Objective To explore the effectiveness of the cumulative sum (CUSUM) and the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) for early warning of influenza epidemic using two datasets of reported influenza cases and influenza-like illness (ILI) cases. Methods Using the reported cases of influenza and ILI in Daxing District, Beijing, from week 23 of 2018 to week 22 of 2024 as data sets, the CUSUM and EWMA models were established, respectively. The positive rate of influenza etiology was used as the ^“gold standard^”, and the Youden index was used as the evaluation index to compare the early warning effect of the two models under different data sets and different parameters. Results In CUSUM, the optimal Youden indices of the reported influenza cases set and the ILI cases set were 0.751 and 0.635, respectively. In EWMA, the optimal Youden indices of the reported influenza cases set and the ILI cases set were 0.544 and 0.464, respectively. The optimal EWMA and CUSUM models could both issue early warning signals in advance of the ^“gold standard^”. Conclusion In the influenza epidemic early warning in Daxing District, Beijing, the CUSUM model established with the reported cases of influenza can achieve good early warning effects, but the model parameters need to be dynamically adjusted according to the local epidemic characteristics.

Objective:To systematic review the relationships between the expression of osteopontin (OPN) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its clinicopathologic feature with meta-analyses.Methods: The published studies in the PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMbase, CBM, CNKI, VIP and WanFang databases were searched, at the time, the documents retrospective method was adopted, and then a series researches about the relationships between the expression of OPN and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its clinicopathologic feature were collected. The Jan., 2017 was the deadline of search. The study arranged two researcher to screen documents as the standards of inclusion and exclusion, and extract data and evaluate the quality of methodology for these included documents. The RevMan 5.2 was applied to analyze these data in this Meta analysis.Results: A total of 12 case control studies were included, which included 782 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in case group and 700 persons in control group. The results of Meta analysis showed the OR of the expression of OPN between cases group and control group was 52.71, and its 95% confidence interval (CI) was 17.95-154.79. Besides, the OR of the expression of OPN between clinical Ⅰ-Ⅱ stage group and clinical Ⅲ-Ⅳ stage group was 0.20, and its 95% (CI) was 0.07-0.60. The OR of the expression of OPN between group with lymph node metastasis and group without lymph node metastasis was 6.37, and its CI was 3.64-11.15. The OR of the expression of OPN between T1+T2 group and T3+T4 group was 0.31, and its 95% (CI) was 0.15-0.64. The differences of the expression of OPN among various group had statistically significant.Conclusion:Current evidence indicates that the expression level of OPN is significantly correlated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its clinicopathologic features. Due to the limited quantity of documents and quality of included studies, above conclusions need to be verified by conducting more high quality studies.