OBJECTIVE:To extract and identify the volatile components of the roots of Polyalthia nemoralis,and to evaluate its biological activity in vitro. METHODS:Supercritical CO2 extraction (SFE-CO2) was performed to extract volatile compounds from the roots of P. nemoralis,and the volatile components were separated and determined by GC-MS. Human hepatic cancer Huh-7 cells were cultured with 0(blank control),5,10,20,30,40 and 50 μg(medicinal material)/ml extract for 24 h,and then MTT assay was used to detect the inhibitory effect of the extracts on cells. Relative cell viability and IC50 were calculated. The an-ti-bacterial activities of extract to Staphylococcus aureus,Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,Enterococcus faecalis and oth-er strain were determined by Kirby-bauer method and broth dilution method. RESULTS:Forty compounds were identified from the SFE-CO2 extracts from the roots of P. nemoralis. The main constituents were(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octa-decatrien-1-ol,glycerin,cinna-maldehyde,n-hexadecanoic acid and eugenol. Compared with blank control group,SFE-CO2 extracts from the roots of P. nemoralis 5 μg(medicinal material)/ml and above showed significant inhibitory effect on cell growth(P<0.05),and the inhibitory effect was strengthened as the concentration of extracts increased,IC50 values was 5.2 μg(medicinal material)/ml. However,the supercritical extract didn't showed antibacterial activity against three microorganisms in 2 kinds of antibacterial tests. CONCLUSIONS:SFE-CO2 and GC-MS method can effectively extract and identify volatile components of the roots of P. nemoralis,and supercritical extracts can inhibit the viability of cells but have no antibacterial activity.

Objective To detect the changes in vertebral marrow fat fraction (MFF) using T2 *-corrected water-fat MRI and to analyze the relationships between MFF with bone biomarkers of non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods 78 CKD patients were divided into five groups according to the eGFR and underwent water/fat MRI to obtain MFF.The reliability of MFF measurements by two radiologists was assessed with intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC).Serum calcium,phosphorus,alkaline phosphatase,osteocalcin,intact parathyroid hormone and 25(OH)D3 were determined.Results Mean CV for MFF measurements reproducibility was 2.37％.The inter-observer agreement for MFF was excellent (ICC=0.901).The ICC for each intra-observer agreement was excellent (ICC=0.959 and 0.948,respectively).There were statistical differences in MFF among five groups of CKD.Changes of MFF were earlier than those of serum calcium,phosphorus,parathyroid hormone,alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin.MFF was positively correlated with serum phosphorus (r =3.011,P =0.003),parathyroid hormone (r=3.852,P＜0.001),and negatively associated with calcium (r=-2.767,P=0.017),25(OH)D3 (r=6.032,P＜0.001),eGFR (r=-5.104,P＜0.001),respectively.Multivariable regression analysis showed MFF was negatively correlated with 25(OH)D3(Sβ=-0.343)and eGFR(S(S=-0.284,P＜0.001).Conclusion CKD patients had higher marrow fat.T2 *-corrected water fat MRI could serve as a useful tool to quantify marrow fat content for CKD patients.