No abstract available.
Encephalitis, Viral*

Introduction: The etiology of encephalitis involves an enormous range and can be classified as infectious or immune-mediated. There are several factors influencing its prognosis and has been associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This study aims to evaluate the clinico-epidemiologic characteristics and outcomes of infectious and immune-mediated encephalitis among pediatric patients. Methodology: Retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study that included patients aged 6 months to 17 years old with encephalitis in a tertiary hospital between January 2010 to December 2020 Results: A total of 23 cases were reviewed and 60.87% were infectious while that of immune-mediated was 39.13%. Among those with identified infectious cause, Mycoplasma pneumonia was the most common (28.57%). Infectious encephalitis was more common among younger males (35.71%) while immune-mediated affected female adolescents more (55.56%). The most common neurologic manifestation was altered mental status and/or behavioral changes. Treatment such as antibiotics (78.26%), anticonvulsant therapy (78.26%), and steroids (43.48%) were given. All immune-mediated cases received steroids. More than half of patients had complete recovery (56.52%). Conclusion Pediatric encephalitis should be considered among patients with neurologic dysfunction with or without systemic involvement. Behavioral changes in an apparently well child should prompt clinicians to consider anti-NMDAR encephalitis, especially if viral studies are negative and with no other known cause. Viruses remain to be the most common etiology, but other possible causes should be highly considered such as anti-NMDAR and Mycoplasma. A normal CSF analysis, imaging and/or encephalography (EEG) may not totally exclude encephalitis. Prognosis is relatively good hence an early diagnosis and initiation of appropriate management is important.
Encephalitis ; Infectious Encephalitis ; Encephalitis, Viral ; Mycoplasma

No abstract available.
Child* ; Encephalitis, Viral* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Encephalitis, Viral* ; Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis*

We describe a case of anterograde and retrograde amnesia resulting from probable herpes simplex encephalitis. In retrograde amnesia, dissociations not only between episodic and semantic memories, but also between semantic memories for personal and public things were observed. We postulated, using FDG-PET, that the former was caused by mesial temporal lesions, based on `multiple trace theory', and the latter, by bilateral lateral temporal lesions, which were probably related to the retrieval of semantic memory, especially for public things.
Amnesia, Retrograde* ; Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex ; Encephalitis, Viral* ; Humans ; Memory ; Semantics

The application of electron microscopy to the rapid diagnosis of viral infection is an important and integral part of diagnostic procedures. Negative staining with a solution of uranyl acetate, which is an electron-dense salt used to stain virus particles, fills the interstices of the virus surface giving the resulting electron micrograph. With ultrathin section was given that new viral encephalitis from cerebrospinal fluids of acute encephalitis syndrome patients a spherical, RNA virus, have enveloped virions about 50-60 min diameter. This virus was sensitivity with C6/36 clone of Aedes albopictus as well as many arboviruses.
Encephalitis, Viral ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Syndrome ; Microscopy, Electron

Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese ; Encephalitis, Viral ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Female ; Humans ; Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines ; immunology ; Male ; Vaccination

Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is the most common type of viral encephalitis and a fourteen day administration of acyclovir is well-known as the treatment of choice for HSE. Occasionally HSE relapses, but rarely with acyclovir treatment. We report a case of relapsing HSE after treatment with acyclovir for 14 days. Our case suggests that patients with progressive high signal intensities in diffusion-weighted brain MRIs might need longer antiviral therapy over 14 days for preventing the relapse of herpes simplex encephalitis.
Acyclovir ; Brain ; Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex* ; Encephalitis, Viral ; Herpes Simplex* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Recurrence

Reversible splenial lesion may occur in encephalitis rarely. A 21-year-old man was admitted with viral encephalitis. High signal on the diffusion MRI and low signal on the ADC map image was showed in the splenium. As the patient improved, the lesion suggestive of cytotoxic edema was completely resolved one month later. Although the concrete pathophysiology of focal cytotoxic edema in encephalitis is unclear yet, MRI is valuable diagnostic tool to manage encephalitis in the view of prognosis.
Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Diffusion* ; Edema ; Encephalitis* ; Encephalitis, Viral ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Prognosis ; Young Adult

Japanese encephalitis has been the leading cause of epidemic viral encephalitis in Korea. In 2010, 26 patients with Japanese encephalitis were documented in Korea. Patients older than 50 years accounted for 54% of this cohort, and none of the patients was younger than 10 years. The number of documented cases of Japanese encephalitis increased markedly in 2010 compared to the annual reported cases during the previous 10 years.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cohort Studies ; Encephalitis, Japanese ; Encephalitis, Viral ; Humans ; Korea