Objective To investigate the changes of lipopolysaccharide binding protein(LBP) in serum and ascites in patients with liver cirrhosis and its clinical significance. Methods Ninety?six cases of liver cir?rhosis patients who were treated in the NO. 202 Hospital of People's Liberation Army from January 2013 to De?cember 2015 were selected as research subjects,and were divided into liver cirrhosis with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(SBP) of 27 patients as SBP group,69 cases of patients with liver cirrhosis as non?SBP group accord?ing to the clinical diagnosis. The level of LBP in serum and ascites,routine blood test and liver function indica?tors of two groups were detected and comparative analyzed. Receiver operating curve( ROC) was drawn to select LBP diagnosis best critical value of SBP. Results The level of LBP in serum and ascites of SBP group were significantly higher than that of non?SBP group((43. 2±10. 6) μg/L vs. (19. 5±7. 5) μg/L,(280. 6±73. 9)μg/L vs. (127. 4±42. 0) μg/L),and the difference was statistically significant(t=12. 324,7. 892;P<0. 05) . ROC curve showed that the diagnosis of SBP sensitivity was 82. 30%,the specificity was 78. 36%,the area un?der ROC curve AUC value was 0. 821 when Cut?off value of LBP in ascites was 23. 5 g/L;the diagnosis of SBP sensitivity was 85. 59%,the specificity was 81. 24%,the area under ROC curve AUC value was 0. 856 when Cut?off value of LBP in serum was 152. 1μg/L. Conclusion LBP levels in serum and ascites in cirrhotic patients for the differential diagnosis of SBP has some clinical value.