Flow cytometric immunophenotyping has evolved from two-parameter quantitative measurement of peripheral blood lymphocytes to five-or more parameter qualitative evaluation of bone marrow and lymph node in hematopathology.Leukemia/lymphoma immunophenotyping represents an important addition to histomorphology in the diagnosis,classification and monitoring of hematolymphoid neoplasms.The complexity of five-or more parameter analyses and the interpretation of the data rely on standardization and validation of the instrument,the reagent and the procedure.In addition,clinical flow cytometry laboratories in U.S.A are required to document proficiency testing,sample preparation as well as accuracy,specificity,sensitivity and precision of methodology.CLSI and UCCC recommend that each laboratory should validate its own qualitative and quantitative procedures.This paper introduces the procedures for validation and quality control in a clinical flow cytometry laboratory in the United States.

Objective To analyze the quality of life(QOL) of gastric cancer patients who underwent different types of gastrectomy and digestive tract reconstruction procedures.Methods Among the patients who(underwent) gastrectomy in our department over a period of 4 years,61 cases that survived for more than 2 years were analyzed for QOL using 14 parameters.The 61 cases included 13 cases of proximal subtotal(gastrectomy) and esophagogastrostomy,18 cases of total gastrectomy and jejunal P pouch reconstruction,and 30 cases of total gastrectomy and double Braun type of jejunal reconstruction.Pouch emptying function in 12 patients with different types of reconstruction was determined in by Isotope ~(99m)TC scintigraphy.Results At 6 months after operation,the parameters showed no significant differences between the 3 groups.At 12 months after operation,the QOL of patients with double Braun-type reconstruction was superior to that of patients with P jejunal pouch and patients with esophagogastrostomy in intake time(P

Objective To validate the technique and to establish the reference values of triple stimulation technique(TST)in healthy Chinese adults.Methods One hundred healthy subjects were recruited to undergo TST from April 2010 to February 2011 in both abductor digiti minimi.The TST combines transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS)of the motor cortex with peripheral collision studies.Three stimuli were given,leading to two collisions.A first magnetic stimulus was applied to the scalp overlying the motor cortex.After a delay,an electric stimulus was applied over the ulnar nerve at the wrist.The delay was chosen so that the action potentials descending from the cortex collided with the antidromic action potentials evoked at the wrist,with the collision site at the wrist and above.After another delay,another electrical stimulus was applied to Erb' s point.This delay was chosen so that ascending antidromic action potentials evoked by wrist stimulation collided at or distal to Erb' s point.At the same time,TST test curves were recorded.The TST test curve was compared with a TST control curve in which the first stimulus was applied to Erb' s point and the other two stimulus sites were the same as the test curve.Control stimuli were thus applied successively to Erb' s point,the wrist,Erb' s point.TST quantifies the number of conducting central motor neurons(expressed by the TST amplitude ratio).The values were compared among genders,age groups,arm length and sides respectively.Results The TST amplitude ratio(TSTteat/TSTcontrol)was 85.0％ ± 6.7％.There were no difference among genders,age groups,arm length and sides respectively.The TST amplitude ratio were 85.0％ ± 2.6％ and 85.0％ ± 8.7％,respectively in subjects with arm length 61-70 cm and 71-80 cm.Conclusion TST could be examined precisely and the normative value could be got.

Objective To analyze the causes, prevention and treatment measures for nerve palsy complications in artificial hip replacement. Methods A total of 413 consecutive hip replacements performed from January 1991 to December 2001 were retrospectively studied. There were three cases of nerve palsy with a prevalence of 0.73%. Among them, there were two cases of sciatic nerve palsy and one femoral nerve palsy. Results The causes for nerve palsy in these three cases were hypotension shock due to excessive anticoagulation against deep venous thrombosis, hematoma compression and unknown causes respectively. The neuronal function of three cases of nerve palsy was recovered at different degrees through correction of shock, clearance of hematoma and rehabilitation therapy. Conclusions The causes for nerve palsy complication during artificial hip replacement are direct or indirect traction, compression and ischemia. Understanding the etiology of nerve palsy to avoid the nerve injury, immediate and correct management play an important role in prevention and treatment of nerve palsy during artificial hip replacement.

Objective To compare the performance of two commercially available ELISA kits for detection of diphtheria IgG antibody to provide data for the proper kit choice. Methods Thirty-three serum samples from staff of the capital airdrome and two standard sera were tested for the evaluation of the kits.Commercial ELISAs were compared with respect to their reproducibility(intra-assay variation and inter-assay variation)and accuracy.Results For the detection of standard serum,intra-assay variation(Coefficient of Variation,CV)was 13.5507% for IBL kit and 5.9541% for Virion kit,the inter-assay variation(CV)was 9.9890% for IBL and 2.4728% for Virion kit.For the serum sample,intra-assay variation(CV)was 14.5270% for IBL and 11.0612% for Virion,the inter-assay variation(CV)11.0039% for IBL and 8.1506% for Virion kit.For the detection of standard serum,inter-assay variation(CV)was 9.9890% for IBL and 2.4728% for Virion.The accuracy was analyzed by variation between the actual concentration and measured concentration of standard serum,the CV was 17.6889% for IBL and 1.3966% for Virion.Conclusion The intra-assay and inter-assay variation of the two kits are generally acceptable(CV

Objective To study the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic high ligation of indirect inguinal hernia in children. Methods From February 2006 to February 2008,totally 260 children with indirect inguinal hernia underwent laparoscopic high ligation in our hospital.Two trocars were used to ligate the inner circle.Results The procedure was completed successfully in all of the cases.The mean operation time was 22 minutes(range,15-45 minutes).A 2-to 23-month follow-up(mean 11.6 months) was achieved in 259 of the patients.During the period,no patient showed incisional hernia,iatrogenic cryptorchidism or atrophy of the testicles,or intestinal adhesion.One patient showed recurrent hernia in 5 months after the surgery(0.4%). ConclusionLaparoscopic high ligation of indirect inguinal hernia is a minimally invasive,effective,and safe procedure for children.

Objective To investigate the drug-resistant status of Acinetobacter baumannii in clinical strains isolated from our hospital,and get to know the distribution of integrons carried by Acinetobacter baumannii,analyze the correlation between integron and drug-resistant of Acinetobacter baumannii..Methods Collected 85 Acinetobacter baumannii isolated in our lab,the drug-sensitivity tests were completed by the method of KB,the integrase genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR),and identified the type of integron..Analyzed the correlation between the drug-resistant and integron in Acinetobacter baumannii..The open reading frame of integron were amplified by PCR,the polymorphism of integron was identified,and sequenced the PCR products.Results Except for Imipenem and Cefoperazone/ sulbactam(drug resistant rate less than 10%),the drug resistant rate of other 15 antibacterial was no more than 30% among the 85 Acinetobacter baumannii isolated in our lab..66.1 %(57/85) stains carried the integrons I,we didn't find out the integron Ⅱ and Ⅲ.The drug-resistant rates of Acinetobacter baumannii with integron were higher than that of Acinetobacter baumannii without integron.The length of amplified products in variable region of open reading frame of integron varied from 03 to 25kb,.The sequencing results confirmed the integron included multidrug resistant gene code.Conclusion In our hospital,the drug-resistant rate of Acinetobacter baumannii was high,and the majority were multidrug resistant strains.The drug-resistant rate of Acinetobacter baumannii was enhanced with integron,The multidrug resistant of Acinetobacter baumannii was associated with integrons.

Complications related to CO2 pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopy surgery have led to the devel-opment of gasless laparoscopic surgery using abdominal wall lifting technique.The technique uses facilitate laparoseopic surgery without conventional pneumoperitoneum and markly reduced in the risks of anesthesiolo-gy,especially in old patients with cardiopulmonary insufficiency.The review summarizes the application of gasless laparoscopie surgery using abdominal wall lifting technique in the field of general surgery.

Objective To investigate the effect of magnesium sulfate on epidural labor analgesia with ropivacaine in the patients with preeclampsia. Methods Seventy nulliparous parturients with pre?eclampsia, aged 23-34 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ, weighing 63-81 kg, with a singleton fetus in vertex presentation, without contradications to neuraxial anesthesia, waiting for vaginal delivery, received epidural analgesia for labor. The patients were divided into magnesi?um sulfate group and control group using a random number table, with 35 patients in each group. In magne?sium sulfate group, magnesium sulfate 50 mg∕kg ( 30 ml) was infused intravenously over 15 min when their cervical dilation was 3 cm, while the equal volume of normal saline was given in control group. Epi?dural labor analgesia was performed with ropivacaine. The up?and?down sequential allocation was used to determine the median effective concentration of epidural ropivacaine ( EC50 ) . The severity of pain was as?sessed with visual analogue scale score. Effective analgesia was defined as visual analogue scale score of≤1. The initial concentration of ropivacaine was 0.15%. Each time the concentration was increased∕decreased according to whether or not analgesia was effective, and the ratio between the two successive concentrations was 0.9. The EC50 and 95% confidence interval ( CI) of ropivacaine for epidural labor analgesia was calcu?lated. Results The EC50 (95% CI) of ropivacaine for epidural labor analgesia was 0.066% (0.062%-0.071%) in magnesium sulfate group. The EC50 (95% CI) of ropivacaine for epidural labor analgesia was 0.078% (0.072%-0.085%) in control group. The EC50 of ropivacaine was significantly lower in magnesi?um sulfate group than in control group ( P<0.05) . Conclusion Magnesium sulfate can enhance the effica?cy of ropivacaine for epidural labor analgesia in the patients with preeclampsia.

Objective To explore ways for expanding the now-limited coagulation volume of percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy(PMCT) in liver in order to enhance the complete necrosis rate of large hepatic tumors with obviously fewer punctures. Methods Fresh pig livers in vitro and rabbit, pig livers in vivo with and without blood supply were coagulated using the self-designed HM-WIA microwave coagulator to make clear antenna length, microwave power, coagulation time and blood flow influence the microwave volume(MCV).Results The device enlarged the MCV by 3 times using single electrode with an antenna of 36 mm in length along with microwave power of 45-55 W and coagulation time of 15-19 min,the short axis of the coagulation area was 5.6 cm in vitro, 5.3 cm in vivo with no blood supply.The antenna 36 mm in length was proved the best in keeping the finest coagulation shape.The MCV was 2.8 times as large without blood supply as with it (P