Through the comparative study on fostering mode of postgraduate education of public health between China and America,for example,the admission criteria and scale,the duration of study,fostering aims and hierarchy,curriculum structure and methods of management,etc.so as to seize the moment of reforming of university and health care institution to promote Chinese education reform of public health,provide reference for Chinese postgraduate education of public health.

There have been many studies on the structure and function of the high pathogenicity island since it was first discovered to be located on Yersinia . And it was detected to be present in a few different members of the family Enterobacteriaceae that are pathogenic to human. This review describes the Yersinia high pathogenicity island: structure,function and prevalence among pathogenic enterobacteriaceae.

Objective　To analyse the state of the administration of clinical med icine in some children's hospital. Methods　Prevalence study was use d. Results　The administration of antibiotic and vitamin were domina nt among inpatients, and their utilization rates were 84.26%, 79.08% respec tively. 1 643 among 1950 of cases used antibiotic agents, the utilization rates of penicil ins, cephalosporins and antiviral medicine were 53.38%, 31.21% and 30.74% respec tiv ely. The administration of combined antibiotic added up to 71.88%. Conclusions　The phenomenon of irrational administration of medicine wa s existing in the children's hospital. So it should be perfected on the rules an d regulations for the administration of medicine, and the management of medicine should be strengthened.

Major depression disorder is an increasing heavy burden in modem society, but its pathological mechanism is still vague. Recent evidence indicated that two pore potassium channel, TREK1, is one of the important drug targets of antidepressants. The structural and functional research progress of TREK1 potassium channel were reviewed with an emphasis on its roles in anti-depression, neuronal protection, and neuronal plasticity. The complicated interactions between TREK1 potassium channel and monoamine transmitters-receptors were also reviewed and future directions to explore the underline mechanism were also discussed.

Objective To identify homogenous clones of S.flexneri 2a, using gene distribution polymorphism of Shigella enterotoxinl and Shigella enterotoxin2 in a shigellosis outbreak by S.flexneri 2a. Methods 93 strains of S.flexneri 2a isolated from different areas, at different time were detected by Shigella enterotoxin1 and Shigella enterotoxin2 gene polymerase chain reaction to identify genetic type of S.flexneri 2a. Results The 93 strains of S.flexneri 2a were divided into 4 clones: ShET1(-)/ShET2(+)for 12 strains,ShET1(+)/ShET2(-)for 14 strains,ShET1(+)/ShET2(-)for 59 strains, ShET1(-)/ShET2(-)for 8 strains. Conclusions It is believed that Shigella enterotoxin1 and Shigella enterotoxin2 gene PCR analysis is a simple method for the primary screening of S.flexneri 2a.

This article elaborates some questions in the medical statistics experimental teaching and proposes several countermeasures such as: to strengthen teachers quality,to reform experiment teaching mode,to apply multimedia to teaching and to improve experiment examination forms.

Objective To investigate the effect of escitalopram on the levels of serum proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),and IL-18 in a rat model of poststroke depression (PSD).Methods Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into sham operation,middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO),PSD and escitalopram groups (n =6 in each group).A model of MCAO was induced by the intraluminal suture method,and on this basis,a PSD model was induced by combining with chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) plus lonely upbringing.The rats of both the sham operation group and the MCAO group were neither CUMS nor lonely upbringing,and in the PSD group they were both CUMS and lonely upbringing.The escitalopram group was given escitalopram intervention (10 mg/kg · d,intraperitoneal injection for 3 weeks) at the beginning of CUMS and lonely upbringing.At baseline and on day 7,14 and 21 after CUMS,sucrose solution consumption and wilderness trials were used to assess depression-like behavior.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of serum proinflammatory cytokines IL-6,TNF-α and IL-18 on day 21 after CUMS.Results On day 21 after CUMS,the scores of weight,sucrose solution consumption,vertical test and the distance of horizontal activities were all significantly decreased and shortened compared to those of the sham operation group and the MCAO group (all P＜0.01).The weight,sucrose solution consumption,and the distance of horizontal activities of the escitalopram group were significantly increased compared to those of the PSD group (P ＜0.05 or P ＜0.01).On day 22 after CUMS,the serum IL-18 level of the PSD group was increased significantly compared to that of the sham operation group and the MCAO group (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).The serum IL-18 level of the escitalopram group was decreased significantly compared to that of the PSD group (P ＜0.05).However,there were no significant differences in the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α among all the groups.Correlation analysis showed that on day 22 after CUMS,the serum IL-18 level and sucrose solution consumption (r =-0.415,P =0.044),the distance of horizontal activities in the wilderness trials (r =-0.508,P =0.011) showed a significant negative correlation,however,they did not have significant correlation with the vertical score (r =-0.390,P=0.059) and the body weight (r=-0.216,P=0.311).Conclusions The serum IL-18 level is increased significantly in the PSD rat models.Escitalopram can significantly decrease the serum IL-18 level and improve depression-like behavior of the PSD rats,suggesting that IL-18 may play a role in the pathogenesis of PSD.

Objective Recently, the role of TREK-1 in anti-depression and neuroprotection was demonstrated definitely.In this paper,a systematic review about the functional structure of TREK-1 as well as the underlying mechanisms which involved in depression resistance and nerve protection was made for purpose of providing new ideas for the treatment of clinical diseases.Methods The electronic search of Medline/PubMed,CNKI,CBM and Wanfang Data were performed to collect the introduction of TREK-1 and the studies of depression and nerve protection in which TREK-1 participated from inception of each database to October 2015 ,besides the relevant references of the included studies were also retrieved.Results 30 studies were included in this paper.14 studies were about the interpretation of TREK-1's structure, distribution and the regulatory factors, and the number of researches regarding the involvement of TREK-1 in anti-depression and neuroprotection was 13 and 7 respectively.Based on these studies,it was easily to conclude that inhibition or blocking of TREK-1 channels can produce obvious antidepressant effect, however, activation of TREK-1 channels will induce the dilation of local cerebral vascular and silence hyperactive neurons.Conclusion Some achievements about the antidepressant and neuroprotective effect of TREK-1 channels in vivo have been made gratifyingly,thus future research should focus on exploring the best TREK-lactivation ratio in different brain regions to gain the best balance between anti-depression and neuroprotection.

Objective To investigate the regulation effect of promoter methylation of deathassociated protein kinase (DAPK) on mRNA and protein expression of DAPK in tissue of primary gastric cancer (GC). Methods The cancerous and noncancerous samples from 62 patients with GC were determined by RT-PCR for mRNA expression of DAPK. The DAPK promoter methylation was detected by methylation-specific PCR. The protein expression of DAPK in 34 patients with methylation was determined by Western blot. Results mRNA and protein expre.ssions of DAPK in cancerous tissues were reduced significantly compared to noncancerous tissues (0. 2863d±0. 2027 vs 0. 57364±0. 1968,0. 2616±0. 0913 vs 0. 65294±0. 1808, P＜0.01). Methylation frequency of DAPK in cancerous tissues was higher than that in noncancerous tissues (54.8% vs 17.7%, P＜0.01). Furthermore, DAPK mRNA expression was decreased in methylation group compared to unmethylation group (0.1399±0. 0835 vs 0. 46404±0. 1569, P＜0. 01). Moreover, a significant correlation was demonstrated between the TNM stage and DAPK promoter methylation (P = 0. 04). Conclusion Expression of DAPK is down-regulated in cancerous tissues at mRNA and protein levels. Low expression of DAPK is associated with hypermethylation of the promoter of DAPK gene.

Objective To understand the need on AIDS related knowledge and its awareness level on the part of migrants,a special group of people,in north Anhui where there is a high incidence of AIDS,so as to provide basis for making AIDS intervention measures aimed at the group.Methods In the two towns of Linquan County in Anhui,four villages comparatively far away from each other were extracted at random in the unit of village,totally 552 migrants,were surveyed with the self-designed questionnaires.Results Among the 552 research subjects,457 male migrants and 95 female migrants,the female were lower(P