Sirtuin is a type of deacetylase acted on histone. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is the most homologous to the homologue of silent information regulator 2 (SIR2) in mammals. Its main function is to regulate the body energy metabolism, cell senescence and response to stress. SIRTI inhibits apoptosis through the interaction of several transcription factors involving in stress response. It is a neuroprotective gent.

OBJECTIVE: To survey the habits of public drug use in China and its reasons and to put forward countermeasures so as to provide reference for government and decision-making department. METHODS: From Nov. 2008 to Feb. 2009, questionnaire survey was adopted in 31 provincial administrative regions except for Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. 26 000 questionnaires were collected and 1 100 physicians were interviewed. SPSS17.0 software was used to analyze 11 796 valid questionnaires statistically. The frequency of words used by physicians was counted. RESULTS: The residents don’t have enough knowledge to support them to use medicine rationally. And they are not compliant with prescription but take medicine by arbitrariness. 44.88% of residents don’t buy medicines according to prescriptions and 74.39% don’t take medicine following treatment course, stop taking medicine once symptom relieve or change the category of drugs frequently. CONCLUSION: The improvement of pharmaceutical market environment, enhancement of medication guide and popularization of medication knowledge can promote rational use of drug.

Objective To investigate the effects on brain tissue p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) and neuroprotective effect of edarvone after focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in mice.Methods A total of 196 healthy male Kunming mice were randomly divided into four groups:a sham operation group,an ischemia-reperfusion group,a saline control group,and an edaravone group (n =49 in each group).A middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mothod was used to induce a cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model.At 2 h after ischemia,immediately after reperfusion in the edaravone group and the saline control group,edaravone (5 mg/kg) and the same volume of saline were injected intraperitoneally in mice,then repeated once every 24 h.At 2 h after MCAO,the brain water content and infarct volume at different time points after reperfusion (12 h,24 h,48 h,and 3 d) were measured respectively.At 24 h after MCAO,the expressions of AQP4 and p38 MAPK in the brain tissue of ischemic peripheral cortex were measured by Western blotting.Results The volumes of cerebral infarction (all P ＜ 0.01) and the brain water contents (all P ＜0.05) in the edaravone group were decreased than those in the ischemia-reperfusion group and saline control group at different time points,and they were most significant at 48 h.After 24-h reperfusion,the expression levels of AQP4 (0.985 ± 0.129,1.024 ± 0.117,0.713 ± 0.231) and phospho-p38 MAPK (1.123 ± 0.142,1.214 ± 0.096,0.986 ± 0.087) in the brain tissue of ischemic peripheral cortex in the ischemia-reperfusion group,the saline control group,and the edaravone group were upregulated significantly than those in the sham operation group (AQP4:0.265 ± 0.123;phospho-p38 MAPK:0.465 ±0.023;all P ＜0.01),but edaravone group were significantly lower than the ischemia-reperfusion group and the saline control group (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Edaravone can downregulate the expression level of AQP4 and effectively protect cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in mice,Its mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of p38 MAPK pathway.

Left atrial myxoma is one of the rare causes of cerebral infarction.As the left atrial myxoma complicated artery embolization is more common in cerebral vessels,the first clinical manifestation of about 1/3 patients with left atrial myxoma was cerebral infarction.This article reports a 24-year young female without common vascular risk factors,including hypertension,diabetes,and hyperlipidemia.Multiple cerebral infarctions are the first symptom in patients with left atrial myxoma,and they are analyzed in combination with literature.

AIM To study the antitumor activity of astragalosides(AST) and its mechanism of action. METHODS By using two experimental models of hepatoma(HepA) and Sarcoma 180 in mice, the rate of inhibition of tumor weight AST on the growth of HepA and S180 tumor cells were tested. The growth inhibition of AST on Hela cells was detected by MTT assay. The effect of AST on cell cycle and apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry and TUNEL. RESULTS AST inhibited the growth of tumor cells of HepA and S180 in mice. AST inhibited the growth of Hela cell in concentration dependent manner with IC 50 of 80 4 mg?L -1 . Flow cytomety analgsis showed that G 0/G 1 phase rate was increased but S phase rate was decreased. The apoptosis rate of Hela cells treated with AST( 80 and 160 mg?L -1 ) was significantly higher than that of control. CONCLUSION AST can inhibit the growth of tumor cells of HepA and S180 in mice and the growth of HeLa cells in vitro . Causing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis is probably one of the mechanisms of antitumor effect by AST.

OBJECTIVE:To improve the system of management and maintenance for the purification air-conditioning system in PIVAS,and to further strengthen the management of cleaning environment. METHODS:The cleanness monitoring project of purifi-cation air-conditioning system in PIVAS of our hospital was introduced in terms of temperature and humidity record,pressure differ-ence record,airborne particles detection,settling microbe monitoring report. And the monitoring results were analyzed. RESULTS:The temperature and humidity,pressure difference of clean area in PIVAS of our hospital are both in line with the standard of Phar-macy Intravenous Admixture Quality Management Specification (2010 edition),i.e. temperature at 18-26 ℃,relative humidity of 40%-65%;negative pressure difference between antibiotics,hazardous drug dispensing area and second dressing room are 5-10 Pa. The number of airborne particles (average static particle/m3) at various cleanness degrees in clean area are all in line with the standard of GMP(2010 edition),i.e. maximal allowable number of airborne particles(≥0.5 μm)were 3 520/m3(100 degree);352 000/m3 (10 000 degree);3 520 000/m3 (100 000 degree). The percentage of qualified static settling microbe detection reach 100%in clean area,which is in line with the standard of Settling Microbe Detection Method in Clean Room(Area) of Pharmaceu-tical Industry,i.e. criteria for settling microbe(90 mm)CFU/0.5 h≤1(100 degree);≤3(10 000 degree);≤10(100 000 degree). The percentage of qualified dynamic settling microbe detection is in low level,especially those of dispensing room and secondary dressing room only reaches 80%. CONCLUSIONS:It’s important for effective hospital infection control in PIVAS,the quality im-provement of intravenous injection,the safety guarantee of drug use in patients to further improve standard operation procedure of purification air-conditioning system management and maintenance,and manage and maintain the purification air-conditioning sys-tem completely and scientifically.

Objective To develop an HPLC method for the determination of mycophenolic acid(MPA), mycophenolic acid glucuronide(MPAG) in plasma.Methods The samples were precipitated with zinc sulphate-methanol solution before injection.Carbamazepine was selected as internal standard,ZORBAX XDB C18 (4.6 mm ×250 mm,5 μm) column was used and the flow rate was 1 mL/min.The mobile phase consisted of methanol-acetonitrile-potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer solution(gradient elution) .The column temperature was 30℃ and the detective wave length was 254 nm.And then the MPA,MPAG concentration of 32 patients in 7-14 days after renal transplantion were determined.Results The assay was linear within 0.2-50μg/mL for MPA, 2.5-500 μg/mL for MPAG(r>0.999).Absolute recovery rates of MPA,MPAG were more than 80%, the recoveries were between 90%-110%.The intra-day and inter-day RSDs were both lower than 10%.Totally 32 cases of renal transplantion patiens were with mycophenolate mofetil at the dose of 1-1.5 g/d,and MPA in plasma was within the range of 0.32-6.19μg/mL,MPAG in plasma was within the range of 9.52-149.25μg/mL.Conclusion The method is accurate, convenient and rapid, which could be used in the quantitative determination of plasma concentration of MPA,MPAG in renal transplantion patients.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the role of clinical pharmacists on pharmaceutical care for allergic reaction caused by ox-aliplatin. METHODS:Clinical pharmacists conducted pharmaceutical care for a patient with oxaliplatin-induced allergic reaction, and suggested stopping taking oxaliplatin,giving Dexamethasone injection 5 mg and then slowing down injection speed. RE-SULTS:Physicians adopted the suggestions of clinical pharmacists. Allergic reaction relieved 5 min after giving Dexamethasone in-jection. The patient didn't suffered from this allergic reaction again under tight supervision. CONCLUSIONS:Oxaliplatin is often used for tumor therapy. Medical staff should be familiar with the prevention,diagnosis and treatment of ADR,evaluate oxaliplatin chemotherapy plan in advance and screen high risk allergy factor. The participation of clinical pharmacists in pharmaceutical care contribute to ADR monitoring and promote safe and rational drug use in the clinic.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the clinical related factors of leucopenia induced by azathioprine in the treatment of inflam-matory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS:Clinical information of 114 IBD patients were collected from our hospital during Jan. 2013-Mar. 2015. Steady concentration of AZA metabolite 6-thioguanine(6-TGNs)in red blood cell was determined by HPLC. The correlation of patient’s gender,age,diseases,AZA daily dose and blood concentration of 6-TGNs with leucopenia induced by AZA were investigated. The optimal critical value of leucopenia could be predicted with ROC curves. RESULTS:Among 114 IBD patients,40 patients suffered from leucopenia(35.1%). There was no statistical significance in the proportion of leucopenia among patients with different age,gender,diseases and AZA daily dose(P>0.05). There was statistical significance in the proportion of leucopenia among patients with different concentrations of 6-TGNs(P<0.05). Mean blood concentration of 6-TGNs in leukopenia patients [(407.82±262.88)pmol/(8×108)RBC] was higher than patients with normal leukocyte level [(275.85±118.37)pmol/(8× 108)RBC],with statistical significance(P<0.05). ROC curve predicted that the optimal critical value of leucopenia was blood con-centration of 6-TGNs>291.04 pmol/(8 × 108)RBC. CONCLUSIONS:AZA induced leucopenia may be related to the concentration of 6-TGNs in red blood cell of IBD patients,and high concentration of 6-TGNs is risk factors of leucopenia. Clinicians can provide AZA individual treatment for IBD patient to reduce the occurrence of leucopenia according to routine blood test and the concentra-tion of 6-TGNs.

Objective To evaluate the application value of virtual touch tissue quantification (VTQ)for evaluating small focal liver lesions.Methods Seventy-seven patients with 89 small focal liver lesions,whose largest diameter were less than or equal to 3 cm were evaluated with VTQ.The shcar wave velocity (SWV) of the tumor and background liver parenchyma were calculated,and their results were compared with those of 40 healthy subjects.Statistical analysis was performed on the SWV for the differentiation of normal liver,background liver parenchyma and lesions.The cut-off point for SWV was obtained by using ROC curve analysis which was used to predict malignancy lesions.Results The SWV of malignant lesions was significantly higher than that of benign ones [(2.56-± 0.67) m/s vs (1.70 ± 0.55) m/s,P =0.000].The SWV of metastatic liver carcinoma which came from lung cancer and breast cancer were higher than that of gastrointestinal tract cancer transfers (P =0.000).Based on 1.93 m/s as the cut-off point of SWV value,the sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive predictive value and negative predictive value for diagnosing malignancies were 82.0 ％,84.6％,83.15 ％,87.23 ％ and 78.57 ％ respectively.Conclusions VTQ technique can help the differential diagnosis of small focal liver lesions.