Objective To monitor epidemiological distribution and antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from cerebral spinal fluid in neurosurgically treated patients. Methods Bacteria isolated from cerebral spinal fluid specimens and antibiotic resistance identification results of patients admitted into our department from January 2003 to December 2007 were collected to analyze distribution and antibiotic resistance of the pathogens. Results Of 437 isolates, Gram-positive bacilli and Gram-negative bacilli accounted for 73.5% (321 isolates) and 26.5% ( 116 isolates), respectively. The first five most fre-quently isolated pathogens were staphylococcus epidermidis (55.6%), staphylococcus aurens (15. 3% ), enterobacter (6.6%), aeinetobacter (5.3%) and pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.0%). The anti-bacterials with highest susceptibility to Gram-negative bacilli were imipenem ( 83.9% ), amikacin ( 68. 8% ), ciprofloxacin and tobramycin (67.4%), cefepime (61.3%) and ceftazidime (69.2%). The other antibacterials had susceptibility of less than 60%. Conclusions The prevailing pathogens in post-operative intracranial infection are Gram-pnsitive bacilli, especially staphylococcus epidermidis and staphylococcus anreu. Data collected in present study may provide valuable information for prophylactic and empirical antibiotic use in post-operative intracranial infection.

There are some problems with this course of medical laboratory special English, such as reference materials, teaching contents, teaching ways, the evaluation forms, etc. The department of medical laboratory of North Sichuan Medical College did exploratory reforms including 1+n teaching mode (one major teacher and several co-operational teachers in discussion section), Flipped classroom and interactive teaching, new formative assessment forms (usual performance combing final shows grade), etc. They used innovative teaching way with the purpose of establishing new teaching way , cultivating abilities of au-tonomous learning and comprehensive application.

Objective To evaluate the short and mid-term effects of fixing comminuted posterior acetabular wall fractures with structural autologous iliac bone graft combined with mini screws.Methods From January 2010 to January 2014,29 patients with comminuted posterior acetabular wall fracture were treated by structural autologous iliac bone graf combined with mini screws.They were 21 males and 8 females,with a mean age of 44.2 years (range,from 22 to 58 years).The mean time form injury to operation was 7.8 days (range,from 1 to 25 days).The operations were performed through the Kocher-Langenbeck approach,with the patients in the lying position on the uninjured side.The fragments were reduced and fixed by mini screws and the ischemic ones were removed.Structural autologous iliac bone graft was used to reconstruct the posterior wall of acetabulum before a reconstruction plate was applied to compress and maintain it.The functional outcomes were evaluated by the modified Merle d'Aubigne and Postel clinical grading system at the last follow-ups.The radiographs were graded according to the Matta criteria.Results By the Matta criteria,10 cases achieved excellent reduction,16 good reduction,and 3 poor reduction,giving a good to excellent rate of 89.7％.Of this series,29 patients were followed up for 31.5 months on average (range,from 12 to 48 months).By the modified Merle d'Aubigne and Postel criteria,the functional recovery was rated as excellent in 16 cases,good in 9,fair in 3 and poor in one,giving a good to excellent rate of 86.2％.Two cases developed femoral head necrosis according to the magnetic resonance imaging 18 months postoperation.Three patients developed traumatic arthritis two years postoperation.Five patients developed heterotopic ossification postoperation,with no obvious clinical symptoms.Two patient with injury to the sciatic nerve recovered 4 months postoperation.Conclusions Structural autologous iliac graft combined with mini screws can reconstruct the integrity and stability of the fractured acetabular posterior wall,avoiding osteonecrosis of the acetabulum.This surgical technique is effective and safe in treatment of comminuted fracture of the acetabular posterior wall.

Objective This paper attempts to explore the application of dizziness handicap inventory (DHI) in evaluation of health -related quality of life (QOL ) changes of patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) before and after the treatment with canalith repositioning procedure (CRP) .Methods The DHI was em-ployed to investigate and evaluate the dizziness handicap of 120 patients with BPPV before and after 3 months of CRP treatment (treatment group) and 60 healthy controls (control group) ,while the DHI scoring results were com-pared .Results As indicated by DHI evaluation ,the scoring of each DHI items of patients with BPPV before treatment was higher than that of control group ,treatment group before treatment :functional score 22 .60 ± 6 .54 ,emotional score 18 .50 ± 8 .28 ,physical score 17 .90 ± 5 .05 ,total composite score 59 .00 ± 14 .32 .For the control group:functional score 1 .35 ± 1 .74 ,emotional score 1 .00 ± 1 .01 ,physical score 1 .37 ± 1 .86 ,total composite score 3 .72 ± 3 .46 ,with the differ-ence statistically significant (P<0 .05) .The DHI scoring of treatment group of patients with BPPV after 3 months of CRP treatment was lower than that before the treatment (treatment group after 3 months CRP treatment :functional score 1 .10 ± 1 .42 ,emotional score 1 .50 ± 1 .70 ,physical score 1 .45 ± 1 .46 ,total composite score 4 .05 ± 3 .66) ,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05) .There was no statistically significant difference comparing to the control group (P>0 .05) .Conclusion CRP is effective to treat BPPV .The DHI is available for the evaluation of QOL of BPPV patients .

Objective: TO explore the effect of VEGF-C gene transfection on the expression of VEGF-C in human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells and the mechanisms of its anti-apoptosis effect. Methods: The con-structed pcDNA3.1(+)NEGF-C vector was transformed into human cervical cancer HeLa cells and was select-ed by G418. The changes in the expression level of VEGF-C mRNA and protein were determined by semi-quantitive RT-PCR and ELISA. HeLa cells with overexpression of VEGF-C were named as HeLa/S1. The expression level of NF-KB and bcl-2 mRNA was determined by RT-PCR in transfected cells. Results: After transfection by liposome, the VEGF-C mRNA level and the expression of VEGF-C protein in transfected cells were higher than those in the control groups. HeLa/S1 cell line was successfully established. In HeLa/S1 cells, the expression of NF-κB (2.06±0.09 vs 1.35±0.02 vs 1.38±0.02 P<0.05) and bcl-2 gene mRNA (2.02± 0.67 vs 0.41±0.06 vs 0.37±0.06, P<0.05) level were higher than those in the control groups. Conclusion: VEGF-C gene transfection by liposome can increase the expression of VEGF-C in human cervical cancer HeLa cells. NF-κB is stimulated and induces the overexpression of bcl-2 gene in HeLa/S1 cells.

The experiment was conducted by directed evolution strategy (error-prone PCR) to improve the activity of aflatoxin detoxifzyme with the high-throughput horse radish peroxidas and recessive brilliant green (HRP-RBG) screening system. We built up a mutant library to the order of 10(4). Two rounds of EP-PCR and HRP-RBG screening were used to obtain three optimum mutant strains A1773, A1476 and A2863. We found that mutant A1773 had upper temperature tolerance of 70 degrees C and that its enzyme activity was 6.5 times higher than that of the parent strain. Mutant strains A1476 worked well at pH 4.0 and its enzyme activity was 21 times higher than that of the parent strain. Mutant A2863 worked well at pH 4.0 and pH 7.5, and its enzyme activity was 12.6 times higher than that of the parent strain. With DNA sequencing we found that mutant A1773 revealed two amino acid substitutions, Glu127Lys and Gln613Arg. Mutant A1476 revealed four amino acid substitutions: Ser46Pro, Lys221Gln, Ile307Leu and Asn471lle. Mutant A2863 revealed four amino acid substitutions: Gly73Ser, Ile307Leu, Va1596Ala and Gln613Arg. The results provided a useful illustration for the deep understanding of the relationship between the function and structure of aflatoxin detoxifzyme.
Aflatoxin B1 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; chemistry ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Directed Molecular Evolution ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzyme Stability ; Multienzyme Complexes ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mutant Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Point Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Protein Engineering

Objective: To observe the gadolinium imaging findings of inner ear in patients with sudden deafness and to analyze its clinical features. Methods: From November 2017 to July 2020, 21 patients with sudden deafness in the People's Hospital of Dongsheng District, Ordos City were selected as the research objects, including 14 males and 7 females, aged 36-76 years, with a median age of 50 years. The course of disease was 1-19 days, with an average of 5.5 days. The patients received audiology tests, laboratory examination, and intravenous gadolinium angiography, each of whom was scanned twice by 3D-FLAIR sequence: once before intravenous gadolinium injection, and once again 4.5-6.0 h after intravenous gadolinium injection. The following corresponding clinical treatment was given. The imaging manifestations and clinical features were observed. Results: Among 21 cases of sudden deafness in acute stage, the signal intensity of 11 cases was significantly higher than that of the contralateral ear, and 2 cases had vestibular labyrinthine hydrops. In laboratory examination, only 2 cases of total deafness had increased WBC count and faster erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the rest had no abnormality. The hearing types of 21 patients with sudden deafness were: total deafness in 8 cases, flat decline in 10 cases, low frequency decline in 1 case, high frequency decline in 2 cases. The total effective rate was 57% (12/21). The hearing types of 11 patients with abnormal gadolinium angiography were total deafness in 5 cases, flat decline in 5 cases and high frequency decline in 1 case. The total effective rate was 64% (7/11). Conclusion: Gadolinium angiography is abnormal in some patients with sudden deafness, and the permeability of blood labyrinth barrier may be increased, which is worthy of further study.
Angiography ; Deafness ; Female ; Gadolinium ; Hearing Loss, Sudden/diagnostic imaging* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Vestibule, Labyrinth

By constructing the genomic DNA library of Meiothermus ruber CBS-01, the genes of trehalose phosphate synthase (TPS) and trehalose phosphate phosphatase (TPP) involved in trehalose synthesis were cloned. The genes were cloned into the plasmid pET21a, and expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta gami (DE3). The activities of these two purified enzymes were confirmed by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Meanwhile, we tested the cellular compatible solutes of M. ruber CBS-01 under different environmental pressure, and found that under hyperosmotic pressure, this strain can accumulate trhalose-6-phosphate, but not trehalose. These results can give more insight to future research in the roles of TPS/TPP and TreS pathway.
Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Glucosyltransferases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Thermus ; enzymology ; genetics ; Trehalose ; biosynthesis

In Candida albicans, adaptation to environmental pH is relevant to its pathogenicity. Calcium signaling pathway involves in many stress responses and often accompany with Ca2+ fluctuation. We constructed CCH1 and MID1 mutant strains and studied their effect on calcium influx and further investigated the regulation by Crz1p transcription factor. We used PCR-directed gene disruption to construct cch1delta/delta and mid1delta/delta null mutant. By using a flow cytometry-based method we monitored the free cytosolic Ca2+ levels under alkaline stress. Moreover, we constructed pPHO89-LacZ plasmids and by beta-Galactosidase assays, we analyzed the changes of LacZ activities after gene disruption. The results showed that alkaline stress induced calcium burst reduced obviously in cch1delta/delta and mid1delta/delta mutant strains, also for LacZ activities, and fully abolished in crz1delta/delta mutant strain. Finally, by realtime PCR, we confirmed the regulation role of Crz1p in CCH1 and MID1 genes but in a calcineurin independent way. Studies on the effect of calcium pathway on response to alkaline stress will provide an important theoretical basis for Candida albicans infection-oriented treatment and new drug targets.
Calcium Channels ; metabolism ; Candida albicans ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology ; Fungal Proteins ; genetics ; physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Signal Transduction ; Stress, Physiological ; Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; physiology

Microarray analysis revealed that the expression of ferric reductase (FRP1) can be regulated by the Riml01 protein. In order to find new transcriptional regulatory element in the promoter of FRP1, we analyzed the 1000 bp sequence upstream of ATG to find 2 potential Riml01p binding sites. We generated site-specific mutations in each of the two sites and fused these mutated promoters to LacZ. Then the promoter-LacZ fusion construct was recombinant into wild type and riml01-/- strains for beta-galactosidase assay. The results revealed that the FRP1 was up-regulated in alkaline pH and this was caused by iron starvation. The -650 site, not the -160 site, had an important role in FRP1 Riml01p-dependent expression. We conclude that Riml01p may interact with the -650 binding site of the promoter to regulate the FRP1 expression.
Candida albicans ; enzymology ; genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; FMN Reductase ; genetics ; Fungal Proteins ; genetics ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics