Post operative ptosis is a well recognized complication of cataract surgery. It has been reported in 21 percent of post cataract cases. Multiple factors has been implicated although the exact etiology is unknown Objective: To compare superior scleral bridle with superior rectus bridle in the occurrence of ptosis based on the parameters: lid measurements-corneal reflex; interpalpebral width; upper lid crease and levator excursion Materials and Methods: Thirty eyes of 30 consecutive patients were divided into 3 groups: 1st group as control; 2nd group belonged to the superior rectus bridle and the 3rd group belonged to the superior scleral bridle. ECCE with PC-IOL implantation was performed by the 1 surgeon on 30 eyes. Ptosis parameters were assessed on the 8th week post operative. Statistical analysis using the Excel 1998 and SPSS software for ANOVA was utilized for testing significance Results: Superior scleral bridle showed significant statistical difference between the superior rectus bridle and the control group except in the levator function test Conclusion:The superior scleral bridle is comparable to a control in terms of eliminating the risk of post-ECCE ptosis in contrast to superior rectus bridle.
Human ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Young Adult ; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES

Purpose: To determine the histopathology of enucleated post-traumatic eyeballs and the most frequent indicators for enucleation Methods: All eyeballs enucleated with a clinical diagnosis of ocular injury were reviewed. The study period was from 1971 to 1996 Results: There were 198 eyeballs studied. Males were three times more involved than females. The most affected age group belonged to the third decade of life. Eyeball rupture with expulsive hemorrhage and loss of intraocular contents accounted for the most common indication for immediate enucleation. Endophthalmitis and panophthalmitis were the next common indications for early enucleation. The rest of the eyeballs were enucleated from 3 months to 43 years after injury. Histopathology revealed the presence of staphyloma, atropia bulbi, pthisis bulbi and glaucoma. Synechiae, cataract and keratitis were the outstanding features of the anterior segment pathology. Retinal detachment, choroidal hemorrhage and detachment were the most significant findings in the posterior segment Conclusions: The major indications from early enucleation in ocular trauma are eyeball rupture with expulsive hemorrhage and infectious processes. Staphyloma, pthisis bulbi and glaucoma may develop in later years leading to enucleation.
Human ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Young Adult ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child Preschool ; Infant ; EYE ENUCLEATION ; OPHTHALMOLOGIC SURGICAL PROCEDURE

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to determine the in vitro susceptibility of standard isolates of common pathogens causing bacterial conjunctivitis to non-fluoroquinolone antimicrobial ophthalmic medications. METHODS: This is a single-blind experimental study which compared the in vitro susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis to locally available non-fluoroquinolone ophthalmic medications, specifically chloramphenicol, tobramycin, fusidic acid, gentamicin sulfate, sulfacetamide and polymyxin-neomycin. Utilizing the disk diffusion method, zones of inhibition in millimeters for each bacterial isolate was recorded and tabulated. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine statistical differences. RESULTS: Both Staphylococci were sensitive to all antibiotics except sulfacetamide. Only chloramphenicol showed activity against all four isolates. Tobramycin showed the largest zone of inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. There was statistically significant difference in the median zone of inhibition in each antimicrobial medication against Staphylococcus aureus (p = 0.002) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (p < 0.001) with the largest mean zone of inhibition by fusidic acid of 34 and 38 millimeters, respectively. Streptococcus pneumoniae was least susceptible to antibiotics tested; only chloramphenicol and fusidic acid showed activity. There were also significant differences in the median zones of inhibition across the isolates. CONCLUSION The standard isolates are susceptible to at least one non-fluoroquinolone ophthalmic medication. The antibiotics tested showed differences in activity against the four isolates. The findings of this study may be used as a basis to review local practice patterns or/and initiate revisions in the guidelines for prescribing initial treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis.
Conjunctivitis, Bacterial ; Anti-Bacterial Agents