No abstract available.
Embryo Transfer* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Fertilization in Vitro* ; Pregnancy*

No abstract available.
Embryo Transfer* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Fertilization in Vitro*

No abstract available.
Embryo Transfer* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Estradiol* ; Fertilization in Vitro*

No abstract available.
Embryo Transfer* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Fertilization in Vitro* ; Pregnancy*

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical outcomes of single frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer cycles according to the hatching status of frozen-thawed blastocysts. METHODS: Frozen-thawed blastocysts were divided into three groups according to their hatching status as follows: less-than-expanded blastocyst (≤EdB), hatching blastocyst (HgB), and hatched blastocyst (HdB). The female age and infertility factors of each group were evaluated. The quality of the single frozen-thawed blastocyst was also graded as grade A, tightly packed inner cell mass (ICM) and many cells organized in the trophectoderm epithelium (TE); grade B, several and loose ICM and TE; and grade C, very few ICM and a few cells in the TE. The clinical pregnancy and implantation rate were compared between each group. The data were analyzed by either t-test or chi-square analysis. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in average female ages, infertility factors, or the distribution of blastocyst grades A, B, and C in each group. There was no significant difference in the clinical pregnancy and implantation rate of each group according to their blastocyst grade. However, there was a significant difference in the clinical pregnancy and implantation rate between each group. In the HdB group, the clinical pregnancy and implantation rate were similar regardless of the blastocyst quality. CONCLUSION: There was an effect on the clinical outcomes depending on whether the blastocyst hatched during single frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer. When performing single frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer, the hatching status of the frozen-thawed blastocyst may be a more important parameter for clinical outcomes than the quality of the frozen-thawed blastocyst.
Blastocyst* ; Embryo Transfer* ; Epithelium ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies* ; Single Embryo Transfer ; Vitrification

OBJECTIVETo estimate the congenital malformations in in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer and naturally conceived children by means of meta-analysis, so as to provide the evidence for improving reproductive technology research.

METHODSWe searched databases ( ISI Web of Knowledge, Medline, CNKI from 1999 to 2007 using "in vitro fertilization" or "in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer", in combination with "congenital malformations", also performed a manual search of citations from relevant original studies. Then all the studies applied a meta-analysing with software of Stata 10.

RESULTSEight publications were identified and found no heterogeneity (Q = 3.7, P = 0.3) The total rate of malformations was higher in in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer infants than the naturally conceived. The pooled RR for the study was 1.3 (95% CI: 1.26 - 1.43, Z = 8.67, P = 0.00). The cumulative summary effects showed that the larger the sample size, the more accurate the estimation. Publication bias were not found in the study, by using Egger's test method (P = 0.2). In dividing the type of the newborn malformations, the rate of cardiovascular defects in in-vitro fertilization-embryo transfer infants was higher than in the naturally conceived. The summy RR for the study was 1.48 (95% CI: 1.2 -1.7, Z = 4.5, P = 0. 0).

CONCLUSIONSThe total rate of malformations and the cardiovascular defects in in-vitro fertilization-embryo transfer infants was higher than in the naturally conceived.

No abstract available.
Embryo Transfer* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Fertilization in Vitro* ; Humans ; Pregnancy, Twin*

OBJECTIVE: The implantation failure after embryo-transfer (ET) is a major continuing problem in in vitro fertilization (IVF). This study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of intravenous immunoglobulin for treatment of individuals experiencing repeated unexplained in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) failure. METHODS: A total of nine consecutive infertile patients who failed to become pregnant after previous IVF-ET replacing at least three or more normal developed embryos each were included in our study. During the subsequent new IVF-ET cycle, each women received intravenous immunoglobulin 500mg/kg before the embryo transfer. RESULTS: Only one implantation occurred. There were no remarkable side effects. A specific effect of intravenous immunoglobulin for patients with repeated IVF-ET failure could not be demonstrated. CONCLUSION: High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin may not be useful for patients with repeated failure of embryo transfer.
Embryo Transfer ; Embryonic Structures ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins*

No abstract available.
Embryo Transfer* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Fertilization in Vitro* ; Gangwon-do*

The objective of this paper was to provide some insights and developments in the physiology of the blastocyst and offer the advantages of blastocyst transfer as the optimal choice for in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.
Human ; Female ; Adult ; PREGNANCY ; PREGNANCY, MULTIPLE ; EMBRYO TRANSFER ; FERTILIZATION IN VITRO