CYP2C9 is an important enzyme of drug metabolism expressed in liver, It can metabolize several clinically important drugs, some with a low therapeutic index. This review summarizes the CYP2C9 gene structure, induction mechanism, known polymorphism and functional significances and their population frequencies.

Alternative splicing is strictly affected by special cell or tissue and the stage of development so that it plays a vital role in development, cell or tissue differentiation and their function, accordingly, abnormal splicing will cause the functional disorder of body, and heritable diseases. Currently, the investigation on regulation of alternative splicing and its mechanism, function of its products and how to apply it into clinical practices is one of the extremely important area of pharmacogenomics

The secondary mental disorder is one of the complications of senile cerebrovascular disease, the medication is different from generic mental disorder. This article summarized the medication of elder patients with secondary mental disorder.

This study was aimed to analyze the influence of Dioscorea opposita Thunb. by processing methods from the aspect of formula. The search was made on formulae containing Dioscorea opposita Thunb. from the classic book For-mula Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Processing methods were analyzed and shown with charts by EXCEL. The results showed that the most frequently used processing methods for Dioscorea opposita Thunb. were stir-heating, dry and crude in the clinical practice. Among them, the stir-heating Dioscorea opposita Thunb. was good at reinforcing the spleen and the kidneys. The crude produce was good at tonifying the lungs. And the dry product was good at rein-forcing the kidneys. It was concluded that the processing methods had obvious influence on the clinical function of Dioscorea opposita Thunb., which can be used as reference of more value for the clinics and health cultivation.

OBJECTIVE:To study the infections induced by ureaplasma urealyticum(UU) and mycoplasma hominis(MH) in Huangshi city and their antibiotic resistance for reference of clinical rational drug use.METHODS:UU and MH were detected by mycoplasma rapid culture and drug sensitivity test kit.RESULTS:Of the total 350 patients who were suspected as having nongonococcal urethritis(NGU),152(43.43%) were positive in mycoplasma detection.52 of the total 146 male cases were positive(35.62%),and 100 among the 204 female cases were positive(49.02%),with positive detection rate significantly higher than in male case(?2=6.222,P

Objective To evaluate the role of autophagy in apoptosis in cortical neurons of rats in the early phase of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD).Methods Female Sprague-Dawley rats at 16-18 days of gestation,weighing 350-400 g,were sacrificed after being anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium.The fetal rats were obtained and the primary cortical neurons were isolated and seeded in culture plates.The neurons were then divided into 4 groups (n =7 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),OGD 30 min group,OGD 1 h group,OGD 2 h group,and OGD 3 h group,OGD + autophagy inducer rapamycin group (OGD + R group),and OGD + autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) group (OGD + 3-MA group).The neurons were incubated in sugar-free DMEM medium containing 5％ CO2 and 95％ N2 for 30 min,1,2 and 3 h in OGD 30 min,1 h,2 h,and 3 h groups,respectively.Rapamycin (final concentration of 100 nmol/L) and 3-MA (final concentration of 10 mmol/L) were added to sugar-free DMEM medium in OGD + R and OGD + 3-MA groups,respectively,and the neurons were then incubated for 1 h.The CCK-8 assay was used to detect the neuronal viability after the end of OGD.The expression of caspase-3 and LC3 Ⅱ was measured by Western blot.Results Compared with C group,the survival rates of cortical neurons were significantly decreased in the other groups,the expression of LC3 Ⅱ was up-regulated in OGD 30 min,1 h,2 h and 3 h groups,no significant change was found in caspase-3 expression in OGD + R group,and the expression of caspase-3 was up-regulated in the other groups.Compared with OGD 1 h group,the survival rates of cortical neurons were significantly decreased in OGD2 h,OGD3 h and OGD + 3-MA groups,the survival rates of cortical neurons were increased,and the expression of caspase-3 was down-regulated in OGD + R group,the expression of LC3 Ⅱ was up-regulated in OGD + 3-MA group,and the expression of LC3 Ⅱ was down-regulated in OGD2 h and 3 h groups.Conclusion Autophagy initiated in the early phase of OGD can inhibit apoptosis in cortical neurons of fetal rats.

This study was aimed to explore the compatible mechanism of Shanyao, Fuling and Baishu in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) cosmetology. Based on compatible principles, combination characteristics and modern relat-ed researches, the authors made an in-depth analysis on the modern scientific meaning and clinical application of Shanyao, Fuling and Baishu. The results showed that the compatibility of Shanyao, Fuling and Baishu was mainly used as a compatible group in TCM cosmetology. It was concluded that the compatible mechanism of Shanyao, Fuling and Baishu was flexible, which can be widely used in the clinical practice.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Gateway-Wingspan system for treatment of symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis. Methods: The clinical data of 31 patients with symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis in the Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University First Hospital were analyzed retrospectively from June 2008 to June 2011. The stenotie rate was all >50%. According to Mori's classification, 7 patients were type A and 24 were type B. The patients were treated by using Gateway-Wingspan system and were followed up and evaluated. The perioperative and postoperative complications were observed. Results: Circled digit oneOf the 31 patients, the average stenosis rate in Mori type A patients before procedure was 72.2 ± 4.5% and after Wingspan stenting was 21.6 ± 2.1%. In Mori type B patients, the average preoperative stenosis rate was 75.1 ± 7.0% and after stenting was 24.2 ± 3.8%, the success rate of Wingspan stenting was 96.8%. One patient had perioperative complications; he had unilateral limb weakness and lethargy. Head CT and MRI did not reveal significant infarction and hematoma. Circled digit twoOf the 31 patients, 2 were lost follow-up observation, and the remaining patients were followed up for 5 to 41 months. None of them had cerebral infarction on the stent side within 1 month after procedure. Of the 16 patients whom followed-up with DSA, no restenosis (0/5) was found in the Mori type A patients after procedure. In the 11 Mori type B patients, 4 had restenosis (4/11, P = 0.245) and 2 of them occurred ischemic events after stenting but no mortality. Conclusion: Gateway-Wingspan system in the treatment of symptomatic intracranial stenosis is safe and efficient through rigorous screening of patients. Its long-term efficacy and how to prevent the postoperative restenosis warrant further investigation.

Objective To investigate the clinucal value of the application of supporting laryngoscope combined laryngeal endoscope in excision for benign lesions of vocal cords.Methods 124 cases with benign lesions of vocal cords were resected under supporting laryngoscope combined larygeal endoscope,the effectiveness of surgical procedures were observed and evaluated.Results Lesions in all cases were resected successfully,mucosa of vocal cords returned to their normal state in all cases when observed through layngofiberscope.Vocal quality was significantly improved in 122 cases.Conclesion The application of supporting laryngoscope combined larygeal endoscope could provide a wild and clear sight,and make the exact procedure and minimal trauma in excision for benign lesions of vocal cords become possible.

Chemoprevention is the use of natural or synthetic substances to prevent、suppress or to reverse the development of colorectal cancer.Aspirin and cox-2 inhibitor are the most effective preventive agents.However,the gastrointestinal and cardiovascular adverse effects limit the application.Recurrent adenomas can be markedly reduced by a combination of difluoromethylornithine and sulinclac and with few side effects.5-aminosalicylate and ursodeoxycholic acid have become the focus of inflammatory bowel disease.The double roles of folate need further study.Statins and EGFR inhibitors have some effects,which are in early clinical studies.The article reviews the new progress of chemoprevention of colorectal cancer.