Using albino rats weighing 210-280 and 300-400 grams, identical experiments were carried out twice to study the effect of dietary protein level on the nitrogen regeneration of the liver. The rats were divided into two groups and were fed ad libitum with 20% and 10% casein diets respectively. During the preliminary,period of three weeks, the average food consumption of rats in both groups were the same. Both diets were found to be adequate in maintaining the body weight of the animals.The experiment was continued for three consecutive periods: the normal period (7 days), the fasting period (2 days) and the regeneration period (4 days). During the normal and regeneration periods the rats were fed with their respective original diets. At the end of each period, the body weights of the animals were determined and one third of the animals in each group were killed for analysis of liver nitrogen. In the first experiment nitrogen balance in each period was also determined and in the second experiment some internal organs other than liver were weighed.It was found that the level of protein in the diet had no effect on the body weight or the weight of the internal organs, but had significant effect on nitrogen balance and the content of nitrogen in the liver. The liver nitrogen fell to the same level after two days fasting irrespective of the original content. Significant correlation was found between nitrogen balance and food intake of the rats in the 10% casein group, and between the liver nitrogen content and food intake in the 20% casein group. As the energy intakes of both groups in the two experiments were above 1200 Cal. per square meter of body surface, the effect of nitrogen retention could not be due to the caloric intake (Benditt et al) but to the net amount of protein ingested. The possibility of using a 10% level diet for estimating the biological value of protein with the method of nitrogen regeneration in liver is discussed.

Owing to the deficiency of lysine in zein, the hydrolysate of this protein was used as the main source of amino acids in the preparation of the medium for microbiological estimation of lysine using Lcuconostoc mcsentcroides P-60. as the test ing microorganisms. Suitable quantities of tryptophane, arginine, cystine, glycine and serine were used to supplement the medium.The maximum rate of acid production by the microorganism in this medium is much higher than that in the medium used by Horn et al for the same purpose. The latter medium shows a rapid increase of acid production up to 80 ?g lysine per innoculated test, while our new medium gives a continuous increase of acid production up to 120?g. Thus, the range in which the amino acid can be estimated in much extended.Parallel analysis was made on 25 food samples with our new medium as well as those published in the literature. In 11 cases, the agreement was within 10%; in 13 cases, the results obtained with' our new medium were about 10% higher; and in only 1 case, the new medium gave a lower result. These differences are not due to routine analytical error as repeated estimation gave similar results.

Weaning rats were divided into three groups. The first group were fed on a synthetic diet deficient in riboflavin. The second group were fed on the same diet but supplemented with riboflavin, and the quantity of the ration was limited to that of the paired animal in the first group. The third group were also on the riboflavin supplemented diet, but fed ad libitum.It was found that anorexia rapidly developed in the deficient animals and thus caused retardation of growth. However, the appetite was quickly restored as soon as riboflavin was supplied. From the results obtained with the pair feeding method, the growth of the deficient animal is somewhat less than the paired control.There was no effect of riboflavin deficiency on nitrogen equilibrium of the rats and on storage of protein in the liver. There was a slight decrease of ammonia nitrogen excretion in the urine during riboflavin deficiency. Slight increase of urinary amino nitrogen was observed only in the early stage of deficiency.

The volume of blood serum originally required for the estimation of alkaline phosphatase by Boclanaky's method has been reduced from 1.0 ml to 0.02 ml. The results obtained with this micro method were in close agreement with those obtained from the original macro procedure. Using this improved method the activity of the serum alkaline phosphatase of 144 apparently normal infants aged from 1-0 months were determined, giving an average value of .11.3 Bodansky units per 100 ml serum which is slightly higher than those found in the literature.

Vegetarian and mixed diets, supplying about 3000 Cal. and 8,5 gms. of protein daily, were given alternately to 6 adult men of 22-34 years old. In the vegetarian diet, composed of cereals, legumes and vegetables, about 20% of the total protein were supplied by the legumes. In the mixed diet, the legumes and part of the cereals of the above were replaced by meats, eggs and milk, furnishing about 50% of the total protein. The experiment consisted of 5 consecutive periods of 10 days each in the first three periods and 5 days each in the last two.Urinary nitrogen excretion of the experimental subjects during the period on vegetarian diet was lower than that on mixed diet. When the diet was changed from vegetarian to the mixed ration, urinary nitrogen remained low in the first two days and increased from the third day. However, when the change of diet was reversed, there was an immediat'e decrease of nitrogen excretion. The nitrogen balance was in favour of the vegetarian diet.The essential amino acid contents of the vegetarian diet were lower than that of the mixed diet. Therefore, better utilization of the protein in the vegetarian diet cannot be satisfactorily explained by essential amino acid index. With adequate caloric intake, 85 gms. of protein supplied daily either by vegetarian or by mixed diet may maintain nitrogen balance and protein storage in adult man.

Weanling rats were placed on ribofiavin deficient diet containing 10 and 20% casein. After the cessation of growth and the development of symptoms of ariboflavinosis, the rata were divided into four groups and were fed the deficient diet supplemented with 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg of riboflavin per kg of diet. The animals were housed individually in raised bottom cages. Observations were made on the animal for food intake, growth rate, nitrogen and riboflavin contents of the liver and the urinary excretion of riboflavin. In one experiment, the activity of the liver xanthine oxidaae was also determined.The result shows that 2.0 mg riboflavin per kg of the diet is required for maximum growth rate and food intake, whether the dietary protein level is 10% or 20%. However, at the above level of riboflavin, there is a high urinary excretion of the vitamin when the dietary protein is at 10%. With a 20% casein diet, this phenomenon can only be observed with a higher vitamin supplementation level, i. e. 4 mg/kg of the diet.There is no difference in the riboflavin content of liver among different groups of rats fed with 10% casein diet, however, it increases with the increasing amount of riboflavin supplementation when the casein level is at 20%. At the lower level of vitamin supplementation the riboflavin content in the liver of rats on 10% casein diet is higher than that of the animals on 20% casein or 10% egg albumin diet. The activity of xanthine oxidase varies with the quantity and quality of the protein, and does not depend on the riboflavin content of the liver.The nitrogen content of the liver is independant of dietary riboflavin.

Diet survey in this country has indicated that the adequacy of the supply of vitamin B is mainly determined by the quantity of this vitamin presence in the staple food consumed. Analysis of milled kaoliang grain obtained in the market shows a much lower than adequate content of the vitamin. In a previous report, it has been shown that the distribution of various nutrients in this grain is similar to those in other cereals. It is apparent that the study of the effect of the milling process on the nutritive value of kaoliang is of considerable importance both to the improvement of human nutrition and to the conservation of this staple cereal.Experiment was made by running a quantity of red kaoliang sample eight times through a standard commercial mill. Samples were withdrawn after each run for determining the amount of various parts of the grain retained and for the analysis of thiamin, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, protein, fat, crude fibre and xylose. The weight of the whole grain removed was also estimated.More than 70％ of the pericarp was found to have been removed in the first run. When 20％ of the total weight was removed, the amount of pericarp left was negligible. This was in accordance with the loss of crude fibre and xylose which showed a greater rate of removal during the first few millings.With the increase of the degree of milling, the ateurone layer, the scutellum and the embryo were removed nearly at a similar rate. At the earlier stage of milling, the loss of thiamin was at a lower rate than that of nicotinic acid and riboflavin. After 15％ of the bran had been removed, its loss became more rapid and ran parallel with that of nicotinic acid, while the removal of riboflavin was at a comparatively lower rate. This can be satisfactorily explained by the uneven distribution of these vitamins in different parts of the grain.The percentage of fat removed at different stages of milling was about the same as that of riboflavin. High degree of milling also caused a lower content of protein in the grain.For better controlling the degree of milling and for reducing the friction in the milling process, a laboratory mill was used in a second experiment. The results obtained were nearly similar to those stated above with the exception of a better retention of scutellum during the early stage of milling.It is suggested that 80％ extraction is likely to be the most rational degree of milling. Owing to the differences between varieties, this may be varied accordingly.It seems that the content of xylose may be used as an index for the degree oi milling.

The eight essential amino acid contents of nineteen legumes and cereals of different varieties have been determined with the microbiological methods The methionine and lysine contents of cereals are in general lower than that of animal products. However, the methionine in spiked millet (糜子米) and in panicled millet (小米) and lysine in buck wheat (荞麦) are high. Methionine, tryptophane and isoleucine of the legumes are in general lower than those of the animal products.Past dietary surveys have been re-examined in the light of these analytical results, and a more accurate estimate of the nutritional status of the population, with respect to protein is thereby available.

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BACKGROUND:Pathological change and compression of multiple vertebra often occur following senile osteoporosis,myeloma and metastatic tumor.However,there are few studies concerning treatment of multiple vertebral lesion shaping.OBJECTIVE:To explore therapeutic efficacy,announcements of multiple pathological thorax-lumbar vertebrae treated with once only percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP).DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:The observational experiment.Patients were selected from the Department of Spinal Surgery,Department of Rehabilitation,and Department of Tumor,Taihe Hospital from November 2004 to October 2008.PARTICIPANTS:A total of 31 patients from the Department of Spinal Surgery,Department of Rehabilitation,and Department of Tumor,Taihe Hospital with senile osteoporosis combined with compression fracture,general lymphadenomatosis of bones and osteolytic metastatic tumor,14 males,17 females,with an age of 56-82 years old.METHODS:Thirty-one cases of multiple pathological thorax-lumbar vertebrae were treated with PVP.Following local anesthesia,affected vertebral body underwent vertebrae root puncturation.Under strict monitoring,bone cement was injected into the vertebral body in order.Following surgery,vertebral body condition and patients' reaction were observed.Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated 1 week following surgery.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The following parameters were measured:centrum puncture success ratio,disposable centrum forming number,bone cement injection quantity,centrum bone cement distribution situation,leakage of bone cement to soft tissue and vein surrounding the vertebra,ache alleviation,and complications.RESULTS:A total of 75 vertebroplasy was used 33 times,2 vertebral bodies at least once only,and 5 vertebral bodies at most once only,with an average of 2.27 vertebral bodies once only.4-12 mL of bone cement was injected in each vertebral body,averagely 7.5 mL.Uniformity injection was done in 49 cases,and partial injection in 26 cases.Without serious complications,all the patients relieved in local pain parts following surgery.Significant remission or disappearance was determined in 20 cases,and partial remission in 11 cases.CONCLUSION:PVP is a safe and effective method in treatment of multiple pathological thorax-lumbar vertebrae.The key of operation is reasonable injection and thorough monitoring.