In order to evaluate the expression of HLA-DR antigen in glandular cells in eutopic and ectopic endometrium in patients with endometriosis, 19 infertile patients with endometriosis were analyzed immunohistochemically by labelled streptavidin biotin (LSAB) method. Nineteen infertile patients without endometriosis were studied as controls. The results showed that the expression of HLA-DR antigen in the glandular cells in both eutopic and ectopic endometrium was increased significantly as compared with that in the controls (P < 0.01). It is likely that aberrant expression of HLA-DR antigen in endometriotic tissue is involved in abnormal immunogenesis of endometriosis.
Endometriosis/complications ; Endometriosis/*immunology ; Endometrium/*immunology ; HLA-DR Antigens/*immunology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Infertility/complications ; Infertility/*immunology ; Pelvis

In order to evaluate the expression of HLA-DR antigen in glandular cells in eutopic and ectopic endometrium in patients with endometriosis, 19 infertile patients with endometriosis were analyzed immunohistochemically by labelled streptavidin biotin (LSAB) method. Nineteen infertile patients without endometriosis were studied as controls. The results showed that the expression of HLA-DR antigen in the glandular cells in both eutopic and ectopic endometrium was increased significantly as compared with that in the controls (P < 0.01). It is likely that aberrant expression of HLA-DR antigen in endometriotic tissue is involved in abnormal immunogenesis of endometriosis.
Adult ; Endometriosis ; complications ; immunology ; Endometrium ; immunology ; Female ; HLA-DR Antigens ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Infertility ; complications ; immunology ; Pelvis

In addition to regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism to maintain strong bones, vitamin D also has immune regulating and anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, it is related to chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases and cancer. Many studies indicate the roles of vitamin D in the development and progression of endometriosis including the effects on modulation of immune responses, inflammation reactions, cell proliferation and apoptosis, angiogenesis, adhesion and invasion. Vitamin D supplementation can relieve pain and improve endometrial receptivity associated with endometriosis and play a preventive and therapeutic role. This paper summarizes the roles of vitamin D in endometriosis.
Autoimmune Diseases ; physiopathology ; Endometriosis ; physiopathology ; Endometrium ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation ; physiopathology ; Vitamin D ; immunology ; metabolism

This study examined the effects of Bangdeyun on the expressions of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the endometrium of mice with embryo implantation dysfunction (EID) during the implantation time (namely on pregnancy day 5, 6, 7 and 8) and explored the local immune regulatory effects of Bangdeyun. The gestational mice were randomly divided into normal group, model group and Bangdeyun-treated group. EID models of mice were established by using indomethacin. The endometrial expression of NF-kappaB was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. IFN-gamma and IL-10 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that in the normal group, NF-kappaB and IFN-gamma were weakly expressed and IL-10 was strongly expressed in the endometrium during the whole implantation period. In the model group, the expressions of NF-kappaB and IFN-gamma were increased on pregnancy day 5, 6 and 7, and IL-10 expression decreased during the whole implantation time when compared with those in the normal group (P<0.01 for all). In the Bangdeyun-treated group, little amount of NF-kappaB and IFN-gamma was expressed and IL-10 expression was strong, much the way they were expressed in the normal group (P>0.05). The expressions of NF-kappaB and IFN-gamma were much lower in the Bangdeyun-treated group than those in the model group on pregnancy day 5, 6 and 7 (P<0.01 for all), while the expression of IL-10 was much higher than in the model group during the whole implantation time (P<0.01). It was suggested Bangderun may favor a shift from Th1- to Th2-type immune response, therefore inhibiting the maternal immune rejection, inducing the immune tolerance and improving the fetal implantation.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/*pharmacology ; Embryo Implantation, Delayed/*drug effects ; Embryo Implantation, Delayed/immunology ; Endometrium/*immunology ; Endometrium/metabolism ; Interferon-gamma/genetics ; Interferon-gamma/metabolism ; Interleukin-10/genetics ; Interleukin-10/metabolism ; NF-kappa B/genetics ; NF-kappa B/metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect and mechanism of Jiawei Foshou San on the accretion ectopic endometrium of rats.

METHODEndometriosis model was established by surgical implant of endometrial tissue which belongs to its body in rats. Jiawei Foshou San was administrated to the model rats. Twenty-eight days later, the length of ectopic endometrium was measured by vernier caliper, the spleen was weighed by electronic balance, the content of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in blood serum and peritoneal fluid was detected by ELISA test, the expression of interleukin (IL)-8 in ectopic endometrium was detected by immunohistochemical method, the expression of NF-kappaB p65 protein and inhibitory KBalpha (IkappaBalpha) protein in ectopic endometrium were analyzed by western blot.

RESULTJiawei Foshou San 0.045, 0.09, 0.18 g x kg(-1) group reduced the volume of ectopic endometrium. Jiawei Foshou San 0.18 g x kg(-1) group raised the spleen exponent of model rats. Jiawei Foshou San 0.09, 0.18 g x kg(-1) group decreased the content of TNF-alpha in blood serum and peritoneal fluid, and the content of IL-8 in ectopic endometrium was also decreased. Jiawei Foshou San can decrease the expression of NF-KB p65 and increase the expression of IkappaBalpha in ectopic endometrium.

CONCLUSIONJiawei Foshou San can inhibit the accretion of endometriosis implants of rats, and its mechanism might be associated with improving the environment of body.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Endometriosis ; drug therapy ; genetics ; immunology ; Endometrium ; drug effects ; immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-8 ; genetics ; immunology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo prepare a new targeted liposome ultrasonic contrast agent with anti-KDR antibody that binds specifically with KDR as the main receptor of VEGF and evaluate its physical characteristics, biological activity and specific binding capability in vitro.

METHODSA sonicator was used to prepare the biotinylated lipid micro-bubbles (MB-B), and biotin-avidin-mediated technique was used for attachment of anti-mouse KDR monoclonal antibody to the micro-bubble shell to generate MB-BAB-KDR. MB-BAB-KDR was incubated with fluorescent second antibody to assess the link condition, and the control groups were the MB-B and micro-bubbles with the antibody alone (MB-B-KDR). A parallel plate flow chamber system was used to characterize micro-bubbles attachment efficiency to KDR Fc.

RESULTSThe surface of the micro-bubbles could carry KDR antibody through the biotin-avidin bridge and MB-BAB-KDR were spherical and well-distributed. After incubation with the second antibody, MB-BAB-KDR could be observed to emit bright green fluorescence (Grade II) as compared with little or weak fluorescence in the control MB-B group (Grade 0) and MB-B-KDR group (Grade I). Targeted micro-bubbles bound to KDR Fc increased as the KDR Fc concentration increased (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe targeted liposome contrast agent linked with KDR antibody by biotin-avidin bridge we prepared shows an increased binding number as the KDR Fc concentration increases, which provides a novel approach to molecular imaging study of endometrial receptivity.

Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Contrast Media ; chemistry ; Endometrium ; physiology ; Female ; Liposomes ; chemistry ; Mice ; Microbubbles ; Molecular Imaging ; Sonication ; Ultrasonography ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of combined therapy of Neiyi pill (NP) and Neiyi enema (NE) on endometriosis and its effect on serum levels of endometrial antibody (EMAB) and carcinoembryonic antigen 125 (CA125).

METHODSFifty-eight cases with endometriosis were divided into 3 groups randomly, group A (n = 16) treated by NP, group B (n = 24) treated by NP and NE, and group C (n = 18) treated by danazol, all for 3 menstrual cycle with single blind method. The effect was observed and the serum levels of EMAB and CA125 were detected before and after treatment.

RESULTSComparison of the efficacy between the 3 groups showed: there was no remarkable difference between group A and B (P >0.05), both of group A and group B were superior to that of group C (P<0.05). The levels of EMAB and CA125 had no significant changes in all the three groups after treatment.

CONCLUSIONCombined therapy of NP and NE could improve the curative effect on endometriosis, and without obvious effects on serum levels of EMAB and CA125.

Administration, Rectal ; Adult ; Autoantibodies ; blood ; CA-125 Antigen ; blood ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Endometriosis ; blood ; drug therapy ; Endometrium ; immunology ; Enema ; Female ; Humans ; Phytotherapy ; Single-Blind Method ; Tablets

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Xiaochaihu Decoction (XCHD) on ectopic endometrium in rats with endometriosis and its mechanism.

METHODSThe rat model of endometriosis was established and rats were divided into 5 groups, the low dosage of XCHD group (5 g x kg(-1) x d(-1) , n = 10) , the medium dosage of XCHD group (10 g x kg(-1) x d(-1), n =10), the high dosage of XCHD group (15 g x kg(-1) x d(-1), n = 10) , the danazol group(0. 1 g x kg(-1) x d(-1), n =9) and the control group(20 ml x kg(-1) x d(-1) distilled water, n = 10). After treated for four successive weeks, the effect of XCHD on ectopic endometrium was evaluated by observing the changes in transmission electron microscopy. Fas and Caspase-3 protein expression in endometrium and endometriotic tissue were observed by immunohistochemistry method.

RESULTSEctopic endometrial growth was markedly inhibited (P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01) in all the XCHD groups; Fas and Caspase-3 protein expressions of ectopic endometrial tissue were higher than those in the endometrium.

CONCLUSIONXCHD could inhibit the growth of the ectopic endometrium in rats with experimentally induced endometriosis. The therapeutic mechanism may be related to promoting the apoptosis in ectopic endometrial tissue by increasing Fas protein expression.

Animals ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Endometriosis ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Endometrium ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Female ; Rats ; fas Receptor ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Jiantaiye (JTY) on the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and ER mRNA in uterus of mice with embryo implantation dysfunction.

METHODSEmbryo implantation dysfunction mouse models were induced with mifepristone and treated with JTY. All animals were sacrificed on day 8 of pregnancy. The endometrial ER and ER mRNA expressions were assessed by immunnohistochemical SP method and semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTSArea ratio and absorbency of ER in the JTY treated group's gland and stroma were higher than those of the model group, quite similar to those of the normal control's, and ER mRNA expression in treated group's uterus was significantly higher than that in the models, but it was not significantly different from the normal control.

CONCLUSIONJTY improves the endometrial development by increasing ER and ER mRNA expressions of uterus of mice with embryo implantation dysfunction.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Embryo Implantation ; Endometrium ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Female ; Immunohistochemistry ; methods ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Pregnancy ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen ; genetics ; metabolism ; Staining and Labeling ; Tissue Distribution ; Uterine Diseases ; immunology ; physiopathology ; Uterus ; drug effects ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo observe the mechanism of Quyujiedu (QYJD, a method for removing stasis and detoxicating) in treating endometriosis of stasis-toxic syndrome type.

METHODSClinical study: Sixty patients were randomly divided into two groups, the treated group treated with QYJD and the control group treated with Danazol. The changes of clinical symptoms, physical signs, pregnancy rate, as well as levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and endometrial antibody (EMAb) in them before and after treatment were observed. Experimental study: Sixty rats were established into endometriosis model, and randomly divided into the QYJD treated group, the Danazol treated group for positive control and the untreated group for negative control to observe the expression of Bax.

RESULTSClinical study showed that in the treated group and the control group, after treatment, dysmenorrhea score were 2.40 +/- 1.85 and 3.47 +/- 2.03, the menoxenia score 1.67 +/- 2.04 and 3.73 +/- 1.72 (P < 0.05), and the pregnancy rate 63.2% and 23.5% respectively, the difference between them was significant (all P < 0.05). Both of the two treatments can rectify immunity, reduce levels of IL-1 and IL-6, and lower the positive rate of EMAb. Experimental study showed that QYJD could improve the expression of Bax in ectopic endometrium, but could not affect the on-side expression of Bax in endometrium and muscle tissue.

CONCLUSIONQYJD is effective in improving the stasis-toxic syndrome of endometriosis, its mechanism related with the regulation of the immune condition and the promotion of cell apoptosis in ectopic endometrium, indicating that QYJD is an effective remedy for endometriosis of stasis-toxic syndrome type.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Autoantibodies ; blood ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Endometriosis ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Endometrium ; immunology ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-1 ; blood ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley