By modern epidemiology and sociology method, 1200 households in the districts of Dong Da, Thanh Tri, Tu Liem in Hanoi city were studied. Environment is not polluted with NO2, SO2, CO, CO2, but with high dust level and noisiness. NO2, NH3 indices in water are within standard level. Concerning the microorganisms Welchii index was high in living water. The pollution with worm eggs was considerable because all examined soil samples had worm eggs. In adult, the most morbidities were high blood pressure, bronchitis, ENT diseases, gastroenteritis; in children, the most were malnutrition, acute inflammations of respiratory tract
Environmental illness ; epidemiology ; Sociology

OBJECTIVETo assess the effects of ambient air pollutants on hospital outpatient visits for allergic disease and pollinosis.

METHODSThe monitoring data of daily air pollution (SO(2), NO(2) and PM(10)) in 8 national monitoring and controlling sites of Beijing air quality, airborne pollen in 4 monitoring sites of Beijing, and daily meteorological data, along with the daily numbers of outpatients visits for allergic disease and pollinosis at the Allergy Department of Beijing Shijitan Hospital from April to September in 2004 were collected. Associations between the levels of air pollutants and outpatient visits for allergic disease and pollinosis were estimated by time serial analysis using a generalized addictive model (GAM), considering lag effect and the influence of multipollutants.

RESULTSDuring the study period, the average daily ambient concentrations of SO(2), NO(2) and PM(10) were (20.9 ± 12.9), (58.6 ± 13.6) and (126.8 ± 64.1) µg/m(3), respectively. The mean daily pollen count was (163.8 ± 209.0) grains/1000 mm(2), while the average daily numbers of doctor visits for allergic disease and pollinosis were (16.3 ± 5.3) and (3.5 ± 5.0), respectively. Time serial analysis showed that significant positive associations were found between levels of airborne pollen and doctor visits, with an excess risk (ER) of 2.44% (95%CI: 0.75% - 4.13%)for allergic disease and 6.58% (95%CI: 3.82% - 9.34%) for pollinosis per 100 grains/1000 mm(2) increase in pollen, in single-pollutant models. There were associations between ambient air pollutants (SO(2), NO(2), PM(10)) and doctor visits with lag effects. A 10 µg/m(3) increase in NO(2) was associated with a 3.14% (95%CI: 0.42% - 5.85%) increase in doctor visits for allergic disease at lag 6 d. For pollinosis, the highest ER was observed for 10 µg/m(3) increases in SO(2) at lag 1 d, NO(2) at lag 6 d, PM(10) at lag 3 d. However, this association was not statistically significant (RR (95%CI) were 1.0460 (0.9640 - 1.1280), 1.0325 (0.9633 - 1.1017), 1.0079 (0.9942 - 1.0217), respectively). The associations enhanced slightly in multi-pollutant models with an ER of 2.56% (95%CI: 0.80% - 4.31%) for allergic disease and 6.81% (95%CI: 3.91% - 9.71%) for pollinosis per 100 grains/1000 mm(2) of pollen.

CONCLUSIONSOur results suggest that level of airborne pollen may have a stronger effect than ambient air pollutants on allergic disease and pollinosis.

Air Pollutants ; analysis ; Air Pollution ; analysis ; Environmental Illness ; prevention & control ; Environmental Monitoring ; Humans ; Outpatient Clinics, Hospital ; statistics & numerical data ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal ; prevention & control

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of environmental low-dose exposure to crocidolite on people's health and the society. METHODS The mortality data of cancer between 1994 and 2003 in an environmental crocidolite-contaminated area was obtained from hospital medical records of Dayao Center for Disease Prevention and Control, and Dayao Public Health Bureau. The years of life lost with premature death (YLLs), was used to measure and assess the death, health losses and social burden of cancer in this area.

RESULTSIn the environmental crocidolite-contaminated area, lung cancer was the prime cause of death in all kinds of cancers between 1994 and 2003, followed by liver cancer, mesothelioma stomach cancer and colorectal cancer, with mortality 10.15/10(5), 9.04/10(5), 8.48/10(5), 3.96/10(5) and 3.55/10(5) respectively. The mortality of main cancer in male and female increased with age growing except that of breast cancer in female. Results showed that the types of leading cancers of YLLs were liver cancer, lung cancer, mesothelioma, leukemia and stomach cancer with YLLs 1981.39 person-year, 1886.63 person-year, 1799.23 person-year, 948.01 person-year and 754.18 person-year respectively. The distribution of YLLs was similar in both sexes, higher in the middle age group (aged from 15 to 44 years and 45 to 59 years) and lower in other age groups. The indirect economic loss resulting from lung cancer (15.02% of the total loss), liver cancer (13.98% of the total loss) and mesothelioma (13.01% of the total loss) was relatively great. The YLLs and the indirect economic loss attributable to environmental low-dose exposure to crocidolite were 3092.23 person-year and 5,175,800 Yuan respectively.

CONCLUSIONLung cancer, liver cancer, mesothelioma, leukemia and breast cancer are the major cancers with an important impact on people's health and premature mortality in the environmental crocidolite-contaminated area. The impact of cancer mortality is more severer in those aged over 45 years. Social burden of cancer is the greatest in persons aged from 15 to 59 years. Policies and plans should be worked out for the protection of environment and the prevention of cancer.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asbestos, Crocidolite ; adverse effects ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Cost of Illness ; Environmental Exposure ; Environmental Pollution ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Life Expectancy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms ; mortality ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVES: The study evaluated the quality of indoor air in households surrounding a coal-fired power plant in Pagbilao, Quezon and its impact to the residents in these communities. 
METHODS: The researchers used a quantitative approach and gathered both primary and secondary data from the Province of Quezon, Municipalities of Pagbilao and Padre Burgos and 12 other barangays from January to June 2008. A household survey was conducted to obtain the health and socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. Likewise, indoor air quality surveys, respiratory health profiling and pulmonary function tests were done. Indoor air quality monitoring measured eight hour levels of particulate matter -10 (PM10) in "near" and "far" barangays and sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in two primary impact barangays as indicated in the environmental impact assessment of the power plant.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Results showed that there is no significant difference (p= <0.05) in the eight-hour average of indoor PM10 in  "near" and "far" barangays. The monitoring results for SO2 and NO2 are below the ambient air quality standards. The results of respiratory profiling and pulmonary function testing revealed that the significant risk factors for respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function parameters are generally demographic characteristics such as sex, height and weight. However, cigarette smoking and indoor PM10 levels, which came out as significant risk factors for wheezing and the predicted forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1), respectively, reflect the environmental exposure of children inside their homes.

Human ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Young Adult ; Adolescent ; Child ; Air Pollutants ; Coal ; Gases ; Air Pollution, Indoor ; Coal ; Environmental Exposure ; Nitrogen Dioxide ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; Sulfur Dioxide ; Environmental Illness ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We assessed twelve cases of suspected chronic pesticide intoxication, with medically unexplained physical symptoms. METHODS: Complete blood cell count (CBC), blood chemistry, routine urinalysis, chest X-ray, ECG, gastrofiberscopy, abdominal ultrasonography, neuroselective sensory nerve conduction threshold, and psychological assessment were performed on 12 farmers who believe themselves to have suffered from chronic pesticide intoxication. RESULTS: No specific abnormalities were observed on CBC, routine urinalysis, chest X-ray, ECG, gastroscopy, abdominal ultrasonography, or peripheral nerve conduction velocity test. They persistently manifested helplessness, depression, and anxiety. The results of both psychological assessment and general physical examination revealed the following clinical features: depression (8 cases), multiple chemical hypersensitivity syndrome (2 cases), alcoholism (1 case), and religious preoccupation (1 case). CONCLUSION: In those living in the western rural area of South Korea, depression is a prominent ongoing presentation in pesticide-exposed farmers, in addition to unexplainable physical symptoms.
Aged ; Agricultural Workers' Diseases/*diagnosis/psychology ; Chronic Disease ; Environmental Illness/*diagnosis/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Observation ; *Occupational Exposure ; Pesticides/*poisoning ; Psychological Tests

OBJECTIVETo assess the burden of disease attributable to ambient particulate matter pollution in 1990 and 2010 in China.

METHODSOn the basis of the results of the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2010 (GBD 2010) for China's estimates, we used population attributable fractions (PAF) to examine the burden of disease (mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALY)) attributable to ambient particulate matter pollution in 1990 and 2010 in China, with 95% uncertainty interval (95% UI) estimate, and increasing rate to explore the trends of attributed burden of disease across the study period of 20 years.

RESULTSIn 2010, 38.9% (95% UI: 27.0%-49.4%) of lower respiratory infections for < 5 years children, 27.2% (95% UI: 10.2%-37.5%) of lung cancer, 29.9% (95% UI: 25.8%-34.2%) of ischemic heart disease, 35.0% (95% UI: 27.4%-41.1%) of stroke, and 21.0% (95% UI: 10.7%-30.3%) of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) for ≥ 25 years adults were attributable to ambient particulate matter pollution, which accounted for 1.235 (95% UI: 1.038-1.410) million deaths and 25.230 (95% UI: 21.770-28.600) million person years DALY in total, and increased by 33.4% and 4.0%, respectively by comparison with that in 1990 (0.926 million and 24.260 million person years). Lung cancer accounted for the largest increasing rate of 154.5% (from 0.055 million to 0.140 million) and 130.1% (from 1.330 million person years to 3.060 million person years), followed by ischemic heart disease (118.5%, from 0.130 million to 0.284 million, and 86.6%, from 3.280 million person years to 6.120 million person years) and stroke (41.0%, from 0.429 million to 0.605 million, and 33.8%, from 8.970 million person years to 12.000 million person years). The attributed mortality for both gender mostly occurred in age group of 60-79 years (male: 0.260 million and 0.404 million accounting for 53.7% and 54.8%; female: 0.214 million and 0.236 million accounting for 48.5% and 47.5%) both in 1990 and 2010. The age group of 40-79 years accounted for the most portion of attributed DALY for both gender (male: 8.458 million person years and 13.460 million person years accounting for 62.9% and 83.8%; female: 6.360 million person years and 7.152 million person years accounting for 58.9% and 78.0%). The increasing rates were higher for male than for female.

CONCLUSIONThe burden of disease attributable to ambient particulate matter pollution was very high in China with significant increase in mortality and disability, which indicates the highly necessity for government to take actions to reduce ambient particulate matter pollution and its health hazards.

Adult ; Air Pollution ; Child ; China ; Cost of Illness ; Environmental Pollution ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Male ; Mortality ; Particulate Matter ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Stroke

Objective: To forecast the burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in China by 2030 and evaluate the effectiveness of controlling risk factors based on the predictive model. Methods: Based on the relationship between the death of COPD and exposure to risk factors and the theory of comparative risk assessment, we used the estimates of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 (GBD2015) for China, targets for controlling risk factors, and proportion change model to project the number of deaths, standardized mortality rate, and probability of premature mortality from chronic respiratory diseases by 2030 in different scenarios and to evaluate the impact of controlling the included risk factors to the disease burden of COPD in 2030. Results: If the trends in exposure to risk factors from 1990 to 2015 continued, the number of deaths and the mortality for COPD would be 1.06 million and 73.85 per 100 000 population in China by 2030, respectively, with an increase of 15.81% and 10.69% compared to those in 2015. Compared to 2015, the age-standardized mortality rate would decrease by 38.88%, and the premature mortality would reduce by 52.73% by 2030. If the smoking rate and fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) concentration separately achieve their control targets by 2030, there would be 0.34 and 0.27 million deaths that could be avoided compared to the predicted numbers based on the natural trends in exposure to risk factors and the probability of premature death would reduce to 0.59% and 0.52%, respectively. If the control targets of all included risk factors were achieved by 2030, a total of 0.53 million deaths would be averted, and the probability of premature death would decrease to 0.44%. Conclusions: If the exposures to risk factors continued as showed from 1990 to 2015, the number of deaths and mortality for COPD would increase by 2030 compared to 2015, and the standardized mortality and the probability of premature death would decrease significantly, which would achieve the targets of preventing and controlling COPD. If the exposure to the included risk factors all achieved the targets by 2030, the burden of COPD would be reduced, suggesting that the control of tobacco use and air pollution should be enhanced to prevent and control COPD.
Air Pollutants/analysis* ; Air Pollution/prevention & control* ; China/epidemiology* ; Cost of Illness ; Environmental Exposure ; Humans ; Particulate Matter/analysis* ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/prevention & control* ; Risk Factors