Humanistic quality is an important part of the overall quality of university students and has the orientation and direction function for the improvement of the latter.Considering the features of the Chinese Medicine Science,the author attempts to do beneficial research on improving the humanistic education with the characteristics of the local culture by reforming courses,interpreting classical works and focusing on practice in the cultural background of South of Five Ridges.This research has great practical significance for the improvement of the education quality of Chinese Medicine Science.

Objective To investigate the effects of propofol and sevoflurane on adriamycin chemotherapy-induced myocardial damage in rats.Methods Twenty-four healthy male Wistar rats, aged 3 months, weighing 212-270 g, were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =6 each) using a random number table: control group (group C) , adriamycin group (group ADM) , adriamycin-propofol group (group ADM-Pro) , and adriamycin-sevoflurane group (group ADM-Sevo).The equal volume of normal saline was injected intraperitoneally in group C.In group ADM, adriamycin 2.5 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally once every other day for 6 times (11 days in total).In group ADM-Pro, adriamycin 2.5 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally once every other day for 6 times, and at 3 days after the last administration of adriamycin, propofol anesthesia was performed as follows : the total amount of propofol injected intraperitoneally was 200 mg/kg, the initial dose was 100 mg/kg, and 1 h later the remaining amount was added, and the duration of anesthesia was about 2 h.In group ADM-Sevo, adriamycin 2.5 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally once every other day for 6 times, and at 3 days after the last administration of adriamycin, sevoflurane anesthesia was performed as follows: 1.5％-3.0％ sevoflurane was inhaled for 2 h.After the end of anesthesia, blood samples were collected for determination of serum cardiac troponin (cTnI) concentrations.Myocardial specimens were collected for detection of caspase-3 expression by immuno-histochemistry.Results Compared with group C, the serum cTnI concentration was significantly increased, and the caspase-3 expression was up-regulated in ADM, ADM-Pro and ADM-Sevo groups (P＜ 0.05).Compared with group ADM, the serum cTnI concentration was significantly decreased, and the caspase-3 expression was down-regulated in ADM-Pro and ADM-Sevo groups (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the parameters mentioned above between group ADM-Pro and group ADM-Sevo (P＞0.05).Conclusion Propofol and sevoflurane both can mitigate adriamycin chemotherapy-induced myocardial damage in rats, without significant difference in the efficacy.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of high-frequency jec ventilation and bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) ventilation in the severe dyspnea caused by central airway stenosis and explore the deferent application of two ventilation models.MethodsA retrospective analysis was designed to collect the serious dyspnea patients caused by central airway stenosis from January 2006 to January 2009.The patients were divided into group H and group B according to the different ventilation models,and the effect of relieving dyspnea and ameliorating hypoxemia was compared.ResultsSeven cases were in group H,and 9 cases were in group B.The therapeutic effect of relieving dyspnea was 14.29 ％(1/7) in group H.There were only 4 cases accepting high-frequency jec ventilation and the effect of relieving dyspnea was 25.00％(1/4).Two cases failed in high-frequency jec ventilation treatment and succeeded in BiPAP treatment thereafter,and 1 case failed in BiPAP treatment initially but was treated effectively by high-frequency jec ventilation after dyspnea relapsed.In group B,there were only 6 cases accepting BiPAP ventilation and the effect ofrelieving dyspnea was 83.33％ (5/6),and after adding the cases who accepting the sequential therapy of high-frequency jec ventilation and BiPAP ventilation the effect rate was 88.89％ (8/9).The difference had statistical significance(P =0.006).In ameliorating hypoxemia,the effect rate of group H was 100.00％ (7/7),of group B was 88.89％(8/9),and the difference had no statistical significance (P =0.563 ).Conclusions The high-frequency je ventilation is effective to relieve hypoxemia but is short of relieving dyspnea and subjective symptom,and it is suit for life support preoperative and intraoperative.The BiPAP ventilation is effective to relieve dyspnea and subjective symptom and hypoxemia,so the treatment effect is better than high-frequency jec ventilation,and it is suit in relieving symptom temporarily,pre-operative preparation and malignant tumor palliative treatment.

ObjectiveTo investigate the role of δ-opioid receptor in remifentanil-induced N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) in rat spinal dorsal horn neurons.MethodsMale 14-18 d old Wistar rats weighing 50-60 g were used in this study.The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal choral hydrate 400 mg/kg and sacrificed.Their lumbar segments of spinal cord (L1-S1 ) were immediately removed and sliced.Twenty-four slices were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n =6 each): control group (group C) ; glycine group (group G) ; remifentanil group (group R) and remifentanil + naltrindole(a δ receptor antagon) (group RN).Slices were cultured in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) (group C) or incubated in ACSF containing glycine 0.24 μmol/L (group G) or remifentanil 4 nmol/L (group R) or remifentanil 4 nmol/L+ naltrindole 1 nmol/L (group RN) for 60 min.Whole cell patch clamp technique was used to measure NMDA receptor mEPSCs.ResultsThe amplitude and frequency of mEPSCs were significantly higher in group R than in groups C and RN ( P ＜ 0.01).There were no significant differences in amplitude and frequency of mEPSCs among gorups C,G and RN ( P ＞ 0.05).ConclusionActivation of δ-receptor can enhance NMDA receptor function in spinal dorsal horn neurons in rats which may be the mechanism of remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia.

Objective:To analyze the distribution and drug sensitivity of pathogens and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) related measurements in AIDS patients with central nervous system (CNS) infections in Chongqing, so as to provide guidance for etiological diagnosis and rational use of antibiotics in AIDS patients with CNS infections.Methods:A total of 173 AIDS patients with CNS infections were divided into fungal group, Gram-positive bacilli group, Gram-positive cocci group and Gram-negative bacilli group. During the same period, 198 AIDS patients with non-CNS infection visited this hospital were enrolled into the control group. CSF and blood were collected for bacterial culture. The composition and drug resistance of pathogens were analyzed. The levels of CSF related measurements were determined and compared.Results:A total of 173 strains of pathogens were isolated from the CSF of the AIDS patients with CNS infections. The 173 strains included 101 (58.38%) fungi, 39 (22.54%) Gram-positive bacilli, 24 (13.87%) Gram positive cocci and 9 (5.20%) Gram-negative bacilli; 230 strains of pathogens were isolated from the blood of the AIDS patients with non CNS infections. The 198 strains were composed of 107(54.04%) fungi, 65 (32.83%) Gram positive cocci and 26 (13.13%) Gram-negative bacilli. Antifungal sensitivity testing result of Cryptococcus neoformans showed that MIC of amphotericin B, fluorocytosine, fluconazole, voriconazole and itraconazole were≤4, ≤32, ≤8, ≤1 and ≤1 μg/ml. The resistance rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to rifampicin was 7.69%. The result of drug sensitivity of coagulase negative staphylococci isolated from patients with CNS infections and non-CNS infections were consistent. There were significant differences among Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter. Compared with the control group, the levels of protein were higher and the levels of chloride and glucose were lower in fungal group, Gram-positive bacteria group, Gram-positive coccus group and Gram-negative bacteria group ( t=3.408-9.249, all P<0.011). The levels of protein, adenosine deaminase (ADA) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) in Gram-positive bacilli group were significantly higher than those in fungal group, Gram-positive coccus group, Gram-negative bacteria group and control group ( t=3.836-7.686, all P<0.037). Conclusions:The pathogens causing CNS and blood infections in AIDS patients were widely distributed, mainly dominated by fungus. The CSF related measurements varied with different pathogens, so as to assist in the etiological diagnosis of CNS infections.