablyhigher than the latter(P=0.004).CONCLUSION ①Microsatellite analysis showed that both LOH andMSI of FHIT gene existed in laryngeal carcinoma andhypopharyngeal carcinoma,the former was morecommon.② FHIT gene participates the developmenof laryngeal carcinoma and hypopharyngeal carcinoma and may be one of the candidate tumor suppressor genes.③ MSI of FHIT gene may be correlated with recurrence of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the features of somatic mutations of the hypervariable region (HV) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and the relationship with clinicopathological characteristics. METHODS Microdissected cancerous tissues, paracancerous tissues and peripheral vein blood were obtained from 40 patients with LSCC and total DNA was extracted. HVⅠ and HVⅡ fragments were amplified by PCR and purified. Mutations were determined by DNA sequencing. The mutations of HVⅠand HVⅡ and their relationship with clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed. RESULTS ①In 40 LSCC samples, 86 polymorphisms were found, 21 (52.5 %) tumors presented somatic mtDNA mutations with a total of 34 mutations. Among them, 28 (82.4 %) and 6 (17.6 %) were located in HVⅠ and HVⅡ respectively. ②Tumor D-loop mutation showed significant correlation with tumor differentiation(P=0.028) and p53 mutation (P=0.041), respectively. CONCLUSION Mitochondrial DNA D-loop in LSCC is an unstable region with high frequency of somatic mutation and high polymorphism and might play a potential role in the carcinogenesis of the larynx.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the bone remodeling in rabbits sinusitis model by CT scan and observing the CT manifestations and time sequence related tendency.METHODS Forty white rabbits(New Zealand) were divided into 5 groups and each group had 8 rabbits.After the sinusitis models were made by incomplete ostia-obstructed and inoculated staphylococcus,we choose one group to be detected by CT scan separately at each time point(2,4,6,8 and 12 weeks after operation).The items we are going to evaluate conclude bone destroy,bone proliferation and sclerosis,soft tissue change,homonymy nasal cavity,opposite side and subcutaneous soft tissue change.The main items were bone destroy,bone proliferation and sclerosis.RESULTS The changes in soft tissue,homonymy nasal cavity,opposite side and subcutaneous soft tissue appear in each group.The main bone manifestation of the change in 2weeks and 4weeks group is bone destroy,no evident bone proliferation and sclerosis.Bone destroy,bone proliferation and sclerosis coexist in the 6 weeks,8 weeks and 12 weeks group.The number of bone destroy and bone proliferation in 6weeks,8 weeks and 12 weeks group is 7,7,6 and 3,5,7 separately.There weren't significant difference about other items among the groups.CONCLUSION The CT manifestations of bone remodeling feature in rabbits sinusitis model include bone destroy,bone proliferation and sclerosis.In the early phase,the main manifestation is bone destroy.While in the late phase(no less than 6 weeks),bone destroy and bone proliferation coexist and the bone proliferation become more obvious over time.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation between nasal obstruction score, Lund-Mackay score,congestion index and tissue remodeling degree of nasal mucosa in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS) and to study the role of diagnosing remodeling.METHODS Forty-three patients with CRS who underwent endoscopic surgery were studied.Congestion index of nasal mucosa was obtained by acoustic rhinometry.Nasal obstruction score was obtained by visual analogue scale.CT score was obtained by Lund-Mackay.The mucosa specimen of uncinate process from nasal cavity of the patients was used to evaluate the fibrosis degree.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS11.5.RESULTS Nasal obstruction and Lund-Mackay score had no correlation with fibrosis degree of mucosa(r=0.77,P=0.40),whereas congestion index of nasal mucosa had a negative correlation with fibrosis degree of mucosa(r=-0.348, P=0.022).CONCLUSION Nasal congestion index can reflect the degree of remodeling in submucosal tissue.Nasal congestion index with obstruction symptoms and CT scan can be used to guide the CRS treatment strategies.