BACKGROUND: Succinylcholine (Sch) has been generally reported not to produce tetanic stimulation fade on train of four in phase I block, except phase II block. But, the prejunctional phenomenon of Sch during onset is rarely reported these days, and so we investigated whether the prejunctional phenomenon of Sch during onset exists in cats. METHODS: We checked train of four ratios (TOF-R) and tetanic fade ratios (TF-R) by using a nerve stimulator before and after 50microgram/kg of Sch less than ED95 was administered, and during recovery in anesthetized cats. We analyzed TOF-R and TF-R before drug administration as a control and during onset and recovery time in order to estimate the statistic significance of fade. RESULTS: TOF fade and tetanic stimulation during the onset of Sch appeared like those in the partial block of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockades TOF-R and TF-R during Sch onset compared with those in control and recovery time of Sch had statistical significance (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The prejunctional phenomenon appeared only during Sch onset in cats and then disappeared during recovery to the control level.
Animals ; Cats* ; Refractory Period, Electrophysiological ; Succinylcholine*

Uremic neuropathy is a distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy caused by uremic toxins. The severity of neuropathy is correlated strongly with the severity of the renal insufficiency. The electrophysiological study is a sensitive test for diagnosis of neuropathy in patients with uremia. Objectives: (1) To assess the clinical characteristics and (2) to describe the electrodiagnostic abnormalities of neuropathy during the haemodialysis. Patients and method: Clinical examination, motor and sensory nerve conduction measurements and an H reflex study (via the Nicolet EMG machine) were performed in 32 non-diabetic uremic patients (16 men and 16 women, mean age 43.5+2.29), who were all treated with chronic maintenance haemodialysis. Results: The incidence of neuropathy in haemodialysis patients was 68.8% on clinical examination and was 96.9% on electrophysiological study. The abnormalities in clinical findings were altered motor-sensory function in 62.8%, predominantly impaired sensibility in 50%, loss of tendon reflexes in 37.5%, symptom of restless legs in 46.9% and carpal tunel syndrome in 9.4% of patients. In the electrophysiological parameters, compared with Vietnamese healthy index, the nerve conduction velocity of all tested nerves was decreased significantly (p<0.05), the highest abnormal rates was the sural nerve (75%), the tibial nerve (71%) and the peroneal nerve (69.4%); H-reflex was also significantly prolonged in 42.9%. Conclusion: The most haemodialysis patients showed clinical and electrophysiological evidence of uremic neuropathy. Electrophysiological findings showed more abnormalities than clinical examination for neuropathy showed on hemodialysis patients.
Renal Dialysis ; Renal Insufficiency ; Refractory Period ; Electrophysiological

Meridian essence has been investigated through anatomy, electrophysiology, biophysics, and biochemistry. Various hypotheses of meridian essence exist, but no hypothesis can truly reflect the internal character of Chinese medicine (CM). The research of meridian essence requires a holistic viewpoint and innovative awareness. Initially, any hypothesis regarding meridian essence should begin with observation of the human body. Secondly, the research should arise from the meridians' physical functions and pathological changes, so as to maintain the fundamental nature of the meridians themselves. Thirdly, the research should be based upon the theory of CM, yet coupled with the integration of modern techniques to deepen our understanding of the scientific contents of meridians. Fourthly, theoretical research should be combined closely with clinical practice, in order to test the achievements in actual conditions. Lastly, more attention should be given to negative results in studies to more accurately discover the real essence of meridians.
Biophysical Phenomena ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; Humans ; Meridians

The physiological and pathological phenomenon along the running courses of meridians such as enrichment of small charged molecular, low-resistance, isotope migration, electromyography phenomenon, acoustical conductivity, thermal radiation, magnetic phenomenon and optical-electrical characteristics, etc. are explored in this article. And based on the above mentioned studies, it is concluded that as a physiological sensation along meridians, propagated sensation could only be the result of the reflection of nerve excitation. The direct stimulator of the neural electrical activities of the propagated sensation is the enrichment of charged small biological molecular at the corresponding site of the organism. The root cause of the enrichment is the unique electrophysiological mechanism and distribution discipline of the human nerve fiber, which formed an electric field of biological source for the concentration of the small molecular. Thus, it is concluded that the electric field along the running courses of meridians is an isopotential balanced line formed by multiple neural bioelectrical activities in different spaces closed to meridians.
Electrophysiological Phenomena ; Humans ; Meridians ; Nervous System ; physiopathology

Ion channels and transporters represent two major types of pathways of transmembrane transport for ions. Distinct from ion channels which conduct passive ionic diffusion, ion transporters mediate active transport of ions. In the perspective of biochemistry, ion transporters are enzymes that catalyze the movement of ions across the plasma membrane. In the present review, we selected the Na(+)/HCO3(-) cotransporter (NBC) as an example to analyze the key biochemical and biophysical properties of ion transporters, including stoichiometry, turnover number and transport capacity. Moreover, we provided an analysis of the electrophysiological principles of NBC based on the laws of thermodynamics. Based on the thermodynamical analysis, we showed how the stoichiometry of an NBC determines the direction of its ion transport. Finally, we reviewed the methodology for experimental determination of the stoichiometry of NBC, as well as the physiological significance of the stoichiometry of NBCs in specific tissues.
Electrophysiological Phenomena ; Ion Transport ; Sodium-Bicarbonate Symporters

Based on the structure and function of acupoint and in association of the definition and principle of sensor, the acupoint is the sensitive element, being sensitive to the physical stimulation with acupuncture and moxibustion and sensitively responded to the disorders; the acupoint is the sensing element, transforming the changes of the acupoint information via the complicated internet conduction, integration and regulation, so as to generate the effects on organic body; the acupoint is the conversion element, transforming every irritation into the bioelectric signal or optical signal so that the organic body could recognize it. Therefore, the acupoint is regarded as the sensor of information in the organic body.
Acupuncture Points ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; Humans ; Meridians

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: For diagnosis of acquired autoimmune myasthenia gravis (MG), single fiber electromyography (SFEMG) is known to be much more sensitive than repetitive nerve stimulation test (RNST) in demonstrating the electrophysiological defects of neuromuscular transmission. Neuromuscular blocking in SFEMG is presumed to have the same physiologic basis with decremental response in RNST. The authors performed the study to know the correlations between the electrophysiological parameters of the RNST (decremental response) and the SFEMG (jitter and blocking) and to understand the basic physiological mechanisms in MG. METHODS: In 28 patients with definite MG (12 : ocular MG, 16 : generalized MG), RNST and SFEMG tests were done in orbicularis oculi and abductor digiti quinti and in extensor digitorum communis, respectively. The correlations between several factors, such as maximum decremental response (%) in RNST, mean value of mean consecutive differences (MCD's) (?sec) and blocking pairs (%) were analyzed. RESULTS: In 12 ocular MG patients, RNST and SFEMG abnormalities were found in 4 (33.3%) and in 10 (83.3%), respectively. In 16 generalized MG patients, abnormal decremental responses were found in 13 (81.3%) and increased jitters in 15 (93.8%). SFEMG showed significant correlations between blockings and mean MCD's (R=0.54, p<0.01). When the correlation between RNST and SFEMG was analyzed, increased percentage of blockings in extensor digitorum communis were correlated with maximum degree of decremental responses in abductor digiti quinti or orbicularis oculi (R=0.60, p<0.001). The degree of mean MCD's was poorly correlated with maximum decremental responses (R=0.23, p=0.229). But the correlation became significant (R=0.43, p<0.05) by analyzing mean MCD's and maximum decremental responses only from abductor digiti quinti, reflecting that blockings have similar electrophysiological meanings with increased mean MCD's. CONCLUSION: The good correlation between decremental response in RNST and blocking or mean MCD's in SFEMG was found. Therefore the authors concluded that the parameters of the RNST and the SFEMG show similar electrophysiologic phenomena of the abnormal neuromuscular transmission in MG.
Diagnosis ; Electromyography* ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; Humans ; Myasthenia Gravis* ; Neuromuscular Blockade

In this paper, onefold sensor is used to obtain periodic physiological signal, such as electrocardiogram signal. Multicycle data constitutes a sequence by the data of the corresponding time point. The data sequence, which is regard as a number of independent sensors data, is used to data fusion by one-dimensional method. This paper verifies the method by the measured ECG.
Algorithms ; Electrocardiography ; methods ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; Periodicity ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

Objective: To compare the difference between the built-in and external reference electrode of microwire electrode array in the process of recording rat brain neuron firings, optimizing the production and embedding of the microwire electrode array, and providing a more affordable and excellent media tool for multi-channel electrophysiological real-time recording system. Methods: A 16 channel microwire electrode array was made by using nickel chromium alloy wires, circuit board, electrode pin and ground wires (silver wires). The reference electrode of the microwire electrode array was built-in (the reference electrode and electrode array were arranged in parallel) or external (the reference electrode and ground wire were welded at both ends of one side of the electrode), and the difference between the two electrodes was observed and compared in recording neuronal discharges in ACC brain area of rats. Experimental rats were divided into built-in group and external group, n=8-9. The test indicators included signal-to-noise ratio (n=8), discharge amplitude (n=380) and discharge frequency (n=54). Results: The microwire electrode array with both built-in and external reference electrodes successfully recorded the electrical signals of neurons in the ACC brain region of rats. Compared with the external group, the electrical signals of neurons in built-in group had the advantages of a higher signal-to-noise ratio (P＜0.05), a smaller amplitude of background signals and less noise interference, and a larger discharge amplitude(P＜0.05); there was no significant difference in spike discharge frequency recorded by these two types of electrodes (P＞0.05). Conclusion: When recording the electrical activity of neurons in the ACC brain region of rats, the microwire electrode array with built-in reference electrode recorded electrical signals with higher signal-to-noise ratio and larger discharge amplitude, providing a more reliable tool for multi-channel electrophysiology technology.
Action Potentials/physiology* ; Animals ; Brain ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; Microelectrodes ; Neurons ; Rats

Congresses as Topic ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; Humans ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Neoplasms ; therapy