Objective To evaluate the feasibility and results of laparoscopic thyroidectomy by oral and breast approach for the treatment of papillary throid carcinoma.Methods Thyoidectomy was performed in 26 cases,including 24 females and 2 males with the average age of 34 years (range 20-53 years).All patients were diagnosed throid carcinoma confirmed by FNA or B-mode ultrasound examination,a thyroid lobe or total thyroidectomy and central compartment dissection was performed by breast approach,then additional dissection of central compartment was completed through oral approach.Results Laparoscopic thyroidectomy via oral in combination with brest approach was performed successfully in all 26 cases.The mean operative time was (164 ± 13) min,including average time of oral approach of (40 ± 7) min.The mean number of lymph node dissection in central compartment was 7.42 ± 4.88,oral approach achieved additional 1.23 ± 2.21,with metastatic lymph nodes diseccted by oral approach in 3 cases.Conclusions Laparoscopic thyroidectomy via oral in combination with breast approach for the treament of papillary throid carcinoma is better than breast approach alone in central compartment dissection.

Objective To explore the clinicopathological characteristics of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms ( P-NENs) and the prognosis .Methods The clinicopathological data of 72 patients with P-NENs in Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital from December 2011 to September 2017 were analyzed retrospectively , and the gender, age, tumor size, local infiltration, neural invasion and distant metastasis were collected .According to the diagnostic criteria of P-NENs ( Chinese edition 2013 ) , tumor classification was determined by histological mitotic figure count and cell proliferation index ( Ki67 ) proliferation activity .Expressions of Syn , CgA, NSE and CD56 were determined by immunohistochemical staining .Results Seventy-two patients with P-NENs were enrolled, including 33.3％male(n=24) and 66.6％ female (n=48), and the median age was 56 years old (range:12-76).24 patients (33.3％) were NET G1,44 patients (61.1％) were NET G2 and 4 patients (5.6％) were NET G3.The mean size of tumor was 38.2 ±19.2 cm3 ( range:0.1-371 cm3 ). Immunohistochemistry staining positive rates for Syn , CgA, NSE and CD56 were 98.6％, 95.8％, 88.9％and 90.3％ respectively.Tumor classification was correlated with tumor size , local infiltration, perineural infiltration and distant (liver) metastasis (all P<0.05).There was no statistically significant differences on positive rate of Syn, CgA, NSE and CD56 among G1, G2 and G3.Conclusions Tumor classification, size, local invasion , perineural infiltration and distant ( liver ) metastasis were all important clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of P-NENs.Syn, CgA and Ki67 were essential immunohistochemical markers to diagnose P-NENs.

Objective To study the immunoregulatory effect of sodium butyrate(NaB)on T helper cell 17(Th17)and the effect on toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)signal pathway in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH).Methods Fifty male C57BL/6 mice(6 weeks of age)according to the random number table method divided into control group(n=10),AIH group(n=10),NaB group(n=10)and high roughage diet(HRD)group(n=10),and the other ten mice were used to extract hepatic sytosolic S-100.After the establishment of AIH model,mice in NaB group were given sodium butyrate 500 mg/(kg·d)by gavage and those in HRD group were fed with high-fiber stuff.After 3 weeks of treatment,all the mice were sacrificed.The pathological change was observed.The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate transaminase(AST),IL-17A and TNF-α,the proportion of Th17 in spleen,the expression levels of TLR4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88)in liver were observed in each group.The tests of normality and homogeneity of variance were used to compare the means of each group.One-way analysis of variance and multiple comparative analyses were used in the statistical analysis.Results HE staining showed that inflammatory cell infiltration and hepatocyte necrosis were significantly reduced in mice treated with NaB and HRD compared to AIH group.Serum ALT levels in control group,AIH group,NaB group and HRD group were(24.833 ± 2.229),(88.333 ± 9.543),(27.167 ± 3.189)and (29.833 ± 6.113)U/L,respectively,while AST levels in each group were(97.00 ± 14.953),(285.000 ± 35.434),(139.500 ± 38.976)and(127.167 ± 28.687)U/L,respectively.The differences among groups were all statistically significant(F=156.49 and 44.118,respectively,both P<0.01).The proportion of Th17 in spleen and the expressions of the transcription factors retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t in the spleen of the NaB group and HRD group were significantly lower than those of AIH group.The differences were statistically significantly(F=21.780 and 68.283,respectively,both P<0.05).The expressions of TLR4 and MyD88 in liver of AIH group were significantly higher than control group,but those were inhibited in NaB group and HRD group.The differences were statistically significantly(F= 26.235 and 28.293,respectively,both P<0.01).The expressions of IL-17 and TNF-α in liver and serum decreased in NaB group and HRD group.Conclusion NaB exerts an immunoregulatory effect in AIH and improves inflammatory reaction in liver.