Simultaneous distillation-extractor was used for extracting the volatile substances in Phellodendron chinense Schneid.41 Volatile components were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method. Of them the main components are ketones(16.38%),aldehydes(13.94%),alcohols(8.27%),phenols(50.38%),esters(3.02%),acids(2.18%).The content of the 41 identified compounds makes up 97.50% of the total volatile substances detected

Aim To investigate the effects of 17β-es-tradiol on the apoptosis induced by ketamine in primary cultured cortical neurons. Methods Primary cultured cortical neurons were treated with different concentra-tions of ketamine or 17β-estradiol respectively. 24 hours after various treatments, neuron viability was measured by MTT assay. The structure of neurons was analyzed using microscope. Apoptotic neurons were de-termined by the TUNEL assay. The level of pAkt ex-pression was analyzed by Western blot. ResultsCompared with the control group, ketamine decreased neuron viability in a dose-dependent manner. Com-pared with ketamine group, 17β-estradiol increased neuron viability in a dose-dependent manner. Lack of three-dimensional sense,faded color,uncleared outline
were observed, and fractured neuron axons or neurons death were also observed in neurons treated by 100μmol · L-1 ketamine. 100 μmol · L-1 ketamine in-creased the number of apoptotic neurons and decreased the expression of pAkt. 0.1 μmol · L-1 17β-estradiol decreased the number of apoptotic neurons and in-creased the expression of pAkt. LY294002 inhibited the protective effects of 17β-estradiol, the number of apoptotic neurons increased, and the level of pAkt de-creased significantly. Conclusion 17β-estradiol ex-erts the neuroprotective effects against ketamine-in-duced neuroapoptosis by activating the PI3 K/Akt sig-naling pathway.

Objective To establish the method of determination for rhein, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion in Niuhuang Qinghuo Pills. Methods Sample was hydrolyzed by 20% H2 SO4 , and anthraquinones were extracted by soxhlet extraction with acetone as solvent, and were determined by HPLC with Kromasil C18 as column, methanol-0.5%H3 PO4 (75:25,V/V) as mobile phase at the flow of 1.0 mL/min, 230 nm as the detection wavelength.Results The linear relationship of rhein, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion were 1.50-150, 0.950-95.0, 1.30-130 and 1.15-115 mg/L. The anthraquinones were seperated completely, the recovery of 4 anthraquinones were 98.14% -101.3%.Conclusion This method is simple, accurate, steady, and could be used for the quality control of Niuhuang Qinghuo Pills.

Objective: To extract and determine the flavonoids of hawthorn fruits and their antioxidative effect. Method: The ultrasonic method was used for extracting flavonoids. The content of flavonoids was determined by spectrophotometry, and the antioxidation effect was determined by flow-injection chemiluminescence.. Results and Conclution: The recovery rate was 96%～105% and the coefficient of variation was 0.14 % by spectrophotometry. Hawthorn fruits had high antioxidative effect, showing dose-response relation.

BACKGROUND:In root canal preparation, the clearance effect of sodium hypochlorite for root canal irrigation on the smear layer is associated with the contact time and contact area of irrigation fluid, the amount of irrigation fluid, irrigation fluid temperature, irrigation fluid concentration, flushing methods and so on. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the clearance effect of 3% sodium hypochlorite on the smear layer of root canal under different flushing methods, flushing temperature and flushing time. METHODS:Totaly 180 isolated front teeth with single root were colected and root canal preparation was conducted using motorized ProTaper. The root canal was flushed with 3% sodium hypochlorite. According to different flushing methods, these root canals were randomly and evenly divided into root canal active flushing group, passive ultrasound swished group and side opening flushing needle group. According to the flushing temperature and the flushing time after replacing a file, each group was randomly divided into six subgroups: 20℃ 30 seconds group, 20℃ 60 seconds group, 37 ℃ 30 se group. The clearance effect on the smear layer of root canal was observed using scanning electron microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The general clearance effect on the smear layer in the root canal active flushing group was better than that in the passive ultrasound swished group and side opening flush acupuncture group (P< 0.05). At the same time, the clearance effect on the smear layer in the 60℃ group was better that that in the 37 ℃ group and 20℃group (P < 0.05). At a certain temperature, the clearance effect on the smear layer in 60 seconds group was better than that in the 30 seconds group (P < 0.05). The clearance effect on the smear layer in the 1/3 root cap zone was better than that in the 1/3 root and 1/3 apical root zone (P < 0.05). These results show that the best clearance effect on the smear layer can be achieved as folows: 3% sodium hypochlorite irrigation at 60℃ for 60 seconds.

【Objective】 To investigate the main causes of blood donor deferral in domestic blood center. 【Methods】 The causes of donor deferral were classified into 12 categories as previous medical history, drug use, alcohol consumption, menstrual period, underweight, abnormal blood pressure, abnormal body temperature, abnormal hemoglobin (Hb), lipemic blood, positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and others according to the comparison indicators of Asia-Pacific Blood Network (APBN) and the national standard Blood Donor Health Examination Requirements. The relevant data of the top 3 causes of donor deferral, voluntarily reported by the members of Practice Comparison Working Group of China’s Mainland Blood Collection and Supply Institutions from 2014 to 2019, were collected and a histogram was generated. 【Results】 The median donor deferral rate of 20 domestic blood centers from 2014 to 2019 was 12.14%, with the lowest at 0.18% and highest at 32.32%, respectively. The top three causes for donor deferral were elevated ALT, abnormal Hb and abnormal blood pressure in year 2014, 2015, 2018 and 2019; elevated ALT, lipemic blood and abnormal blood pressure in 2016; elevated ALT, abnormal Hb, and lipemic blood in 2017. 【Conclusion】 The main causes of donor deferral were elevated ALT, abnormal Hb, abnormal blood pressure and lipemic blood.

【Objective】 To explore the recruitment and retention strategy of blood donors by investigating the age composition of blood donors in some areas of China, so as to promote blood donation and enhance clinical blood supply. 【Methods】 Through the working platform of Practice Comparison Working Group of China’s Mainland Blood Collection and Supply Institutions, the average age and age composition of blood donors from 22 blood centers were collected, and statistical analysis was conducted after eliminating invalid data. 【Results】 The median average age of blood donors during the survey year was 30.02.The median age in 2.89% of the blood centers was lower than 25. The average age of different genders was statistically significant only in 2018(P<0.05). Fot first-time blood donors, the median constituent ratio of donors <25 and ≥25 years old was 54.53% and 44.28%, with median retention rate at 10.30% and 9.61%, respectively. The median overall participation rate of blood donors was 2.7%, with median participation rate of blood donors <25 years old at 5.1%. 【Conclusion】 The recruitment and retention of blood donor is crucial to enhance clinical blood supply. Blood donors <25 years old, with a longer period for future donation, should be the main target of blood donation recruitment. Meanwhile, the revision of upper age limit for blood donation is another important initiative to grow the blood donor pool.