Endometritis is a common complication of the postpartum period. It is still a significant cause of maternal morbidity and, rarely, mortality. The term endometritis basically refers to infection of the endometrium or deciduas with extension into the myometrium. Other terms that have been used to define this infection include metritis, myometritis, endomyometritis, and puerperal sepsis. Involvement of the parametrial tissue is termed parametritis. By foreign researchers, the incidence of endometritis varies significantly depending on the population studied and, more importantly, on the method of delivery, i.e., vaginal vs. cesarean section. The risk of developing endometritis following vaginal delivery is estimated to be between 1 and 3%. But the after cesarean section it occurs about 10-20%. By Sebastian Faro (1990), the bacteria most commonly isolated from the inner uterine surface of patients with acute postpartum endometritis are Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Bacteroides bivius and less frequently isolated bacteria are Citrobacter, Acinebacter, and pseudomonas. Objective: To indicate the incidence and cause of postpartum endometritis in Ulaanbaatar city. Design: Retrospective and prospective study. Methods. Collection of history data, abdominal and transvaginal ultrasound study using by Mochida ultrasound apparatus; microbiological study on collected materials from cervix of uterus. Settings. Covered 728 cases whose had diagnosed as postpartum endometritis, which treated in 1st Mternity hospital, 2st Mternity Hospital, 3st Mternity Hospital of Ulaanbaatar city and Mternity Hospital of MCMNC last 3 years (2005, 2006, 2007). Results. Last 3 years, incidence of postpartum endometritis was 1.19% in 1st Maternity Hospital 1.05% in 2st Mternity Hospital, 0.95% in 3st Maternity Hospital of Ulaanbaatar city, 1.51% in Maternity Hospital of MCMNC between all delivered mothers. Postpartum entometritis are obtained 43% between all of postpartum pathologyes. Enterobacter and Staphylococcus aureus are causes each by 13.4% of postpartum endometritis in studied biggest Maternity Hospitals of Ulaanbaatar city. Discussion. Average incidence of postpartum endometritis was 1.17% in Maternity Hospitals of Ulaanbaatar city, last 3 years. It is almost similarity by incidence to foreign researchers study, because this is the risk of developing endometritis following vaginal delivery by them is estimated to be between 3-8% [4]. But in our country the postpartum endometritis after cesarean section was higher than foreign researchers study. The commonly causative bacteria of postpartum endometritis is the E.coli, which causes 73.2% for this disease in studied Maternity Hospitals of Ulaanbaatar city. Conclusions: Last 3 years, by our study the incidence of postpartum endometritis after cesarean section was 29.1%. The Escherichia coli is dominantly inducing for postpartum endometritis with vaginal deliveried mothers, and also with mothers, whose had after cesarean section.

Air pollution is an increasingly serious problem in Mongolia, especially in the capital city of Ulaanbaatar, Darkhan and several other urban areas.The goal:The goal of this study is to determine the relationships between air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, NO2 and SO2) and meteorological parameters (average temperature, humidity, and wind speed) and respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality of all secondary level and tertiary level hospitals of Ulaanbaatar and 8 primary level hospitals. This is a cross sectional study using secondary air quality and hospital morbidity and mortality data.Material and Methods:Sampling unit is a total number morbidity of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases at the selected study hospitals, number of mortality of the selected II and III level hospitals. Data were collected during 1 year and 5 days or 370 days from 1 June 2008 to 5 of June 2009. Hospital morbidity and mortality admission data were obtained from each hospitals statistic department. Daily data of FGPs were collected manually by data collectors in accordance with scheduled date. Emergency data was also been obtained from the City emergency center.Results:The daily concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NO2 had exceeded the MNAAQS mainly in the winter months from November to February. The correlation mainly between respiratory and cardiovascular disease case admissions with meteorological parameters is because the cold winter conditions in Ulaanbaatar result in the accumulation of pollutants in the atmosphere. Thus, population exposure to air pollution is increase significantly during winter months. Based on recent study result, during winter 1 out of 2 diseases admission case of respiratory system disease caused due to average temperature, relative humidity, NO2, and PM10 and cardiovascular disease also caused due to relative humidity, NO2, and PM10 level. So thus, not only fuel based pollutants but also vehicle related pollutants and meteorological conditions also causing onset of cardiovascular and respiratory system disease. Children under 15 years old are more likely get admitted to the hospital due to respiratory system disease cases whereas cardiovascular disease admission more registered among older age group of people. In addition, residents of ger area are more visited to the FGPs than the residents of apartment area.Conclusions:1. The correlation mainly between respiratory and cardiovascular disease case admissions with meteorological parameters is because the cold winter conditions in Ulaanbaatar result in the accumulation of pollutants in the atmosphere.2. Population exposure to air pollution is increase significantly during winter months.3. During winter 1 out of 2 diseases of respiratory system disease caused due to average temperature, relative humidity, NO2, and PM10 and cardiovascular disease also caused due to relative humidity, NO2, and PM10 level.

Goal: To study migration of toxic chemicals from water containters into stored waterMaterial and Methods:Experimental study was carried out in the Health Reference laboratory of Public Health Institute. In the study, as examples of water containers that are commonly used among population, the samples of water containers narrow opened container intended for keeping oil, aluminium container, large blue container (plastic), and metal container were purchased from Narantuul market and container with volume of 1 liter for potable water was purchased from supermarket and were tested. For determination of heavy metal migration, dissolving soultion or 3% In the solution of 3% chloric acid and for determination of hygiene parameters 3% acidic acid were used, respectively. In the solution of 3% chloric acid 6 heavy metals including iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and manganese (Mn) were determined by Varian 210 D AAS-10 in accordance with the method stated in the standard of GOST 5370-50. In the solution of 3% chloric acide the content of formalyne was determined by qualitative method of Shiph and quantative titration methodr, ethylen and salicilic acid by qualitative method, oxidation of organic matters by bichromate titration method and formaldehyde by iodometer method, respectively. Results of analysis were processed by Origin 7.0 software.Conclusions:1. The migration of lead from oil container and large blue plastic container as used for water storage and carriage was detected 500-800 times higher in oil container and 60-72 times higher in large blue plastic container than the acceptable maximum limit of WHO reference level and drinking water standard MNS900:2005 (0.01mg/l). 2. The migration of formaldehyde from plastic containers to food products was 1800-3900 times higher in oil container and 3600-6900 times higher in large blue container than the acceptable maximum limit of formaldehyde migration (formaldehyde 0.1 mg/l). Also 27,0-39,17 mg/l of formalin were determined in the oil container and37,67-53,43 mg/l of formalin were measured in large blue plastic container and its concentration increased over time of storage. It shows that these plastic containers can not be used for keeping drinking water and food products. 3. Lead (122-250 times higher) and cadmium (10-53 times higher) migration from aluminum container was higher than the acceptable maximum limit of national standard NMS 900-2005.4. Iron (58-90 times higher), lead (240-360 times) and cadmium (33-70 times) migration from metal container were detected higher than the acceptable maximum limit of national standard NMS 900-2005.5. The migration of formaldehyde from pure water container was 2922-28000 times higher than the acceptable maximum limit of Russian’s hygienist direction approved in 1971 (reference level is 0.1mg/l of formaldehyde).

Goal: To conduct mercury-based medical devises used in health care organizations and develop strategy and recommendations on futher activityMaterial and Methods:A cross-sectional study design was used. Totally 578 units of 38 governmental and private health care organizations inUlaanbaatar, Darkhan, Erdenet cities and Uvurkhangai aimags were conducted in the survey. The survey was conductedby means of a questionnaire given to the medical workers and doctors to complete. There were 3 parts of questions. Thefirst part of the questionnaire dealth with the use of mercury-based medical devices, working, transportation and storageconditions, and waste management. The second section was concerned with knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) ofmedical personals for safety handling, storage and disposal of mercury containing devices. The third part of the questionnairedealth with the dental amalgam.Mercury concentration of dental amalgam samples were detected by portable mercury vapor analyser RP-91, PYRO-915+ in the Poison Information Center of Public Health Institute. Data processing was done by using statistical programSPSS-10.Conclusions:1. Mercury containing devices such as thermometer, blood pressure sphygmomanometer, energy saving fluorescencelamp and termostates were used in urban and rural hospitals. There are not any regulations for safe handling,storage, and transportation and disposal system of mercury containing divices.2. Knowledge on handling, storaging and disposing mercury based devices are not enough among the medical personals.The current situations for inapproiprate disposal system can be posed to increase riskes of environmentalpollution with mercury.3. Knowledge on health impact of spilled mercury from broken mercury based medical devices is not enoughamong the medical workers. Safety manual for handling, storage and disposal of mercury based medical devicesand promotion materials for health adverse effect and prevention methods have not been developed.4. 14.7% of the investigated dental hospitals and cabinets were used dental amalgam for treatment. Of these wasinvolved the fist stage hospitals. Dental amalgams were imported from China and Russia. Any special recommendationsand rules for safe use, storage and disposal of dental amalgam have not developed.

Goal: To make mercury exposure assessment among private gold miners, who live in Jargalant and Bornuur soums ofTuv province.Objectives:1. To collect human bio-samples, including hair, urine and blood, then determine mercury concentrations.2. To asess the mercury exposure situation for those of two soum civilizationsMaterials and MethodsThe MoH-lead investigations were undertaken in collaboration with the Institute of Public Health from UMIT University in Hall, Austria as well as national Mongolian partners from the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA), the National Public Health Institute , the and other institutions. The Mongolian WHO office supported the mission. The urine samples were analyzed by the Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Munich, (LMU) Germany and the National Institute for Minamata Disease, Japan. The blood samples were analyzed by the Chemical Hazards and Poisons Division, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, HPA, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, UK through the Health and Safety Laboratory, Harpur Hill, Buxton, Derbyshire, UK.Results and Conclusions• The median level of mercury in urine for the control area is 0.10 μg/l, compared to 2.88 μg/l for the group exposed by living in the area and 4.37 μg/l for the group working with mercury. The blood results do differ significantly as well (median 0.24 μg/l for control group, median 0.33 μg/l for the group living in an exposed area, median 0.55 μg/l for the group working with mercury).• The hair results do differ significantly as well (median 0.11/0.08 (root/tip) μg/l for control group, median 0.0.25/0.19 (root/tip) μg/l for the group living in an exposed area, median 0.31/0.26 (root/tip) μg/l for the group working with mercury).• Laboratory tests performed on urine, blood and hair samples collected in Bornuur and Jargalant Soum indicate that the population is very likely to have been recently exposed to mercury. The participants from Bornuur soum and Jargalant soum show results above HBM I to a high percentage and even above HBM II, indicating a much higher exposure to mercury compared to Khushaat soum.

Objectives : The aim of the study were evaluate the overweight changes and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women and diagnose GDM. Materials and Method: We’re studied by questionare (demographic data, history of previous during the pregnancy, ) 2 groups and 16 questions , physical examination, body measurementsand blood pressure measurements. Laboratory testing of blood glucose, defined Hba1c and glucose tolerance test done. Results: This study included 200 pregnant women. 1. Pregnant women, mean age 27.09±5.2 years old, mean duration of pregnancy 22.1±9.3 weeks, pre-pregnancy body mean weight 60.4± 11.1kg, mean weight was 70.2± 13.1kg, pre-pregnancy mean BMI 22.6±3.7kg/m2 pregnancy mean BMI of 25.8± 4.1kg/m2 increased. The mean systolic blood pressure 116.8± 22.1mm Hg and mean diastolic blood pressure 70.1± 13.4mm.Hg significantly. 2. By laboratory examination fasting plasma glucose 5.1± 1.3mmoli / l, after 2 hours OGTT test mean 6.6± 2.1mmoli / l, HbA1c mean 5.6± 1.2mmol / l. Conclution: 1. Our findings indicate that high maternal weight is associated with a substantially higher risk of Gestation diabetes mellitus. 2. The study found out that 5.5% or 11 women out of the all surveyed women had a diabetes mellitus type 2 and 8% or 16 women of them were diagnosed as they had gestation diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To compare the nature of pregnancy and deliveryin women with leiomyoma who were treated with uterine artery embolization to the outcomes in women who were treated with abdominal myomectomy. Material and Methods: A prospective, clinical study was conducted in 2010-2013 at “Urguu” Maternity Hospital, Ulaanbaatar. 94 women meeting the criteria were selected for the study. Post-treatment, the patients were reviewed for a period of two years. Uterine artery embolization was performed using polyvinyl alcohol particles (300-500 µm in diameter). Results: The percentage of conception in UAE group was 25.5% and 31.9% in myomectomy group (p=0.494); complication of pregnancy was 50.0% and 57.1% respectively (p=0.729); complication of delivery was 33.3% and 0.0% respectively (p=0.047). 88.9% and 90.0% (p=0.596) had Caesarean delivery. 16 (84.2%) women had uncomplicated and 3 (15.8%) women had complicated delivery due to placenta praevia, placenta acreta and uterine hypotonia. These cases all belonged to UAE group. Conclusion Pregnancy rates in women with leiomyoma who were treated by uterine artery embolization, compared with pregnancies after abdominal myomectomy, were similar.(p=0.494) In this study, there was the rate of Cesarean delivery above 80 percent in both group. There were no differences in newborn weights and Apgar scores.

The Rhythm of the Normal and Abnormal Deliveries of the Mongolian Womens Normal deliveries of mongolian women have orderly rhythmic oscillations which can be characterized by 24 hours, months, seasons and years. In the complicated deliveries the phases of biorhythms have been shifted and resulted in desynchronosis. Climatic and geliogeophizic factors had also effect on the frequency of complicated deliveries. Among common complications of the delivery and childbirth, preeclampsia, prolonged labor or dystocia due to insufficient labor and delivery forces, obstetric hemorrhage show seasonal and multi-year rhythms' characteristic to geographical regions and climatic conditions.
Delivery ; Obstetric ; Uterine Contraction

A minerals and vitamins are essential in intracellular biological activity. Insufficiency of mineral and vitamin in human body cause risk to functional deficiency of organs. Specially, pregnant, breast feeding, infants, younger, adolescents, vegetarians, elders and patients with chronic disease are having insufficiency of vitamins and minerals.Due to insufficiency and overdose of minerals and vitamins are both negative effect to human body, so balanced food is recommended. However, a right feeding should not be confused with following other locals’ habit blindly. If you are pregnant or planning to get have baby, first thing you need to measure minerals and vitamins. Then identify to need of vitamins and minerals, usage is crucial for pregnancy period and normal growth of future infants.

Abstract This article included overview of study of Traditional Mongolian prescription Sugmel-7.
The uses of traditional medicine Sugmel-7 collected by Classic books of Mongolian traditional medicine, Prescription of Mongolian traditional medicine textbooks. Overview modern medicine study of Sugmel-7 searched by online Chinese fund of knowledge, research materials of Inner Mongolian University of nationalities. It would be provided traditional prescription Sugmel-7 future study clarification.