BACKGROUND: Graphene oxide (GO) has good conductivity, adsorption, biocompatibility and stability of aqueous solution, and its functional groups are beneficial to its chemical functionalization.OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of acellular nerve allograft modified by GO in the repair of sciatic nerve injury in rats.METHODS: Firstly, the biocompatibility of GO was detected in 10 Sprague-Dawley rats, and then the GO/acellular sciatic nerve graft complex (GO20) was prepared in another 15 Sprague-Dawley rats. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham operation group, GO20 group, acellular nerve allograft group (empty frame group) and autologous transplantation group (rotation group), with 10 rats in each group, and were subjected to corresponding transplantation or rotation experiment. The biological and functional experimental system was used to detect sciatic nerve action potentials.The wet mass ratio of the gastrocnemius (the operated side/the contralateral side) was measured by analytical balance.The morphology of the sciatic nerve scaffold was observed by transmission electron microscopy.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: During the 10 weeks of observation, the rats in each group had no abnormal food/water intake and no abnormal performance in the presence of normal motor activity, and there was also no significant difference in the body mass. Liver function results indicated that GO had good biocompatibility. The nerve action potential peak value, ratio of maximum tension on the operated side/the contralateral side, gastrocnemius wet mass ratio,myelin sheath thickness, and axon diameter in the GO20 group were significantly higher than those in the empty frame group and rotation group (P < 0.05). To conclude, GO can modify the acellular nerve allograft to repair sciatic nerve injury by promoting regeneration of the injured nerves.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical effect of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS) for chronic empyema. Methods74 patients with chronic empyema were divided into experimental group and control group,control group was given decorticationoflung,and experimental group was given VATS. ResultsThe duration of chest tube drainage, hospitalization and complications in experimental group was significantly better than that in control group,it showed better clinical effect. ConclusionFor part of patients without the serious disease change of chronic empyema, if the surgery indication could be controlled strictly, the VATS was considerable.

Objective To investigate the associations of IFNL3/IFNL4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)with the efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART)in patients with HIV-1 infection.Methods Sixty-three adult patients with HIV-1 infection receiving HAART for at least 1 year in the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine were enrolled.HIV-1 RNA loads in plasma and HIV-1 DNA loads in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs),and blood SNPs were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR).Plasma inflammatory cytokines were examined by magnetic beads method,and the CD4 +T and CD8 +T lymphocyte counts in peripheral blood were measured by flow cytometry.According to response to HAART,the patients were classified as low HIV-1 RNA group(viral load <100 copies/mL)and high HIV-1 RNA group(viral load≥100 copies/mL);according to CD4+T lymphocyte counts,the patients were defined as low CD4+T cell group(<250 cells/μL), and high CD4+T cell group(≥250 cells/μL);according to HIV-1 DNA levels,the patients were divided into low(<100 copies/106cells)and high(≥100 copies/106cells)HIV-1 DNA groups.Results Three candidate SNPs rs368234815,rs8099917 and rs4803223 had significantly different distribution between low and high HIV-1 RNA groups(χ2=0.043,0.047 and 0.032,all P<0.05).The levels of interleukin(IL)-10 were declined in the low HIV-1 RNA group(U=4.00,P<0.05);the levels of IL-13 were decreased in the high HIV-1 RNA group and the high HIV-1 DNA group(U=0.00 and 2.00,both P<0.05);the levels of IL-21 were reduced in the high HIV-1 RNA group and in the low CD4 +T cell group(U=3.00 and 2.00, both P<0.05),the levels of IL-28A were decreased in the high HIV-1 RNA group,the high HIV-1 DNA group,and the low CD4 +T cell group(U=3.00, 0.50 and 3.00,P<0.05 or <0.01).In addition, rs368234815 was associated with IL-21 level(H=6.690,P<0.05),the IL-21 level in rs368234815 ΔG/ΔG [131.88(2.66,174.00)]was higher than that in TT/TT[6.79(2.81,26.48)](P<0.05);rs4803223 was correlated with IFN-γlevel(H=6.690, P<0.05),the IFN-γlevel in GG subtype[62.26(19.45, 96.49)]was higher than that in GA subtype[6.98(2.19, 99.14)](P<0.05).Conclusion The polymorphisms of IFNL3/IFNL4 rs368234815, rs8099917 and rs4803223 are associated with efficacy of HAART and immune-associated cytokines levels in patients with HIV-1 infection.