In order to realize the guide wire tele-manipulation in intervention operation, a method for guide wire motion detection with laser mouse sensor is proposed and experiments are carried out. On that basis, a guide wire tele-manipulation system which consists of guide wire detection appliance, guide wire manipulation appliance, and master slave type software is designed. Experiments are conducted on the system and acquired needed data, so that relationships between operating time and the distance from guide wire tip to destination and the angle are analyzed. The results validate the feasibility of the system and provide good foundation for future research.
Catheterization ; instrumentation ; methods ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; instrumentation ; Equipment Design ; Lasers

An electrolytically-detachable microcoil is introduced here in the paper. The testing results indicate that, the microcoils have stable mechanical properties, clear radiographic images and fine insulation performance. Their detaching time varies from 30s to 200s when voltage changes from 2V to 5V.
Embolization, Therapeutic ; instrumentation ; Equipment Design ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo explore the causes, prevention, and management of the complications during intracranial aneurysm embolization with controllable coils (mechanical detachable spiral, MDS; and Guglielmi detachable coil, GDC).

METHODSRetrospective review of 120 cases with 125 intracranial aneurysms embolized with controllable coils from March 1995 to July 1999 was conducted. The 20 accidents (in 18 cases) including aneurysm rupture, over-embolization, protrusion of coil end into the parent artery, and thrombosis of the parent artery were analyzed.

RESULTSAmong the 20 accidents, there were 6 aneurysm ruptures, 6 over-embolizations (in 5 cases), 6 coil protrusions, and 2 thromboses (one was secondary to coil protrusion). The embolization-related mortality was 3.33% (4/120), the permanent neurological deficit was 1.67% (2/120), and the transitory neurological deficit was 3.33% (4/120). The occurrence and outcome of the complications were related to the embolizing technique, the pattern of aneurysm and its parent artery, the imperfection of embolic materials, and the observation and management during embolization.

CONCLUSIONSkilled embolizing technique, better understanding of the angio-anatomy of an aneurysm and its parent artery, correct judgement and management during embolization, and improvement of embolic materials are beneficial to the reduction of complications and to the melioration of the outcome of complications.

Aneurysm, Ruptured ; etiology ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; adverse effects ; instrumentation ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Thrombosis ; etiology

We report on two cases of microguidewire breakage that occurred during endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms. The microguidewire can be broken when a part of the wire is stuck due to vascular tortuosity, and, subsequently, application of excessive rotational movement. The mechanical and physical properties of a microguidewire are also important factors in microguidewire breakage. We also suggest technical tips for avoidance of this problem.
Aged ; *Catheters ; Device Removal ; Embolization, Therapeutic/*instrumentation ; *Equipment Failure ; Female ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm/*therapy ; Middle Aged ; Radiography, Interventional/*instrumentation

OBJECTIVE: Device- or technique-related air embolism is a drawback of various neuro-endovascular procedures. Detachable aneurysm embolization coils can be sources of such air bubbles. We therefore assessed the formation of air bubbles during in vitro delivery of various detachable coils. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A closed circuit simulating a typical endovascular coiling procedure was primed with saline solution degassed by a sonification device. Thirty commercially available detachable coils (7 Axium, 4 GDCs, 5 MicroPlex, 7 Target, and 7 Trufill coils) were tested by using the standard coil flushing and delivery techniques suggested by each manufacturer. The emergence of any air bubbles was monitored with a digital microscope and the images were captured to measure total volumes of air bubbles during coil insertion and detachment and after coil pusher removal. RESULTS: Air bubbles were seen during insertion or removal of 23 of 30 coils (76.7%), with volumes ranging from 0 to 23.42 mm3 (median: 0.16 mm3). Air bubbles were observed most frequently after removal of the coil pusher. Significantly larger amounts of air bubbles were observed in Target coils. CONCLUSION: Variable volumes of air bubbles are observed while delivering detachable embolization coils, particularly after removal of the coil pusher and especially with Target coils.
Embolism, Air/*etiology ; Embolization, Therapeutic/*adverse effects/*instrumentation ; Intracranial Embolism/*etiology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Microscopy ; Risk Assessment ; Statistics, Nonparametric

Several substances have been used in an attempt to sclerose biliary ducts associated with persistent biliary-cutaneous fistula (BCF). The AMPLATZER Vascular Plug (AVP; AGA Medical, USA) system is a recently developed endovascular occlusion device, introduced as an alternative to permanent embolic materials (metallic coils or acrylic glue), in the occlusion of large and medium-calibre arteries and veins. We report a successful use of the AVP to embolize BCF, developed after the removal of an internal-external biliary drainage.
Aged ; Biliary Fistula/radiography/*therapy ; Cholangiography ; Cutaneous Fistula/radiography/*therapy ; Embolization, Therapeutic/*instrumentation ; Female ; Humans ; *Septal Occluder Device

In recent two years, new reports about concepts, technologies, materials, and especially new clinical trial results for endovascular treatment of cerebrovascular diseases, has provided tremendous promise for further progress. Mechanical thrombectomy becomes a guideline-recommended therapy for acute ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion, which is considered as a landmark event. The superiority of endovascular coiling over neurosurgical clipping has been further proved for intracranial aneurysm. New devices are constantly developing for aneurysm occlusion. For brain arteriovenous malformation, application of detachable-tip microcatheters improves safety of embolization procedure, and successful transvenous embolization has been also achieved in a few cases. Long-term result of carotid stenting for symptomatic patients has been proved to be noninferior to carotid endarterectomy. Meanwhile, some new trials only obtain negative results, for example, endovascular stenting for intracranial or vertebral artery stenosis both show worse outcomes compared with medical therapy alone. More advancements and investigations are needed.
Embolization, Therapeutic ; instrumentation ; Endarterectomy, Carotid ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; therapy ; Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations ; therapy ; Stents ; Stroke ; therapy ; Thrombectomy ; Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency ; therapy

BACKGROUNDWide-necked and fusiform aneurysms are challenges for interventional neuroradiologists and neurosurgeons since they may involve entire vessels or be irregular in shape, making is possible for Guglielmi detachable coil to protrude into the parent arteries. This study was to evaluate the endovascular treatment of intracranial wide-necked and fusiform aneurysms by using a combination of stents and coils.

METHODSFrom October 2000 to July 2001, eighteen patients with intracranial wide-necked or fusiform aneurysms were treated with intraluminal stenting in combination with endosaccular coiling.

RESULTSStent placement and coil packing were technically successful in all patients. There were no complications related to the procedure except for the migration of the stent in four cases. The aneurysms were embolized with the coils after precise stenting, and total occlusion was obtained in 13 cases, neck remnants in 3, and loose occlusion in 2. All the patients recovered well. Short-term follow-up angiograms suggested patency of the parent arteries without recanalization.

CONCLUSIONSA combination of endovascular stenting and coil packing may be a favorable alternative for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms that are unsuitable for surgical clipping or coil embolization. Further study is necessary to assess the long-term outcome.

Adult ; Aged ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; instrumentation ; Female ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostheses and Implants ; Stents ; Treatment Outcome ; Vascular Patency

A 12-week-old baby with a vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) was successfully treated with performing transarterial microcatheter-directed embolization with Berenstein Liquid Coils and n-butyl cyanoacrylate in the feeding arteries. Post-procedure angiography showed a marked decrease of the blood flow into the dilated vein of Galen. Three months later, follow-up angiography showed that the vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation had totally disappeared, and the baby recovered very well without any sequelae. We report here on this interesting case along with a review of the relevant literature, and we aim to enhance physicians' awareness of the treatment for VGAMs.
Catheterization/*instrumentation ; Cerebral Angiography ; *Cerebral Veins ; Cyanoacrylates/*administration & dosage ; Embolization, Therapeutic/*instrumentation/methods ; Humans ; Infant ; Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations/diagnosis/*therapy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male

A 3.5-year-old intact female miniature poodle (weighing 2.7 kg) was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at Kangwon National University, because of inadvertent aortic embolization, by an occlusion coil used for the closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). The coil was found at the site of the branching renal arteries in the abdominal aorta. A foreign body forceps with a three-wire nail tip was used, with fluoroscopic guidance, to retrieve the coil. After the removal, the dog was treated with heparin to prevent thromboembolization.
Animals ; *Aorta, Thoracic ; Dog Diseases/*etiology/surgery ; Dogs ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent/*therapy ; Embolization, Therapeutic/*adverse effects/instrumentation ; Female ; Foreign Bodies/therapy/*veterinary