1.Hepatocellular Liver Function of Immunosuppressed Rats with Oral Candidiasis after Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment: Alanine Transaminase and Aspartate Transaminase Levels
Agni Febrina Pargaputri ; Dwi Andriani
Archives of Orofacial Sciences 2021;16(SUPP 1):5-9
ABSTRACT
Hepatocellular utility is observed by measuring the hepatocellular enzymes. Changes in its serum
levels are related to liver dysfunction. Liver is one of the immunoprotective organs. Continuous use
of immunosuppressive drugs can cause oral candidiasis and give effects to liver function. Hyperbaric
oxygen treatment (HBOT), while reducing fungal infections, can also repair the liver function. The
aim of this study was to investigate the alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST)
levels of immunosuppressed rats with oral candidiasis treated with hyperbaric oxygen. Twelve Wistar
rats were divided into three groups: K− (normal/ healthy), K+ (oral candidiasis immunosuppressed
rats), and P (oral candidiasis immunosuppressed rats treated hyperbaric oxygen). K+ and P groups were
immunosuppressed by giving dexamethasone 0.5 mg/day/rat orally for 14 days, added with tetracycline
1 mg/day/rat. HBOT was given in five days successively. Blood serum of rats in all groups were taken
to calculate the ALT and AST levels. ALT and AST levels in K+ showed higher value than K− and
P groups. The data were analysed with one-way ANOVA test and showed significant difference in
ALT levels (p < 0.05), while in AST levels there was no significant difference among the groups
(p > 0.05). This study showed that HBOT affected the ALT and AST levels of immunosuppressed rats
with oral candidiasis.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
;
Hyperbaric Oxygenation
;
Immunocompromised Host
;
Candidiasis, Oral--therapy
;
Alanine Transaminase
;
Aspartate Aminotransferases
2.Acanthus ilicifolius L. Treatment for Oral Candidiasis with Immunosuppressive Conditions Subjected to p38 MAPK Enhancement
Dwi Andriani ; Agni Febrina Pargaputri ; Kristanti Parisihni ; Syamsulina Revianti
Archives of Orofacial Sciences 2021;16(SUPP 1):17-24
ABSTRACT
Methanolic extract from the leaves of Acanthus ilicifolius L. (A. ilicifolius L.) is a potent inhibitor of
Candida albicans (C. albicans) growth and anti-inflammatory. C. albicans causes oral candidiasis in
immunosuppressive condition. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling via p38 appears
to discriminate between yeast and hyphal cells of C. albicans. Activation of p38 MAPK by hyphae
results in the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. The p38 MAPK activation is known to
impair corticosteroid action. The research was conducted to investigate the effect of methanolic
extract A. ilicifolius L. treatment of oral candidiasis with the immunosuppressive condition through
enhancement of p38 MAPK expression in the epithelial cells. Immunosuppressed conditions
were obtained when 16 healthy male Rattus norvergicus (Wistar) was given oral administration
of dexamethasone and tetracycline for 14 days and induced with C. albicans (ATCC-10231)
1 McFarland. The subjects were divided into four groups (n = 4/group): immunosuppression
(IS), immunosuppression with oral candidiasis without treatment (ISC), immunosuppression
with oral candidiasis and nystatin treatment (ISC+N), and immunosuppression with oral
candidiasis and A. ilicifolius L. treatment (ISC+AI), and were treated for 14 days. Later, the rats
were euthanised, and their tongue were biopsied. The p38 MAPK expression was subjected to
immunohistochemical examination, observed under a microscope (400× magnification) and
statistically analysed (one-way ANOVA, LSD-test, p < 0.05). The p38 MAPK expression of
ISC+AI (36.05 ± 1.54) was higher than IS (26 ± 2.32), ISC (26.4 ± 3.71), IS+N (34.2 ± 0.99).
Significant differences existed between ISC+AI and ISC+N to IS and ISC (p < 0.05). No significant
differences were present between IS and ISC; ISC+AI and ISC+N (p > 0.05). Therefore, this treatment
could enhance p38 MAPK expression in oral candidiasis with the immunosuppressed condition.
Acanthaceae
;
Candidiasis, Oral
;
Immunosuppression Therapy
;
p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases