Objective To monitor the distribution and resistance of enteric pathogenic bacteria in Beijing area to offer the data for guiding epidemiologic study and clinical treatment. Methods Enteric pathogenic bacteria were cultured and identified to spicies, group, and serotype with the biochemical and serologic test. Then, the susceptibility of bacterium to antimicrobial agents were tested. Results Enteric pathogenic bacteria infection occurred with male, children, and youth being prominant. It peaked in June and July. Shigellae spp and Vibrio spp were the main pathogenic bacteria of intestinal tract. There presented difference among the sensitive rates of differential spicies, or groups to antimicrobial agents. Conclusions There are many spicies of enteric pathogenic bacteria causing infective diarrhea in Beijing area. Their distributions are different in sex, age and season. The is resistance rate are different needing surveillance.

[Objective]To investigate the expression of collagen type I and III at mRNA and protein level in the ligamentum teres of developmental dislocation of the hip(DDH) and the normal hip. [Method]There were 6 pairs joint laxity of patients of DDH group and normal control group with paired control of same sex and age.Semiquantity RT-PCR method was used to detect the COLlal and COL3al in the ligamentum teres at mRNA level. Western-Blot method was used to detect the COLlal and COL3al in the ligamentum teres at protein level. The quantitative analysis of the COLlal and COL3al were performed by professional image software and the results were analyzed with standard statistical methods.[Result]At both mRNA and protein level COLlal expression were decreased in the DDH group compared to the control group(P0.05).[Conclusion]The decreased collagen I expression at mRNA and protein level in the ligamentum teres of the children with DDH may lead to hip joint laxity.Hip joint laxity in DDH may be independent to the content of collagen III.

OBJECTIVE: To present our experience of manipulation under general anesthesia for treating postoperative hip joint stiffness in children.METHODS: 193 children (226 hips) with postoperative joint stiffness were retrospectively studied at the Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University from January 1978 to December 2005, comprising 53 males and 140 females, aged 1-14 years old. 226 hips with postoperative stiffness from open reduction of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) (155 cases with 188 hips) and capsulotomy for hip sepsis or tuberculosis (38 cases with 38 hips) were retrospectively reviewed. All patients laid on the surgical table supinately under general anesthesia. The assistant fixed the pelvic with palms. The operator manipulated the hip joint with 3 steps: flexed hip joint slowly and gently to 110°-120° or more; then abducted and externally rotated hip joint; adducted and internally rotated the hip. Then 3-step passive manipulation was repeated for once at least. As soon as the patient waked from general anesthesia, Continuous passive motion was applied for the affected hip with the range of motion increasing daily for 1-2 weeks. They were followed averagely 15 months (6-24 months) to evaluate the promoted range of motion in flextion-extension and adduction-abdduction.RESULTS: 186 hips (82.3%) succeeded in manipulation in addition to 34 failure hips (15%) and 6 hips (2.7%) with femoral neck fracture. The successful rate, promoted range of motion in group of ≤6-year-old and group of ≤12-month-duration from primary surgery were significantly higher, femoral neck fracture rate was less than those in group of >6 years of age and group of >12-month-duration from primary surgery.CONCLUSION: Passive manipulation under general anesthesia is a safe, uninvasive and effective method in treating postoperative hip stiffness in children. Younger age (≤6 years) and less duration from the primary surgery (≤12 months) would yield better result.

Objective:To establish a model of mandibular impact third molar extraction with common dental materials for pre-clinical trai-ning.Methods:Based on the characteristics of the common dental materials,the anatomy and extraction skill of mandibular impact third molar,the dental model for mandibular impact third molar extraction was designed and made.Then,this dental model was placed in the head-simulation model as required,and used by the dentists and the students.The questionnaire was designed and used to evalu-ate the effects of the model.Results:A new method of designing and making a dental model for mandibular impact third molar extraction with the common dental materials was established successfully.The questionnaire results showed that all the dentists and students agreed that this model could simulate the mandibular third molar extraction procedure.Conclusion:Simulation model of the mandibular third molar extraction can help students for the following clinical practice.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of Piezosurgery in split teeth extractions.Methods:A single-center,randomized,split-mouth study was performed using a consecutive serious of unrelated healthy patients attending the departing of oral and maxillofacial surgery,Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology.40 patients were selected for extraction of maxillary molars without reservation value,splitting or nonvital teeth.They were divided into control (20 patients)and test groups (20 pa-tients)randomly.Surgical treatments for both groups were under local anesthesia.Molar teeth of control group were extracted by common equipments like dental elevators,chisels,forceps,etc.While molar teeth of experimental group were extracted by Piezosurgery,aided with the use of common equipments if needed.Then we compared the duration of surgery,frequency of the usage of chisels,expansion of post-operative bony socket surgical discomfort and postoperative pain between two groups.Results:The ave-rage of operation time was (629.5 ±171.0)s in control group and (456.0 ±337.2)s in test group.The buccal alveolar bone reduced (1.07 ±0.64)mm in control group and (1.49 ±0.61)mm in test group. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P <0.05).The duration of surgery for experi-mental group was significantly longer than that of the control group,but the change of buccal alveolar bone was lower than the control group.For visual analogue scale (VAS)value of surgical discomfort,ex-pansion of postoperative bony socket and the operative fear rate,there were no significant difference be-tween the two groups (P >0.05).Conclusion:Piezosugery can be better to preserve alveolar bone,re-duce trauma and patient’s fear.Application of the piezosugery reflect the characteristics of minimally in-vasive extraction,which has the value of promotion.The Piezosurgery technique have the advantage of re-ducing change of buccal alveolar bone during the surgery,but a longer surgical time was required when compared with the conventional technique.VAS value of surgical discomfort,expansion of postoperative bony socket and the operative fear rate,there were no significant difference.Minimally invasive tooth ex-traction technique has good clinical results and high satisfaction.Piezosurgery proved its worth as the in-strument adapted to limiting the destruction of bone tissue.

Objective:To access the feasibility and safety of application of flexible laryngeal mask air-way ( FLMA) in oral&maxillofacial day surgery. Methods:Retrospective study was conducted of 40 oral& maxillofacial day surgery patients (3 to 61 years of age) using FLMA under general anaesthesia in De-partment of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology. All the patients were with American Society of Anesthesiologists ( ASA ) physical status Ⅰ -Ⅱ, including 19 males and 21 females. The patients' vital signs were recorded at five different time points:baseline before anesthesia ( T0 ) , time right after the FLMA insertion ( T1 ) , time at incision ( T2 ) , 15 min after incision ( T3 ) and time at the end of the operation ( T4 ) . The first attempted FLMA insertion successful rate and the number of timed of changing to endotracheal intubation were recorded. During operation, frequencies of movement, hypoxia and obstruction of airway were noted and the operation time, anesthesia time, time from the end of the operation to extubation, movement and coughing following extubation and sore throat within 24 h were taken down. Operation-related complications of bleeding, hematoma and injury of local nerves were recorded within 24 h as well. Results:The operations of all the 40 patients were successfully done under general anaesthesia. The 36 ( 90%, 36/40 ) patients using FLMA successfully were under steady process, including 16 males and 20 females. The first attempted successful rate of FLMA insertion was 80% (32/40), and the second 50% (4/8). Three out of the 4 failed FLMA patients were changed to endotracheal intubation after the second attempt failed. The other patient was changed to endotracheal intubation before operation because of leak. The average operation time was (46. 58 ± 22. 57) min, the anesthesia time was ( 77 . 97 ± 26 . 82 ) min and the time from the end of operation to extubation was (8. 31 ± 3. 33) min. All the patients were recorded without obvious body movement during the operation procedure. There were 4 patients (11. 11%, 4/36) with slight body movement during extubation. The incidence of sore throat was 13. 89% (5/36) within 24 h postoperatively. There were no complications of bleeding, hematoma and injury of local nerves. The vital signs of baseline T0 were significantly different from those at other time points T1, T2, T3, and T4 (P<0. 01). As to the hearts rate after anesthesia, the values at T1, T2, T3 and T4 for two-two comparison, there was no statistical difference (P>0. 05). As to the values of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure after anesthesia at T1 and T4 , T2 and T3, for two-two comparison, there was no statistical difference (P>0. 05). As to the respiratory rate from the start of the surgery, the values at T2, T3 and T4 showed no statistical difference (P>0. 05). Conclusion:Flexible laryngeal mask airway is a supraglottic airway management method. It is suitable and safe for securing the airway in oral & maxillofacial day surgery. The advantages of fewer haemody-namic changes and postoperative complications are confirmed.

Objective To establish a rapid and sensitive method for detection of urinary protein.Methods In B-R buffer solution with pH 4.2,the signals of resonance light scattering by Poncesu S (PS) combined with protein in ?ex=?em=306nm were detected.Results There was a linear relation between the scattering signals of resonance light,and the protein concentration ranged from 0 to-1500 mg/l. The regression equation was ?I=2.24c-0.41,r=0.999 and the detection limit was 1.48 mg/l. The average recovery was 102.8% and the between-and within-subject coefficients of variation were 2.09% and 5.40% respectively.No significant difference was found compared with the method of PS.Conclusion The established method in this study is a simple,rapid and high sensitive method for determination of urinary protein.

This study was aimed to optimize the extraction process of double-marker components for Arctium lappa L. The central composite design and response surface methodology was used. According to 3 main factors, the extraction rates of arctiin and arctigenin was used as evaluation indexes. Multiple linear regression and two-order polynomial equation were used. The binomial fitting model was performed in the optimization of arctiin and arctigenin extraction technology. The results showed that the indentified optimized extraction technology of arctiin and arctigenin was 70% ethanol, 24-fold, ultrasonic solvent extraction for 15 minutes. It was concluded that this technology was able to extract large amount of arctiin and arctigenin, which provided experiment evidences for arctiin and arctigenin preparation. It also provided references for the development and utilization of arctiin and arctigenin.

Objective To extract hyperoside from the leaves of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus by complex enzyme method, and optimize the extraction process by orthogonal experiment. Methods Hyperoside was determined by HPLC. Effects of temperature,α-amylase, neutral protease and cellulase on extraction rate were detected by the orthogonal tests, and the optimum extraction condition of hyperoside from the leaves of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus was determined by complex enzyme method. Results The main influence factor was temperature,follows byα-amylase, neutral protease and cellulase according to orthogonal analysis.The best condition was as follows: dose of cellulase, neutral protease and α-amylase was 2%, 0. 5% and 3%, respectively, extract at temperature of 30 ℃for 10 min. Under this condition, the extraction rate of hyperoside in the leaves of Acanthopanax senticosus was 0.52%. Conclusion As compared with the traditional technics, compound enzyme increases the productivity of hyperoside.

Objective To investigate antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli (E.coli )isolated from patients with bloodstream infection,and provide evidence for rational use of antimicrobial agents in clinical practice.Methods BacT/A-lert automated blood culture system and VITEK 2 automated identification system were used for bacterial culture and identi-fication.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs)-producing strains were performed by Kirby-Bauer method.Results From 2009 to 2011 ,a total of 235 strains of E.coli were isolated from patients with bloodstream infection,90 (38.30%)of which were ESBLs positive strains.The resistant rates of ESBLs-producing strains to ampicillin,cefotaxime and ceftriaxone were all 100%,but susceptibility rate to imi-penem/cilastatin and meropenem were all 100%,to cefmetazole and amikacin were >90%.The resistant rate of non-ESBLs-producing strains to ampicillin was the highest (70.63%),susceptibility rate to imipenem/cilastatin and meropenem were both 100%,to amikacin,cefotaxime,and cefmetazole were all >95%.The resistant rate of ES-BLs-producing strains was significantly higher than that of the non-ESBLs-producing strains.Ofβ-lactamase inhibi-tor,only susceptibility rate of ESBLs-producing E.coli to cefoperazone/sulbactam was>90%,susceptibility rates to piperacillin/tazobactam and ticarcillin/clavulanate were both<80%.Conclusion Antimicrobial resistant rate of ESBLs-producing strains causing bloodstream infection is high,individualized treatment strategies should be made according to antimicrobial resistance of bacteria causing infection in patients.