Objective To analyze the causes of death in patients with uremia during maintenance hemodialysis and explore the countermeasures for improving life quality and decreasing mortality.Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical and hemodialysis material fo 145 patients with MH to analysis the causes of death.Results The total number of deaths was 38;cerebral hemorrhage 6,heart failure 16,infection 5,the mean age in the deceased group was older than that in the survival group.The systolic blood pressure in the deceased group was higher than that in the survival group,but the levels of serum albumin,serum total cholesterol,serum creatinine,and urea nitrogen in the deceased group were much more lower than those in the survival group.The mean duration of hemodialysis in the deceased group was shorter than that in the survival group.Conclusion Cardiovascular disease and severe infections were the leading causes of death in patients with maintenance hemodialysis.Controlling the inter-dialysis weight gain and blood pressure,improving the anemia and main-nutrition were the significant management of prevention of cardiovascular complications.

Objectives To evaluate the application of systemic octreotide radioactive imaging in diagnosis and follow-up for children with neruoblastoma (NB). Methods Clinical data of 14 children with NB applied systemic octreotide radioac-tive imaging from April 2006 to March 2011 were collected and analyzed. For the ifrst-visit patients, they were applied with systemic octreotide radioactive imaging at the ifrst follow-up appointment after routine treatment. And for recurrent or sus-pected recurrent cases, systemic octreotide radioactive imaging was applied before the treatment and after 2-3 weeks chemo-therapy. Results Nine of 14 patients were male and 5 were female with a median age of 4.8 years (1-10 years). According to In-ternational Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS), 4 cases were categorized as stage 3 and 10 cases were categorized as stage 4. The uptake rate of systemic octreotide radioactive imaging in primary site or metastasis sites of 8 cases were higher than nor-mal site with positive rate of 57.14%(8/14). One case was conifrmed as false positive by treatment and imaging examination. Six cases were negative in primary site or metastasis sites with negative rate of 42.86%(6/14). One case was conifrmed as false negative via treatment and imaging examination. Therefore, the sensitivity of systemic octreotide radioactive imaging reached 85.71%(12/14). Conclusion Systemic octreotide radioactive imaging could be one of the effective methods for NB in diagno-sis, follow-up and evaluation of prognosis.

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) was purified from human serum and used as the antigen to immunize BALB/C mice. The splenic cells of the mice fused with NS-1 mouse myeloma cells. Three hybridoma cell lines(E3C3, E6C3 and E4C2)secreting anti-human ApoE McAb were established. The immunological property of the McAb was studied. The ascites fluids titer were 8?10~(-5)2?10~(-6). The McAbs did not cross react with the other apolipoprotins. ApoE was purified by immunoaffinity chromatography prepared by using the ApoE McAb. McAbs recognized two distinct respective epitopcs on ApoE. The subclass of immunoglabulin of three McAbs were IgG_1. A double McAb sandwich EL1SA was developed to evaluate ApoE levels in normal and hyperlipidemia human serum.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of upper and lower motor neuron. Insomnia is one of the widespread but underappreciated non-motor symptoms in ALS patients, which may not only seriously affect patients′ quality of life, but also reflect the lesions of central nervous system in ALS. This review summarizes the insomnia symptoms reported in current ALS studies, and summarizes the somatic factors and central nervous system changes associated with insomnia in ALS patients, so as to provide ideas for the development of effective intervention measures and future research.

Objective To investigate relationships between serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and transient ischemic attack (TIA).Methods Forty hcalthy controls and 40 patients with TIA were enrolled in the present study.ABCD2 score was used to evaluate risk for future stroke.Serum ADMA levels were measured with ELISA analysis.Results Serum level of ADMA was higher in TIA group than that in control group [(0.52 ± 0.06) mmol/L vs (0.23 ± 0.04) mmol/L,P ＜ 0.05].In TIA subgroup,19 cases(47.5％)developed cerebral infarction and 23 cases(57.5％)had no stroke history.There is positive correlation between serum ADMA levels and ABCD2 score in both cerebral infarction subjects (r =0.560,P =0.013),and no stroke history cases(r =0.602,P =0.002).TIA subjects were,then,divided in to two groups based on ABCD2 score as 0-3 group and ≥ 4 group.In general linear model analysis,ADMA level was associated with ABCD2 score (F =4.39,P =0.043) after adjusted for age and gender.This situation hold true for subjects within cerebral infarction group (F =7.327,P =0.017) or non-previous stroke group(F =12.300,P =0.002).No association could bc found between ADMA level and ABCD2 score grouping in subjects with non-infarct (F =0.523,P =0.675) or stroke history (F =0.274,P =0.609).Conclusions Elevated ADMA is associated with occurrence of TIA.Endothelial dysfunction may play an important role in the pathogenesis of TIA.

Objective To discuss the relationship of metabolizing enzyme Cystathionine βsynthase (CBS) G919A gene polymorphism with essential hypertension on Hui nationality in Xinjiang. Methods Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to detect the gene polymorphism, blood lipid, blood sugar and other biochemical indicators were tested at the same time. Result The distribution frequency of genotype GG, GA, AA and A,G, of CBS G919A was 76.4%, 19.0%, 4.5%, which was of no significant difference compared with the control group (P > 0.05). Conclusion Gene polymorphism of CBS G919A was existed, which was no relationship with essential hypertension on Hui nationality in Xinjiang.

Objective To investigate effect of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) to in vitro release characteristics of cefaclor sustained-release tablets.Methods Collected 10 batches of HPMC from different manufacturers.Determined the viscosity, molecular weight and the distribution of molecular weight of HPMC.HPMC from different manufacturers was used as blocking agent for the preparation of cefaclor sustained-release tablets according to the same prescription.Results The molecular weight was positively related to the viscosity of HPMC.The more molecular weight was, the slower the drugs release rate was,the better controlled released.Conclusion HPMC from different manufacturers show different quality stability and effect in vitro release of cefacor sustained-release tablets.

BACKGROUND: Low-frequency ultrasound combined with Tongluo Zhitong herbs can effectively relieve pain and improve joint function of patients with osteoarthritis, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of low-frequency ultrasound combined with Tongluo Zhitong herbs on urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and inflammatory cytokines of osteoarthritis rabbits and the related mechanisms.METHODS: Forty rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: normal, model, control, and experimental groups. The normal group was treated with normal feeding, not for any processing. For the other three groups, papain was injected into the rabbit knee articular cavity to establish osteoarthritis models. One week later, the experimental group was treated with low frequency ultrasound combined with Tongluo Zhitong herbs for 3 weeks, the control group treated with the same volume of normal saline, and the model group received no intervention. The levels of inflammatory cytokines in the serum and synovial fluid were measured, the histological changes of synovial tissues and articular cartilage were evaluated using Mankin's score, and the expression levels of uPA and its receptor were determined by western blot assay.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The levels of inflammatory cytokines in the model group were significantly higher than those in the normal and experimental groups (P < 0.05). The Mankin's scores of synovial tissue in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the model and control groups (P < 0.05), while Mankin's scores of the cartilage tissue had no significant difference between the experimental and model groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the model group, in the experimental group, the expression levels of uPA and its receptor were significantly downregulated,and the expression of uPA inhibitor was notably upregulated. These data show that low-frequency ultrasound combined with Tongluo Zhitong herbs attenuates inflammatory reaction in the synovial tissues, by inhibiting the formation of joint fluid and production of inflammatory cytokines, which is an effective treatment for knee osteoarthritis.

[Objective]To study the methods and opportunity of operation for the malignant tumor intercurrent fracture of extremity.[Method]Seventeen cases of malignant tumor intercurrent fracture of extremity were reviewed in our hospital from June 1996 to October 2003 in the study,which included osteosareoma 4 cases,giant cell tumor 3 cases,ewing tumor 1 case,ametoblastoma of bone Ⅰ case,bony metastases 8 eases.4 cases treated with exterior fixation and chemotherapy in Ⅰ P(period)and reconstruction alter tumor cutting in ⅡP(period),11 cases treated tumor eliminate and reconstruction in Ⅰ P(period).One case amputed in Ⅰ P(period)and 1 case amputed in Ⅱ P(period).[Result]All patients treated had been followed up from 12 to 88 months.One case occurred local rccurrrenee.and 2 cases died because of lung metastases in the 9 cases of primary malignant tumor.While 1 case occurred local reecurrenee and 4 cases died in the 8 cases of metastasis malignant tumor.[Conclusion]For the primary,malignant tumors with fracture.which were sensitive to chemotherapy,should first take into account to exterior fixation and chemotherapy inⅠ P(period)and reconstruction after tumor cutting in ⅡP(period),while for the insensitive giant cell tumor and bony metastases with fracture should be treated with tumor eliminate and reconstruction in ⅠP(period).

[Objective]To evaluate the accuracy of computer-assisted cervical pedicle screw installation and discuss the reasons of screw malposition.[Method]Totally 144 cervical pedicle screws were installed by computer-assisted navigation in 25 patients with lower cervical spinal disease.All the patients were examined by X-rays and CT after operation.Screw position and direction were measured on the sagittal and transsection image of intraoperative navigation and post-operative CT.The result was analyzed statistically.[Result]Two screws perforated the upper pedicle wall,3 deviated from the lateral pedicle wal1.There was no statistical difference in screw position or direction between navigation and CT image.Navigational images were based on the principle of rigid tissue.[Conclusion]Computer-assisted navigation can improve the accuracy of cervical pedicle screw installation.Screw malposition is responsible for the excursion phenomenon.