The main objective of this research is to compare the seating pressure during the driving session between two different types of national cars. The objective of this research is to conduct object pressure distribution study on two different types of car seat using CONFORMat (model 5330) with system model CER2, compare and analyse the results based on object pressure between both car seat. Twelve respondents participated a driving session with TekscanCONFORMat (model 5330) setup using the same route for both national car. We select two types of national cars equipped with automatic transmission for this research. The seat pressure on the subject along the journey is recorded using TekscanCONFORMat Research 7.60 software. Later, comparison made with respect to the seat pressure experiencedby twelve respondents. The results shows different values of backand seat pressure recorded among the twelve subjects. Lastly, the results are analysedand discussed at the end of this paper. Model B seat design has better ability to distribute evenly the pressure to both seat and back. However, results for Model A showed the pressure is more concentrated on the seat area.
TeckscanCONFORMat ; Seating pressure ; Ergonomic

Research on environmental ergonomics of train/commuter is very limited. Thus, this study was conducted with aims to determine the environmental ergonomic of public transport, whether it is in accordance to indoor air quality standard inside women coach cabin train during operations. Although the number of passengers is increasing, some claimed that the indoor air quality for the Malaysian commuter train is uncertain, especially at peak times. Unsatisfactory feedback from some respondents—especially female passengers—will affect other passengers to remain loyal to use this facility as one of the main transportation to reduce the traffic congestion that will be faced if using private vehicles. The study conducted during peak hours on the weekends and the trip took exactly two hours and covered 18 main stations. The measurement devices placed at the centre of the cabin Komuter using Air Quality Meter (AIRFLOW Instrument Model TA465). The main parameters measured were temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide (CO2). This study also counts the number of passengers riding the train. The results showed that the indoor air quality (AIQ) level of the morning hour will affect passengers’ health more compared to the evening hour (this is due to the CO2 level that has exceeded the safety standard). Morning hour gave higher reading of CO2 (43.8%) and relative humidity (17%) compared to evening hour. Evening hours also showed greater temperature at 3%. The findings can give awareness to the train company to improve the IAQ by installing a suitable ventilation system and can give comfort to the passengers when travelling using Malaysian commuter train The results showed that the indoor air quality (AIQ) level of the morning hour will affect passengers’ health more compared to the evening hour (this is due to the CO2 level that has exceeded the safety standard). Morning hour gave higher reading of CO2 (43.8%) and relative humidity (17%) compared to evening hour. Evening hours also showed greater temperature at 3%. The findings can give awareness to the train company to improve the IAQ by installing a suitable ventilation system and can give comfort to the passengers when travelling using Malaysian commuter train.
ergonomic environment ; indoor air quality ; public transport ; KTM Komuter

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 116 male pre-cast construction workers in Sipitang, Sabah to evaluate the association between Ergonomic Risk Level exposure and their working performances for 6 months (June to November 2014). Initially, a structured interview using a modified-Standardized Nordic Questionnaire was conducted on each study subject to determine the prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs). The results showed that 93 out of 116 subjects (80.17%) complained of experiencing ache, pain or body discomfort during and after work with high percentage of MSDs prevalence affecting the wrist (78.5%), shoulder (73.1%), and lower leg (71.0%) regions of the body. Pictures and videos of workers performing their routine tasks were analyzed using Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) tool to generate individual Ergonomic Risk Level classification. The results showed that all subjects were exposed to Medium (56.90%), High (29.31%) and Very High (13.79%) level of Ergonomic Risk. Pearson Correlation and One-way ANOVA test was conducted to determine the association between Ergonomic Risk Level and the subjects’ individual working performances. The results indicated that there was a significant negative association between Ergonomic Risk Level and the workers' performances in terms of tendency to work overtime (p<.001, r=-.55) and the frequency of taking unpaid leaves (p=.038, r=.56). In conclusion, continuous exposure to significant Ergonomic Risk Level among the pre-cast construction workers has triggered the development of MSDs which eventually affected their working performances.
Pre-cast construction ; Ergonomic Risk Level ; Rapid Entire Body Assessment ; Musculoskeletal Disorders ; Working Performances.