OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between dietary omega-3 fatty acid(n-3PUFA) and omega-6 fatty acids (n-6PUFA) with prostate cancer risk from a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.

DESIGN: Cohort studies that investigated the relationship of dietary omega fatty acids and prostate cancer risk were retrieved from MEDLINE, Unbound MEDLINE, EMBASE, OVID, Cochrane Library and Science direct up to June 2011, and were critically appraised using Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment for cohorts. General variance-based method was used to the pool the effect estimates at 95% confidence interval. Heterogeneity was assessed by chi square and quantified by I2.

RESULTS: Eight cohort studies were included for meta-analysis. n-3PUFA, n-6PUFA and their derivatives were not significantly associated with risk of prostate cancer in general. A significant heterogeneity (P=0.023,I2=63%) between studies was noted. After inter-study variability adjustment was done, repeat analysis showed a significant negative association between high dietary intake of alpha-linolenic acid(ALA) and prostate cancer risk (pooled RR:0.915;95% CL:0.849, 0.985;P=0.019) Likewise, a slightly positive association was noted on dietary long chain omega-3 fatty acids (EPA+DHA) and prostate cancer risk (pooled RR: 1.135; 95% CI:1.008, 1.278 P=0.036), however when two other cohort studies with data of EPA and DHA both analyzed separately was included into the pool, the association became not significant (RR=1.034;95%CI:0.973,1.096;P=0.2780).

CONCLUSION: The intake of n-3PUFA and n-6PUFA does not significantly affect the risk of prostate cancer. High intake of ALA may reduce risk of prostate cancer, while intake of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids does not have a significant effect.

Human ; Male ; Recommended Dietary Allowances ; Nutritional Requirements ; Diet ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ; Fatty Acids, Omega-6 ; alpha-Linolenic Acid ; Fatty Acids ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Neoplasms ; Genital Neoplasms, Male ; Risk ; probability

OBJECTIVE: MRI-Ultrasound fusion guided targeted biopsy has revolutionized the diagnosis of prostatecancer through accurate identification, localization and characterization of prostatic lesions utilizingthe prostate imaging reporting and data system (PI-RADS) scoring system by multiparametric MRI(MPMRI). The fusion prostate biopsy system on the other hand, enables accurate targeting and easyaccess of the tumor. The study objective is to determine the detection rate of clinically-significantprostate cancer using fusion biopsy, and to establish the correlation between PI-RADS score andGleason's score. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to determine the correlation betweenPI-RADS score and the presence of prostate cancer using MRI-Ultrasound fusion guided transperinealprostate biopsy. This was carried out from June 2017 to July 2018 in a single institution. One hundredthirty five (135) men were included in this study. They presented with an elevated PSA, abnormalDRE or a previous negative prostate biopsy, but with a persistent rise in PSA. A total of 220 prostatelesions were identified. The following characteristics were measured: patient age; the size, location,the PI-RADS score of each lesion, the maximum PI-RADS score for select patients; and the Gleasonscore of discovered tumors. RESULTS: Two hundred twenty PI-RADS 3, 4 and 5 lesions were detected in 135 patients by MPMRI.131 of the 220 lesions were scored as PI-RADS 3, 61 as PI-RADS 4 and 28 as PI-RADS 5. Theselesions were biopsied using the MRI-Ultrasound fusion guided transperineal prostate biopsy system.Thirty-three out of the 131 PI-RADS 3 lesions (25.2%), 44 out of the 61 PI-RADS 4 lesions (72.1%)and 24 out of the 28 PI-RADS 5 lesions (85.7%) respectively were positive for malignancy. Overall,there were 101 (45.9%) lesions classified as PI-RADS 3 to 5 that were positive for prostate carcinoma.Seventy four (74) of the 135 patients (54.8%) were diagnosed with prostate adenocarcinoma. Nineteenout of 65 patients with a maximum score of PI-RADS 3 (29.2%), 33 of 44 with a maximum of PI-RADS 4 (75%) and 22 of 26 with a maximum of PI-RADS 5 (84.6%) harbored malignancy. In termsof location, 45 of the 101 (44.6%) malignancies were in the peripheral sector, 31 (30.7%) in theanterior sector, and 25 (24.8%) in the central sector of the prostate. The mean Gleason grade of PI-RADS 3, 4 and 5 lesions were 6.61, 7.73, and 7.38, respectively. Using Spearman correlation, the rhocoefficient was 0.3153 (p-value =.00013) which denotes a significant positive relationship betweenGleason and PI-RADS score. CONCLUSION This is the first comprehensive Philippine study on Multiparametric MRI-Ultrasoundfusion-guided transperineal prostate biopsy. Present data validate the superiority of MPMRI in theidentification, localization and characterization of prostate cancers. The authors also verified thepositive correlation between PI-RADS score and Gleason score. Finally, they demonstrated theaccuracy of the MRI- ultrasound fusion-guided transperineal prostate biopsy system in targetingprostate lesions.

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a malignantneoplasm of the skeletal muscle. Skeletal musclescan be found in all parts of the human body andthus such type of tumor occurs in almost any partof the body.1 In the pediatrics. It is the mostcommon soft tissue sarcoma and the third mostcommon solid tumor among pediatric patients. Inreport in the United States, on 350 cases, 15 to 20percent of this type of tumor were found in thegenitourinary system, and only 5 to 10 percentwere found in the bladder and prostate.2 With theadvent of multimodality treatment approach,patients with RMS of the bladder/prostate had asignificant improvement in terms of survival overthe past 30 years.This report presents a treatment strategy inwhich an initial unresectable tumor was managedwith neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed byorgan preservation surgery. This is the firstreported case at this institution of a one year oldwho had prostate rhabdomyosarcoma withbladder extension treated with neoadjuvantchemotherapy followed by bladder preservationsurgery.The study aimed to report a case of prostaterhabdomyosarcoma with bladder invasion in a pediatric patient, and describe the managementapproach, bladder preservation, and follow-up.
Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Urinary Bladder

Objectives: To identify practice variations among adult urologists in the surgical management of their oncologic cases and postoperative complications. Methods: Beginning March 2022 to October 2022 an internet-based survey was performed among members of the PUA practicing in the Philippines. Results: 82 Philippine urologists answered the survey during the study period. Majority have no subspecialty training (n=42) and practice primarily in the NCR (n=49). Open radical prostatectomy is the option of choice (n=58) with reported incidence of complications similar to that of previous studies. Conduit (n=77) is the diversion of choice after radical cystectomy with the majority recommending a two-surgeon approach in the harvest and reconstruction. Conclusion Practice is focused within the NCR with the majority having no subspecialty training thus preferring open surgical approach and two-surgeon team. Implantable devices are the preferred method in managing erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence but is still lacking local availability.