No abstract available.
Estrogen Replacement Therapy* ; Female

Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) is known to significantly decrease menopausal health risks, thus, a survey of 200 women attending a tertiary hospital was conducted. Assess their attitudes toward menopause and ERT to determine factors that might increase its use revealed that women taking their ERT were more likely to know that decreased estrogen hormone causes osteoporosis. All groups however believed that natural approaches to menopause are more preferable and ERT should be reserved for women with distressing symptoms. The study suggests that a systematic educational approach could increase awareness and use of ERT especially if the recommended therapy will not cause vaginal bleeding and will cost minimally.
Human ; MENOPAUSE ; ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the difference in cognitive test performances between estrogen users and estrogen non-users in postmenopausal women. METHOD: 15 estrogen user women and 15 non-user women participated in this study. They were all menopausal and had 12 or more education years. We used the K-BNT(Boston naming test Korean version), BDI(Beck depression inventory), similarity test(subtest of K-WAIS) and SRT(selective reminding test) to evaluate the cognitive function between two groups. RESULT: Estrogen users scored significantly higher than non-users in cognitive test, particularly in similarity test and SRT(delayed recall). Estrogen users also scored lower than non-users in BDI. CONCLUSION: Estrogen replacement therapy may help postmenopausal women to maintain cognitive function and probably to improve the depression symptoms to some extent.
Cognition ; Depression ; Education ; Estrogen Replacement Therapy* ; Estrogens* ; Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Estrogen Replacement Therapy* ; Estrogens* ; Female ; Gonadotropins* ; Humans ; Ovariectomy*

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the domestic consumption of postmenopausal hormonal medicine in the year 2010 and compare it with those since 2002. METHODS: Data from Intercontinental Marketing Services were used to analyze the consumption of hormonal medicine in the year 2010. Total hormonal medicines consisted of estrogen (ET), estrogen+progestogen (EPT), and Tibolone. We compared the respective consumption of hormonal medicines in the year 2010 with those since 2002. The percentage and frequency of usage of ET, ET/EPT, and tibolone in the year 2010 were also estimated. RESULTS: We found that 4.5% of women over 50 years of age had taken the postmenopausal hormonal medicine in the year 2010. The usage rate of each medicine showed 60% for ET/EPT compound, and 40% for Tibolone. The usage of postmenopausal hormonal medicine in 2010 increased by 7% compared to the previous year reaching 3.81 billion Korean won. There was 9% increase in the use of ET/EPT compound, and 4% increase in Tibolone. CONCLUSION: The total consumption of postmenopausal hormonal medicine was markedly decreased between 2002 and 2007. Since 2007, however, it has been steadily increasing from 3.01 billion to more than 3.81 billion Korea won in 2010, which maybe due to the reappraisal of the WHI study results, the change of doctor's recognition, and the increased consumption of Tibolone. When initiating postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy, the risk-benefit of hormonal therapy should be thoroughly explored.
Estrogen Replacement Therapy ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Marketing ; Norpregnenes ; Postmenopause

No abstract available.
Estrogen Replacement Therapy* ; Estrogens* ; Female ; Humans ; Lipid Metabolism*

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluated the difference of depressive symptoms and attention between estrogen user and non-user in postmenopausal women. METHODS: 30 Estrogen users and 30 non-users were participated in this study. They were all menopausal for at least 1 year and have 12 or more education years. We used BDI(Beck Depression Inventory), digit span and digit symbol to evaluate depressive symptoms and attention in both groups. We also measured the plasma estradiol level and identified the correlation between estradiol level and BDI, digit span and digit symbol. RESULTS: The demographic data was not different between both groups. Estrogen users scored higher than non-users in digit span(forward) and lower than non-users in BDI. The correlation between estradiol level BDI, digit span and digit symbol was not significant. CONCLUSION: Estrogen replacement therapy was effective in alleviation depressive symptoms but ineffective in improving attention in postmenopausal women.
Depression* ; Education ; Estradiol ; Estrogen Replacement Therapy* ; Estrogens* ; Female ; Humans ; Plasma

PURPOSE: To determine the frequency and distribution of parenchymal changes on mammography before and after hormone replacement therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mammograms of 100 postmenopausal women who underwent hormone replacement therapy without breast disease were evaluated. Mammograms obtained annually after hormone replacement were analysed and compared with that of pretreatment. In addition, mammograms of control group and treatment group were compared. RESULTS: An increase in density of breast parenchyma was seen on the mammogram of 20 women(20%) receiving therapy. The mammograms from the control group showed no change. Mammographic changes were detected at first year in 13 women, 2nd year in 4 women, 3rd year in 2 women, and 4th year in 1 woman (average,19 months). CONCLUSION: We conclude that increase in mammographic density following postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy is not uncommon(20%).
Breast Diseases ; Breast* ; Estrogen Replacement Therapy* ; Female ; Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Humans ; Mammography*

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine whether the bone resorption rate is evaluated by Deoxypyridinoline(Dpd) i urine, and to evaluate the clinical utility of Dpd to monitor the hormone replacement therapy effect in postmenopausal women. STUDY DESIGN: We divided the patients into three groups, the control group was the women who were postmenopausal health state, and the experimental groups were the postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy group and the podtmenopausal nontherapy group. Urinary Dpd and serum FSH, Osteocalcin was measured in the both groups. RESULTS: The urinary Dpd and serum osteocalcin were significantly increase in postmenopausal group(6.63+/-3.09 pmol/nmol creatinine; 10.54+/-3.77 ng/ml) compared to premenopausal group(4.15+/-1.32 pmol/nmol creatinine; 7.85+/-2.17 ng/ml). The urinary Dpd and Serum osteocalcin were significantly decreased in the postmenopausal HRT group(3.31+/-1.79 pmol/nmol creatinine; 8.31+/-3.13 ng/ml) compared to the postmenopausal nontherapy group (6.63+/-3.09 pmol/nmol creatinine; 10.54+/-3.77 ng/ml). In postmenopausal nontherapy group, there was no correlation between urinary Dpd and serum osteocalcin. But these makers were good correlated in postmenopausal HRT group. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the assay of urinary Dpd is useful for the resorption marker of postmenopausal osteoporosis and it should be useful for the monitoring of hormone replacement therapy effect in postmenopausal women. Furthermore, urinary Dpd may be an important indicator to determine when to resume the therapy during cessation of HRT.
Bone Resorption ; Creatinine ; Estrogen Replacement Therapy ; Female ; Hormone Replacement Therapy* ; Humans ; Osteocalcin ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to assess the effects of treatment with an extract from Cimicifuga racemosa for 1 year in postmenopausal women with symptoms. METHODS: In a randomised, open-label, group-comparative study, the change on the Kupperman menopausal index, serum FSH and E2 level, bone densitometry (BMD), and mammographic density by an extract from Cimicifuga racemosa (GYNO-Qx ) (N=40) were compared with an conjugated equine estrogen combined with medroxyprogesterone acetate (CEE/MPA) (N=36) during 12 months in menopausal women. RESULTS: There were no statistical differences in the change of Kupperman index, serum FSH and E2 level, and mammographic density between two groups after 12 months, except the effect of BMD that the CEE/MPA group (+6.6%) was significantly increased as compared to the extract from Cimicifuga racemosa (+1.1%) baseline. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that an extract of Cimicifuga racemosa is a safe, effective alternative to estrogen replacement therapy for patients in whom hormone replacement therapy is either refused or contraindicated.
Cimicifuga* ; Densitometry ; Estrogen Replacement Therapy ; Estrogens ; Female ; Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Humans ; Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ; Menopause