This study was designed to evluat the effect of acupuncture and moxibustion teatment for knee pain.
Materials and Methods
The subjects consisted of a group of 6 patients with knee pain (2 males, 4 females, 71.67 years in mean age) and a normal group of 9 healthy aged persons (6 males, 3 females, 50.56 years in mean age).
Electromyography was taken from the inner and outer hamstrings, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis and the rectus femoris during ascending and descending stairs.
The observation were performed pre- and post acupuncture and moxibustion treatment over the subsequent 3 weeks.
Results
1) The muscular activity of the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis showed an overt pattern with two peaks in the normal group, but random pattern was shown in the knee pain group.
2) The knee joint function was improved on acupuncture and moxibustion treatment combination with isometoric training. Equally, the knee pain group showed the same tendency as the normal activity pattern.
3) The results indicated that the results of electromyography taken from the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis prved useful for the objective evaluation of knee joint function.

Introduction
In my studies (Journal of The Japan Society of Acupuncture 35 (3, 4)), the muscular activity of the quadricepes femoris was studied while the subjects were descending stairs.
The present study, therefore, was designed to evaluate the tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius medial head, gastrocnemius lateral head.
Materials and Methods
The subjects consisted of a group of 7 patients with knee pain (7 females, 61.14 years in mean age) and a normal group of 10 healthy persons (9 males, 3 females, 39.70 years in mean age).
Electromyography was performed on the tibial anterior, gastrocnemius medial head and gastrocnemius lateral head during ascending and descending stairs.
The examinations were performed pre- and post acupuncture and moxibustion treatment over a mean of the subsequent 4.5 weeks.
Results
1) The muscular activity of the quadriceps femoris showed an overt pattern with two peaks in the normal group, but a random pattern was shown in the knee pain group.
2) The tibial anterior and gastocnemius showed higher and longerlasting muscular activity than the normal group during descending stairs.
3) The results indicated that electromyography of the quadriceps femoris and gastrocnemius is useful for objective evaluation of knee joint function, and that the quadriceps femoris and gastrocnemius are important subjects for acupuncture and moxibustion treatment.

Acpuncture for infants consists mainly of skin stimulation, thus treatment is very different from that used for adults employing standard acupuncture techniques. Such traditional acupuncture treatment for infants is still popular in the Kansai area, and has been in use since the Edo Era (1600-1868).
In this report, the authors aualyze the social background, main complaints and accompanying symptoms of infants receiving acupuncture treatment.
Of the infants receiving treatment at the acupuncture clinic affiliated with this school, the majority (88.5%) lived within a 15km radius.
The conditions that the infants suffered from were night waking, screaming and other nervous symptoms. Relatives of the patients recommended acupuncture treatment, and in most cases it was the grandparents.
It was suggested that acupuncture treatment was regarded as a common and familiar treatment for maintaining health in infants in the Kansai area of Japan. Thus, it was thought that the popularity of acupuncture for infants in this region could be somewhat attributed to local custom.

This paper covers our recent study of the effect of acupuncture and moxibustion treatments on the exocrine function of the pancreas. The study consisted of pancereatic function diagnos-tant (PFD) tests on healthy adults. Stimulations with acupun-cture and moxibustion have been deeply concerned with “hi-no-zo, ” which is called the pancreas in current terminology, so they were applied to the meridian points in the dermatome referring to the pancreas. Measurements were made before giving a stimulus. after 6 consecutive stimuli were givem, after 12 consecutive stimuli were given, and 7 days atfer ceasing stimulation. No significant change in urinary output was obserued after the treatment. The p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) excretion rate in urine showed conflicting results between acupuncture and moxibustion. Acupuneture increased the excretion rate while moxibustion suppressed it after single stimulus of each was applied. The excretion rate increased after either type of stimuli was applied repeatedly.
Based on these results, we believe that the effect of stimuli to the meridian points which effect “hi-no-zo” in Oriental medicine on the exocrine function has been confirmed, although some fluctuations of vital reactions which depended on the number of stimuli were observed.

This Study was performed to evaluate the effect of acupuncture stimulations on meridian points on gastric function.
Gastric juice of healthy volunteers was examined, and the effect of acupuncture stimulations at the trunk and remote positions on the gastric acid output was observed.
The followiag results were obtained:
1) Gastric juice secretion and acid output were suppressed in basal secretion but facilitated in maximal secretion.
2) The variation of gastric function was closely related to the location of stimulation; the effect of stimulation was more conspicuous at remote positions than trunk positions.
3) The variations of effect depending on the number of stimulations were conspicuous in remote positions, where a larger effect was obtained, and there was a significant difference in effect between single and consecutive stimulations.

Apart from development of medical technology, how we prevent disease has been an important issue.
Moreover, it has become clear that the diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage, which lead to the cause of death for a great portion of Japanese, are often caused by lifestyle factors and the outbreak of such diseases could possibly be prevented by changing lifestyle.
At this seminar, the lecturers discuss developments in lifestyle especially paying attention to food.
First a lecture was given from a viewpoint of caloric restriction and balance in relevance to healthy eating habits, next the effects of acupuncture and moxibustion on nutrition absorption, and finally oriental holistic foods concepts and the relationship between diet and disease.
We held a discussion based on this lecture. and we reviewed the relation between diet and disease, the affect of acupuncture and moxibustion on nutrition absorption, and the view of the holistic meal as part of oriental medicine. Finally a useful possibility for combining diet with acupuncture and moxibustion therapy was suggested.

Although it has 100 years since the massage techniques developed by John Harvey Kellogg, an American, were introduced to Japan, not much of them are known today. This paper clarifies the characteristics of his theory and techniques as a method of physical therapy so they can be applied to clinical practices.
Our study mainly consists of the review of J. H. Kellogg's “The Art of Massage” (4^thed. 1923). These massage techniques, a combination of massage techniques developed in Europe and osteopathy, an original idea developed in the United States, were systematized through his clinical experience at sanitariums over a period of 50 years or more.
Always based on strict physiological principles, Kellogg cited three types of comprehensive effects: direct “Mechanical”, indirect “Reflex”, and general “Metabolic” effects. He advocates that external manipulations are effective for building strength in the whole body and activating living power because they not only influence deep tissues of the body by improving general circulation and reactions of the nervous system but also on the metabolic renewal processes of the various parts of the body. He emphasizes these phenomena as the sources of large therapeutic effects.
Kellogg's massage techniques consist of seven types of basic manipulations (touch, stroking, friction, kneading, vibration, percussion, and joint movements), each of which is divided into several sub-types of manipulations, which are unique to Kellogg, according to his theory.
To improve the usefulness of current medical massage therapy, it is essential to review these unique techniques and apply them to clinical practices.

The reflex mechanisms of the responses in heart rate elicited by acupuncture stimulation in anesthetized rats were examined. An acupuncture needle measuring 160μmin diameter was inserted into skin and the underlying muscles to the hindlimb to a depth of about 5mm and was twisted once every second for 1min. A decrease in the heart rate was observed in 55% of 22 trials and in 70% of 20 trials when muscles separated from the overlying skin were stimulated. The response was abolished completely by cutting the femoral and sciatic nerves. The response was not influenced by transecting of the bilateral vagi but was totally abolished by transecting of the cardiac sympathetic nerves. Therefore, we conclude that the decrease in heart rate elicited by acupuncture stimulation of a hindlimb is based on a somato-autonomic reflex, in which the afferent pathway is composed of hindlimb muscle afferents and the efferent pathway is composed of cardiac sympathetic nerves.