Objective To choose proper proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy(~1XH-MRS) parameters to fit for practical femoral marrow cavity and to produce short-timed,well-repeated and excellent ~1H-MRS images.Methods The tentative study of ~1H-MRS on the normal femoral bone marrow in 26 volunteers was performed with a 1.5 T MR after the informed consent.The single-voxel spectroscopy and stimulated echo acquisition mode were used for ~1H-MRS collection.~1H-MRS parameters for 12 volunteers were 128 acquisitions,1 cm?1 cm?1 cm volume of interest(VOI)size and repeatedly 2—3 times within the same location.~1H-MRS parameters for another:14 volunteers were different numbers of acquisition (128 and 256 times,respectively)and different VOI sizes(2 cm?2 cm?2 cm and 1 cm?1 cm?1 cm, respectively).Results For ~1H-MRS with 1 cm?1 cm?1 cm size of VOI and 128 times of acquisition with the full width haft max of water≤8—12 Hz,the base-line was steady and the signal-noise ratio was high up to 11.31.~1H-MRS was different in the different femoral locations showing the maximum peak sites at near 0.90 ppm(?10~(-6))or 1.65 ppm,but~1H-MRS within the same location was always same or similar with different VOI sizes(1 cm?1 cm?1 cm or 2 cm?2 cm?2 cm)or different numbers of acquisition(128 or 256 times).~1H-MRS acquisition time was not related with the size of VOI but with the numbers of acquisition.128 and 256 times of acquisition cost 199 s and 391 s,respectively.Conclusion With the technique of small size of VOI(1 cm?1 cm?1 cm)and decreased numbers of acquisition(128 times),it is propable to get well-repeated and excellent ~1H-MRS within less time.It is also more practical for clinics to achieve ~1H-MRS of the femoral marrow with the proper technique.

Objective Establishing a method for quantitative analysis of nucleic acid by DNA chips. Methods The modified oligonucleotides with ribose at 3′-end was chemically synthesized. The 5′-end was labeled by radioisotope 32p with kinase catalyzed reactions. Such oligonucleotides were converted into di-aldehyde at 3′-end by oxidization with NaIO4, and then were spotted on glass slide with the amino group modified surface. After reduced with NaBH4, the oligonucleotides were attached strongly. The DNA chips prepared with this method were hybridized with nucleic acids existed in the solution and then digested with nuclease S1. Results When they were paired with the nucleic acids in the solution perfectly, the oligonucleotides on the chip were not cleaved by nuclease S1. Otherwise, the oligonucleotides on chip were cleaved. The protection efficiencies appeared proportional to the perfect paired nucleic acids in the solution when the content of target nucleic acids were less than the spots on the slides. Conclusions The method was developed for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of nucleic acid. As it was not required to label the samples with radioisotope or fluorescence, it might be a practical choice for clinical tests.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the preventive effect of Jiangu granule (JGG) on experimental primary osteoporosis type I.

METHODSOsteoporosis model was established through ovary resection of female rats. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured with double energy X-ray absorptiometry. Level of endocrine markers, including osteocalcin (BGP), estradiol (E2) and calcitonin (CT) in serum were examined by RIA. And uterus parameters was calculated also.

RESULTSJGG could significantly increase BMD and uterus index, improve the levels of E2 and CT in serum, at the same time reduce the BGP level.

CONCLUSIONJGG can efficiently prevent type I primary osteoporosis or delay its occurrence by enhancing the function of endocrine system, coordinating the action of calcium related hormone, reducing bone turnover rate and increasing BMD.

Animals ; Bone Density ; Calcitonin ; blood ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Estradiol ; blood ; Female ; Osteocalcin ; blood ; Osteoporosis ; blood ; prevention & control ; Ovariectomy ; Phytotherapy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVEFebrile seizure (FS) is a pediatric emergency. The reiterative attacks of FS may result in brain damage to various extents. Fructose-1,6-diphosphate, serving as a cellular energy substance, has been applied to clinical practice for many years and has shown its importance in adjuvant treatment of diseases with myocardial damage. This study aimed to explore the potentiality of protecting rats' brain damage caused by febrile seizure with fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP).

METHODSThirty 21-day-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into febrile seizure group (FS), sodium chloride solution (NS) control group and FDP intervention group (FD). Febrile seizure was induced by hyperthermal bath at 45 degrees C in the present study. No intervention treatment was given to rats in FS group before febrile seizure. Thirty minutes before febrile seizures, rats in FD group were given peritoneal injection of FDP at a dose of 25 mg per 100 g of body weight, whereas the same volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution was injected into peritoneum of rats in NS group. Manifestations of seizure and differences in seizure latency, duration of seizure and seizure severity were observed in all the 3 groups. Samples of rat brain were prepared for electron microscopy in order to understand the characteristics of the ultrastructural changes in mitochondria, interspace of neuronal synapses and neurons of hippocampal region CA(1).

RESULTSData collected from this study indicated that peritoneal injection of FDP at 25 mg per 100 grams of body weight 30 minutes before febrile seizures could result in improvement of the clinical manifestation of the rats caused by febrile seizures. Specifically speaking, the seizure latency was prolonged, the duration of seizures was shortened and severity of seizure was reduced. Analysis of variance and q-test on the data collected from the 3 groups revealed that there were significant differences between FD group and the other two groups (P < 0.05), yet no significant difference was found between FS group and NS group (P > 0.05). Electron microscopic observations on brain specimens revealed that FDP could relieve mitochondrial degeneration and edema. FDP could also reduce neuronal degeneration and necrosis in hippocampal region CA(1) (the percentages of neuronal degeneration and necrosis in the 3 groups were respectively 13% for FD group, 28% for FS group and 30% for NS group). There was a significant difference between FD group and the other two groups (P < 0.05), FDP treatment could prevent interspace of neuronal synapses from enlarging (the mean interspace was 6.47 +/- 0.37 micro m for FD group, 7.60 +/- 0.36 micro m for FS group and 7.53 +/- 0.40 micro m for NS group. The difference between FD group and the other two groups was significant (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONFDP could lead to prolonged seizure latency, shorter duration of seizures and mitigation of seizures severity. FDP could also reduce neuronal degeneration and necrosis and prevent the interspace of neuronal synapses from enlarging in hippocampal region CA(1). The present study suggests that FDP can protect brain of rat from damages caused by febrile seizures.

Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fructosediphosphates ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Neuroprotective Agents ; therapeutic use ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Seizures, Febrile ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome

In order to detect coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitor in patients with severe hemophilia A (HA) and preliminarily study the genetic mutation in patients with inhibitor positive. Totally 58 patients with HA (FVIII: C < 1%) were enrolled. FVIII: C activity was measured by one-stage coagulation assay. FVIII inhibitor was screened by using APTT method and FVIII inhibitor in screened positive patients with HA was quantitatively analyzed by using Bethesda method. Using genomic DNA as template, 12, 14, 16 exons of FVIII in screened positive patients were amplified, and the mutations of amplified products were detected by direct sequencing. The results indicated that the FVIII inhibitor could be detected in 4 patients (6.9%) from 58 HA patients, no gene mutations in 12, 14, 16 exons of FVIII were found. It is concluded that the positive rate of FVIII inhibitor in HA patients is lower than that reported in literature. The causes of inhibitor production needs to further investigate.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Blood Coagulation Factor Inhibitors ; isolation & purification ; Blood Coagulation Tests ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Exons ; Factor VIII ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; Genetic Testing ; Hemophilia A ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Young Adult

Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matched unrelated donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (MUD-HSCT) for adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in a single center. Methods: Consecutive adult AML who received MUD-HSCT in our center from January 2008 to April 2017 were studied retrospectively, comparing with patients undergoing matched sibling donor (MSD) -HSCT in the same period. The rates of overall survival (OS) , disease free survival (DFS) , relapse, non-relapse mortality (NRM) , engraftment, acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD and cGVHD) were analyzed. Results: A total of 247 consecutive cases were enrolled, including 46 patients with MUD-HSCT and 201 with MSD-HSCT. All the patients experienced neutrophil engraftment except for one patient who died early in the MSD group, but the median day of engraftment was longer in the MUD group (15.0 vs 14.0, P=0.017) . The accumulative engraftment rate of platelet was comparable between the two groups (93.5%vs 98.0%, P=0.128) . The accumulative incidences of aGVHD (50.0%vs 46.3%, P=0.421) and cGVHD (37.8%vs 43.0%, P=0.581) were not statistically different between the two groups. Compared with the MSD group, the accumulative NRM rate at+36 months after transplantation was significantly higher in the MUD group (22.0%vs 10.4%, P=0.049) , while the relapse rate was not statistical difference (20.5 vs 28.3%, P=0.189) . Both the 3-year OS (61.6%vs 63.3%, P=0.867) and DFS (57.5%vs 61.6%, P=0.760) were comparable between the two groups. Four independent risk factors were confirmed by the multivariate analysis: patient age ≥45 years old, CR2 or NR before transplantation, a history of extramedullary infiltration and the occurrence of grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ aGVHD. No statistical differences were demonstrated in the survival rate between MUD-and MSD-HSCT in different subgroups. Conclusions: The outcomes, such as GVHD, relapse, OS and DFS, were comparable between MUD-and MSD-HSCT for adult AML, but higher incidence of NRM and longer time to neutrophil engraftment in the MUD group. MUD-HSCT is practical and feasible for adult AML who are lack of MSD.
Graft vs Host Disease ; HLA Antigens ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy* ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Siblings ; Unrelated Donors

OBJECTIVETo assess the effect and safety of nano-Amoni Paste (nmAP) in the treatment of children's anorexia (AR).

METHODSOne hundred and eighty patients of AR were assigned according to the randomized, double-blinded, double-simulated and parallel controlled principle to three groups, the treated group (TG), the positive control group (PCG) and the negative control group (NCG), 60 in each group. The patients in TG were treated by sticking 1.5 ml of nmAP on the acupoint of Shenque (Ren 8) once a day and orally taking placebo liquid 10 ml twice a day; those in PCG and NCG treated with sticking paste of placebo on Ren 8, and oral taking of Shanmai Jianpi Oral Liquid and placebo liquid respectively, 10 ml each time twice per day. The course of treatment for all was 10 days, all patients were treated for 2 courses.

RESULTSThe total effective rate and the effective rate on cardinal symptom in TG was 85.0% and 95.0% respectively, that in PCG 86.2% and 96.55% and in NCG 45.5% and 65.45%, respectively, showing significant difference between groups (P<0.05). Comparison of the clinical manifestation before and after treatment showed significant improvement in volume of food intake, appetite, complexion and reduction of restlessness symptom (P<0.05) in all three groups, and there was no adverse reaction found in them.

CONCLUSIONnmAP is an effective and safe remedy for treatment of Children's anorexia.

Acupuncture Points ; Amomum ; chemistry ; Anorexia ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Appetite ; drug effects ; Body Height ; drug effects ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Double-Blind Method ; Eating ; drug effects ; Female ; Humans ; Liposomes ; Male ; Nanoparticles ; Oils, Volatile ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; isolation & purification ; therapeutic use ; Ointments ; Phytotherapy ; Plant Extracts ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Psychomotor Agitation ; physiopathology ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo study the cognitive function, its correlation with and the impact on quality of life in epileptic children aged 6-13 years in regular school.

METHODCognitive function of 172 children with various types of epilepsy were measured using a computerized neuropsychological test battery including six items. Their scores across the neuropsychological measures were compared with 172 healthy control subjects from the general population strictly matched for age, sex and the region where education was accepted. The quality of life was measured in 105 cases by the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory (QOLIE-31).

RESULT(1) After adjusting for age, gender, and education, children with epilepsy performed significantly worse than healthy control subjects on 5 of 6 cognitive tasks, including Raven's progressive matrices correct number (8.6 vs. 14.0), choice reaction time (620.4 ms vs. 489.5 ms), word-rhyming tasks (2796.9 ms vs. 2324.4 ms), simple substraction correct number (28.6 vs. 35.5)as well as number comparision (1002.4 ms vs. 803.1 ms), P < 0.01. When an impairment index was calculated, 44.2% patients had at least one abnormal score on the test battery, compared with 14.5% of healthy volunteers, there was statistically significant differences between the two groups, P < 0.001. (2) Children with new onset epilepsy before the treatment with anti-epilepstic drugs performed significantly worse than healthy controls on 5 of 6 cognitive tasks, including Raven's progressive matrices correct number (9.1 vs. 13.8), choice reaction time (625.8 ms vs.474.5 ms), word-rhyming tasks(3051.8 ms vs. 2575.4 ms), simple substraction correct number (28.9 vs. 35.3) as well as number comparison (942.4 ms vs. 775.8 ms), P < 0.01. (3) Cognitive performance was not related to the age of onset, type of epilepsy, therapy duration or comorbid emotional and behavior disorders, P > 0.05. (4) 105 cases filled in the QOLIE-31 questionaire, the total score of the quality of life in the group without cognitive impairment and psychical conditions was the highest (60.5 ± 0.9), and the lowest total score was found in group with cognitive impairment and psychical conditions (54.6 ± 1.5), there were highly significant differences between the groups, P < 0.001.

CONCLUSIONAlmost one-half of the children with epilepsy accepting regular education had at least one abnormal score in the battery tests. Newly diagnosed untreated patients with epilepsy are cognitively compromised before the start of antiepileptic drug medication. Cognitive impairment was not related to the epilepsy-related or psychiatric variables. Cognitive impairment and mental disorders require further attention and essential therapy, which is important to the improvement of the quality of life in epileptic children.

Adolescent ; Child ; Cognition ; physiology ; Cognition Disorders ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Comorbidity ; Epilepsy ; complications ; psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Quality of Life ; Reaction Time ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the inhibition effects of DNAzymes specific to Hepatitis B Virus(HBV) s gene and e gene on the expressions of Hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) and Hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg).

METHODSDNAzymes DrzBS and DrzBC specific to HBV s gene ORF A157UG and e gene ORF A1816UG, respectively, were designed and synthesized. The inhibition effects of DrzBS or DrzBC on the expressions of HBV s and e genes were observed in 2.2.15 cells.

RESULTSThe expression of HBV s or e genes was dramatically depressed after 2.2.15 cells treated by DrzBS or DrzBC. The concentration for effective inhibition was within 0.1-2.5 micromol/L and the inhibition showed a dose dependence within that concentration range. The maximum inhibition was 94.2% and 91.8% for DrzBS and DrzBC, respectively. The inhibition was maintained for 72 hours. The efficiency of inhibiting HbsAg, HbeAg in 2.2.15 cells by DrzBS, DrzBC was higher than that by antisense oligonucleotides for the same target genes. The concentrations for effective inhibition of the DNAzymes were at least 10-fold lower compared with antisense oligonucleotides. Neither inhibition on the replication of HBV DNA nor toxicity to 2.2.15 cells was observed.

CONCLUSIONDrzBS and DrzBC can highly block the expressions of HBV s gene and e gene in 2.2.15 HBV cell model and are proved a specific and effective anti-HBV gene therapeutic means.

DNA, Catalytic ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; DNA, Viral ; analysis ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Genetic Therapy ; Hepatitis B ; therapy ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; genetics ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Jiaotai Pill (, JTP) at different constitutional proportions on insulin signaling through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway in the skeletal muscle of diabetic rats.

METHODSThe rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was established by intravenous injection of a small dose of streptozotoein plus high fat diet feeding. JTP at the same dosage of cinnamon and the increasing dosage of Coptis chinensis was administered to diabetic rats for nine weeks respectively. Plasma glucose and insulin levels were assayed. The expressions of proteins were determined by Western blot method.

RESULTSAll the three formulations of JTP decreased plasma glucose and fasting insulin levels as well as increased the protein expressions of insulin receptor β (InsRβ) subunit, insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), PI3K p85 subunit and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in skeletal muscle. Meanwhile, JTP increased the tyrosine phosphorylation of InsRβ subunit and IRS-1, and reduced the serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 in skeletal muscle. Interestingly, the effect of JTP on improving insulin sensitivity was not dose-dependent. In contrast, JTP containing the least amount of Coptis chinensis exhibited the best effect.

CONCLUSIONJTP at different constitutional proportions attenuates the development of diabetes in a rat model of T2DM. The mechanism might be associated with enhancing insulin signaling through PI3K pathway in the skeletal muscle.

Animals ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Glucose Transporter Type 4 ; metabolism ; Homeostasis ; drug effects ; Insulin ; metabolism ; Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins ; metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal ; drug effects ; enzymology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotyrosine ; metabolism ; Protein Subunits ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptor, Insulin ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects