Bioethics evolved from traditional medical ethics impinges upon the sanctity of life together with its intrinsic logical fallacy and shows it in stark contrast with the concept of the quality of life,which fallacy has made end-of-life and other critical decisions hard to be materialized.The continuous development and progress of life sciences out of the constraints of old-fashioned and outdated faiths and theological considerations need to further the utilitarian appeals in order to promote both individual and social net gains in beneficence and benefits.Aiming at the Pareto Optimum,the social and individual value systems should be regarded separately,with the latter considered in a closed way,allowing for autonomy or self-determination in the evaluation of intrinsic values.In this manner,related morality and legal systems as necessary and unavoidable vices are expected to be improved and to serve and guide our medical practices.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the quality standard for Catechu anti-diarrhea ointment.METHODS:TLC was applied to identify the properties of medicinal ingredients in the formula;HPLC was adopted to determine the main effective ingredient catechin in Catechu.A stability test was then conducted.RESULTS:TLC determination revealed good results.Catechin showed a good linear relationship at a range of 0.364～ 1.82? g.The average recovery was 98.94%(RSD=1.28%,n=5).CONCLUSION:The standard can be applied to the quality control of Catechu Anti-diarrhea ointment.

Objective To study the effects of sodium nitropnisside on early left ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods 50 patients with ST segment elevating AMI who hadn' t been PCI or thrombolysis because of the delayed visiting time or poverty were randomly devided into two groups. Treatment group (n = 26) was treated with Sodium Nitropnisside on the basis of routine therapy and control group treated with Nitroglycerol and ACEI/ARB. In 4th week after AMI,left ventricular systolic volume index( LESVI) ,left ventricular diastolic volume index ( LEDAI), left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF) and left bventricular diastolic early and advanced stage engorging velocity ratio(E/A) were detected by ultrasonography. Results LESVI and LEDAI were significantly decreased and LVEF and E/A were significant increased after treated with Sodium Nitropnisside. There was significantly difference between two groups. Conclusion Sodium Nitropnisside could effectively prevent and treat patients with early left ventricular remodeling after AMI.

10.3969/j.issn.1008-9691.2013.03.016

Gene mutation is known to play an important role in carcinogenesis.There are two types of p53 gene,wild-type and mutant-type.In order to observe the relationship between p53 gene mutation and cutaneous squarnous epithelial ceil tumours,immunohistochemical study was carried out for p53 ex- pression in the epidermis from 29 patients with cutaneous squamous epithelial cell tumouts using a new immunohistochemical technique labelled streptavidin biotin system.The results showed that p53 positive staining was only confined to areas of atypical proliferation of epithelia in 3/6 cases of actinic keratosis. 6/10 cases of Bowen's disease and 8/13 cases of squamous cell carcinoma showed that p53 positive staining was seen throughout the tumour.It is suggested that p53 gene mutation might play an impor- tant role in cutaneous squamous epithlial cell tumour formation.

AIM:To investigate the expression and clinical significance of PAK4 in the cell lines and tissues of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).METHODS:PAK4 expression in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells, NSCLC cell lines, NSCLC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues were assessed by immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR and Western blot.Prognostic value of PAK4 expression was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression.RE-SULTS:PAK4 was over-expressed in the NSCLC cell lines at both mRNA and protein levels compared with HBE cells ( P<0.05).PAK4 was over-expressed in the NSCLC tissues at both mRNA and protein levels compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues (P<0.05).PAK4 was over-expressed in the metastatic NSCLC tissues compared with the primary NSCLC tissues (P<0.05).Higher PAK4 staining scores were positively correlated with differentiation, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and clinical stage.Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test showed that overall survival was significantly different between the patients with up-regulated PAK4 and the patients with down-regulated PAK4 ( P<0.05) .PAK4 over-expression was associated with NSCLC progression.CONCLUSION:Increased PAK4 expression was associated with tumor invasion, metastasis and prognosis in the patients with NSCLC.PAK4 is an important prognostic marker and potential ther-apeutic target in NSCLC.

AIM:To explore the mechanism of p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4) on non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) migration and invasion.METHODS:After A549 and NCI-H520 cell lines were transfected with PAK4-siRNA or negative control , the expression of PAK4 at mRNA and protein levels was detected by real-time PCR and Western blot , re-spectively .The invasion and migration of A 549 cells and NCI-H520 cells were measured by Matrigel invasion assay and Transwell migration assay.LIMK1, cofilin, and their respective phosphorylation were examined by Western blot .The inter-action of PAK4 and LIMK1 was investigated by co-immunoprecipitation assay .The relationship between PAK4 and LIMK1 phosphorylation was examined by a protein kinase assay in the A 549 cells and NCI-H520 cells.The expression of PAK4 and p-LIMK1 in 10 human NSCLC tissues was examined by Western blot .A549 cells and NCI-H520 cells were individually or commonly transfected with PAK4-siRNA or LIMK1 plasmid in order to observe the cell migration and invasion .RE-SULTS:After A549 cells and NCI-H520 cells were transfected with PAK4-siRNA for 48 h, the expression of PAK4 at mR-NA and protein levels , and the numbers of invasion and migration cells in PAK 4-siRNA group were lower than those in con-trol group.Compared with control group , the phosphorylation of LIMK1 and cofilin was lower in PAK4-siRNA group, whereas the total expression levels of LIMK 1 and cofilin did not change .The results of co-immunoprecipitation assays showed that PAK4 specifically interacted with LIMK1 in A549 and NCI-H520 cells.LIMK1 phosphorylation in the presence of PAK4 (K350M) was significantly lower than that in the presence of PAK 4 (WT) or PAK4 (S445N) in the protein ki-nase assay.The PAK4 upregulation was positively correlated with the level of p-LIMK1 (P<0.05).After A549 cells and NCI-H520 cells were co-transfected with PAK4-siRNA and LIMK1 plasmid, the migration and invasion cell numbers in co-transfection group were higher than those in PAK 4-siRNA transfection group .CONCLUSION: PAK4 promotes the inva-sive and migratory abilities of NSCLC , which is mediated by LIMK 1 phosphorylation .

Air pollution and global warming are increasingly deteriorating. Large amounts of polyamides derived from fossil fuel sources are consumed around the world. Cadaverine is an important building monomer block of bio-based polyamides, thus biotechnological processes for these polymers possess enormous ecological and economical potential. Currently, the engineered strains for biological production of cadaverine are Corynebacterium glutamicum and Escherichia coli. We review here the latest research progress of biosynthesis of cadaverine including metabolism of cadaverine in microorganisms, key enzymes and transport proteins in cadaverine synthesis pathway, optimum pathways and cadaverine yields.
Biosynthetic Pathways ; Biotechnology ; Cadaverine ; biosynthesis ; Corynebacterium glutamicum ; metabolism ; Escherichia coli ; metabolism

Purpose To investigate the correlation between promoter methylation of RKIP and the clinicopathological features of gastric carcinoma and to analyze the correlation between promoter methylation of RKIP and expression of RKIP. Methods The protein ex-pression and promoter methylation of RKIP were detected in 45 cases of surgically resected gastric carcinoma specimens and 21 cases of corresponding normal tissues using the immunohistchemistry SP method and methylation-specific PCR ( MSP) . Results The positive rate of promoter methylation of RKIP was 48. 89% in gastric carcinoma tissues and 4. 8% in adjacent tissues (P<0. 05). The positive rate of the expression of RKIP protein was 42. 22% in gastric carcinoma tissues and 90. 48% in adjacent tissues (P<0. 05). The pro-tein expression and promoter methylation of RKIP were correlated with the degree of differentiation and lymph node metastasis ( P<0. 05) . Expression of RKIP protein in gastric carcinoma was associated with promoter methylation of RKIP. Conclusions Promoter abnormal methylation of RKIP may be one reason of the deletion of expression of RKIP protein, which correlates with occurrence and development of gastric carcinoma.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of combination therapy of cholinergic receptor blocker Tolterodine and Alpha-adrenergic receptor blocker Tamsulosin sustained-release capsules on benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)with overactive bladder(OAB) in elderly men.Methods A total of 97 male BPH patients aged 80 years and over(80～98 years old,mean 87.7 years old)were enrolled in this study,who met the diagnosis and treatment guidelines of OAB formulated by Chinese Urological Association and were admitted to our hospital from Jan.2015 to July.2015.Patients were randomly divided into Tamsulosin group(n＝ 51,treated with Tamsulosin) and combination group(n＝ 46,treated with Tamsulosin and Tolterodine).Results In Tamsulosin group after treatment,the international prostate symptom score(IPSS) was reduced from (18.3 ± 2.7) to (13.3 ± 3.1) (t ＝ 14.94,P ＜ 0.05),OAB symptom score(OABSS) from (9.3 ± 2.7) to (6.8 ± 1.9) (t ＝ 3.92,P ＜ 0.05),and post void residual volume(PVRV)from(36.5±32.3)ml to(16.2±12.1)ml(t＝14.98,P＜0.01).And the daily frequency of urgency,urgency incontinence and nocturia were improved in Tamsulosin group after treatment.IPSS,OABSS and PVRV were improved more significantly in combination group after treatment than in Tamsulosin group,and the daily frequency of urgency,urgency incontinence and nocturia were reduced more significantly in combination group than in tamsulosin group(t＝-5.23,-3.98,9.01,11.5,14.8,P＜0.01).While there was no significant difference in prostate volume (PV)and PVRV between the two groups after 8 weeks of treatment(t＝ 1.22,-0.94,P＞0.05).The total incidences of adverse events (mainly mouth dryness)had no significant differences between the Tamsulosingroup and the combination group(8.7％ vs.5.9％,x2 ＝99.47,P＞0.05).No acute urinary retention was found in the two groups.Conclusions The combination therapy of Tamsulosin and Tolterodine has better efficacy and safety than single Tamsulosin application in the treatment of BPH with OAB in elderly men.