Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy

Autophagy is a degradation process of intracellular composition.It can be divided into four different stages,including initiation,elongation,maturation and autophagosome breakdown.Its role is associated with the degree of cell damage.Moderate activation of autophagy in the case of starvation and hypoxia can promote cell survival; whereas excessive activation during cerebral ischemia can cause cell lysis and promote cell death.Preconditioning may produce ischemic tolerance by appropriate activation of autophagy.Autophagy is strictly regulated by a variety of protein kinases,apoptotic molecules and oxidative stress pathways.

Protein kinase B (PKB), a serine/threonine kinase Akt, regulates many vital cellular functions, such as cell apoptosis, cell cycle progression and glucose metabolism, etc. Akt/PKB carries out these functions mainly through phosphorylation of a number of cellular substrates. As one of the important substrates of Akt, FOXO transcription factors have attracted more and more attention in regulating cell cycle and apoptosis. FOXO transcription factors are primarily regulated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signal pathway via phosphorylation,and re-positioning accompanied by sub-cellular distribution. This article reviews the role of FOXO transcri ption factors in neuronal apoptosis after cerebral ischemia.

A robust, direct, rapid and non-destructive X-ray diffraction crystallography method for detecting the Tibetan medicine Zuotai is presented. Powder samples of Zuotai, cinnabar and calomel were unambiguously characterized using powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD) by comparing a practical identification of metacinnabar in the analyzed material, which confirmed the present of metacinnabar in Zuotai. At the same time, 11 strong lines in the fingerprint of Zuotai were selected to indicate the effective constituents of Zuotai, which were listed in the form of d-( I/I0 )%: metacinnabar 3.356 4/100, 2.061 4/55.0, 2.911 8/35.0, 1.760 1/37.0, 1.339 5/12.0, 1.304 5/10.0, 1.192 0/10.0, 1.683 4/7.0, 1.458 0/5.6. sulfur 3.824 4/100, 3.197 5/40.2, 3.442 2/38.1, 3.095 6/19.7, 5.690 9/16.8, 2.851 0/16.3, 2.414 4/11.3. The results showed that mercury chemical state is metacinnabar with sulfur in Tibetan medicine Zuotai. This method should be supplemented to quality control of rare traditonal Chinese medicine.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; Tibet ; X-Ray Diffraction

Humans ; Neck Dissection ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery

Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Neck Dissection ; Neoplasm Staging

Congresses as Topic ; Humans ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; surgery

Objective To observe the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HO) and free radical antagonists (FRA) on liver fibrosis (LF) in chronic hepatitis (CH) patients.Methods Seventy-two CH patients were ran- domly divided into a HO-FRA group (36 cases) and a control group (36 cases).The patients in the control group received routine treatment,while patients in the HO-FRA group were treated with hyperbaric oxygen,vitamin E and vitamin C.All patients' livers were examined ultrasonically,and liver function and blood fibrosis indices were meas- ured before and after the treatment.Results Compared with those in the control group,the concentrations of blood hyaluronic acid,laminin,precollagen and typeⅣcollagen were all significantly lower in the HO-FRA group.Ultra- sonic imaging showed that the main portal and the splenic vein diameter,and the length and thickness of the spleen had also significantly declined in the HO-FRA group after treatment.Conclusion HO and FRAs can nelp to stave off liver fibrosis as indicated by blood and ultrasonic fibrosis indices.

Objective To study the correlations between the levels of inhibition C (Cys-C), glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and the coronary lesion. Methods 184 patients were divided into the coronary heart disease (CHD) group (n = 113) and the control group (n = 71) according to coronary angiography. The correlations between the level of Cys-C, HbA1c and Gensini score and coronary vessel lesions were investigated. Results The levels of Cys-C and HbA1c of CHD group were significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). The levels of Cys-C and HbA1c were positively correlated with Gensini score (r = 0.452, 0.570; P < 0.05). The levels of Cys-C and HbA1c were positively correlated with coronary vessel lesions (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed Cys-C and HbA1c were significantly associated with Gensini score (β = 0.221, t = 2.516, P < 0.013;β=0.525, t = 6.342, P < 0.001). There was no significant correlation between the level of Cys-C and Gensini score in the subgroup A (r = 0.102, P = 0.418), and the level of Cys-C was positively correlated with Gensini score in the subgroup B (r=0.440, P<0.002). Conclusions The levels of Cys-C and HbA1c are independently associated with the severity and the vessels of the coronary stenosis. Clinically, the joint detections of the levels of Cys-C and HbA1c are a higher predictive value for coronary artery lesions.

Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; Occupational Health