"Seven kinds of prescriptions" and "Ten formulas of materia medica" were important classifications of prescription. According to textual research, the title of"Seven kinds of prescriptions" appeared fi rst in XU Shu-wei’s Shang han jiu shi lun (Ninety Essays on Cold Pathogenic Diseases), which was applied in medical education in the Song Dynasty. The title of "Ten formulas of materia medica" was beginning from CHEN Cang-qi’s ten kinds of "general drugs", and its concept was expanded from "kind" of drugs into "prescription" in Sheng ji jing (Classic of Holy Universal Relief) of the Song Dynasty. These two classif ications had great influence on classif ication of prescription based on functions in later time. The development of "Seven kinds of prescriptions" and "Ten formulas of materia medica" in the Song Dynasty was discussed, and the reasons was analyzed in this paper.

Objective To evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of inserted internal jugular vein cathe-ters and femoral vein catheters in emergency patients outside the operation room.Methods 206 patients received right internal vein catheterization(group J,n=110)and right femoral vein catheterization(group F,n=96).Suc-cessful rates of puncture,operation time,incidence of complications were observed and compared between the two groups.SAS6.04 software was used to analyze the data of the two groups.Results Emergency deep venous catheter-ization was accomplished in all the patients.There were no severe complication in two groups,such as pneumothorax and cardiac arrest.The rate of successful puncture in group J was 88%(97/110),however,100%(96/96)in group F.There was statistical significant difference between two groups(P<0.05).Mean time needed in group J (21.5±8.4)m was more than that in group F(12.5±5.3)min(P<0.05).The cases of puncturing into artery or serious arrhythmia in group F(2 cases)were less than that in group J(7 cases including hematoma in 4 cases)(P<0.05).6 cases were found to have arrhythmia in group J but there was not arrhythmia in group F(P<0.05).Con-chsion Different ways of emergency deep venous catheterization should be selected according to different condi-tions of patients outside the operation room.For critically ill patients,femoral vein puncture is more safe,with high rate of Success and less complication.

Objective To evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of inserted internal jugular vein cathe-ters and femoral vein catheters in emergency patients outside the operation room.Methods 206 patients received right internal vein catheterization(group J,n=110)and right femoral vein catheterization(group F,n=96).Suc-cessful rates of puncture,operation time,incidence of complications were observed and compared between the two groups.SAS6.04 software was used to analyze the data of the two groups.Results Emergency deep venous catheter-ization was accomplished in all the patients.There were no severe complication in two groups,such as pneumothorax and cardiac arrest.The rate of successful puncture in group J was 88%(97/110),however,100%(96/96)in group F.There was statistical significant difference between two groups(P<0.05).Mean time needed in group J (21.5±8.4)m was more than that in group F(12.5±5.3)min(P<0.05).The cases of puncturing into artery or serious arrhythmia in group F(2 cases)were less than that in group J(7 cases including hematoma in 4 cases)(P<0.05).6 cases were found to have arrhythmia in group J but there was not arrhythmia in group F(P<0.05).Con-chsion Different ways of emergency deep venous catheterization should be selected according to different condi-tions of patients outside the operation room.For critically ill patients,femoral vein puncture is more safe,with high rate of Success and less complication.

Objective To compare the effect on correcting calcium and phosphate metabolic disorder and the impact on quality of life in uremia patients between on -line hemodiafiltration and high -flux hemodialysis.Methods 90 patients with uremia,digital watches were randomly divided into QL -HDF group and HFHD group,Ca2 +,P3 +, serum parathyroid hormone(PTH)level were measured before and after dialysis blood.The survival quality of patients were evaluated by the KDQOL -SFTM1.3 scale.The incidence of adverse reactions were collected.The similarities and differences of two groups were compared.Results The comparison of Ca2 + levels in the two groups before and after dialysis showed no significant difference(P >0.05);Of the QL -HDF group after treatment,P3 + was (1.82 ± 0.19)mmol/L,PTH was (401.6 ±16.7)pg/L,which were significantly lower than those of QL -HDF group[P3 +(2.14 ±0.22)mmol/L,PTH(425.0 ±17.2)pg/L](t =24.256,21.059,all P <0.05)in addition to the burden of kidney disease;life(BKD),the other ten areas scores of the QL -HDF group were higher than those of the HFHD group;The symptoms and discomfort(SPL)and the effect of nephropathy in life(EKD),cognitive function(CF), quality(QSI),social function(SEXF)and sleep(SLEEP),patient satisfaction(PS)had significant differences in areas such as score(all P <0.05),working condition(WS)and social support(SOS),dialysis staff support(DSF) and other domain scores had no significant difference (all P >0.05 );6 cases of adverse reactions was in the QL -HDF group (13.33%),14 cases of adverse reactions was in the HFHD group(31.11%),there was significant difference between the two groups(χ2 =5.361,P <0.05).Conclusion The two methods can improve the metabolic disorders of calcium and phosphorus in patients with uremia,and QL -HDF showed stronger ability to remove the ability,and the quality of life is higher,it is worth promoting in clinical practice.

Objective To compare the effects of equivalent dose sufentanil,remifentanil or fentanyl on hemodynamic and cardiac output in the elderly patients during induction of general anesthesia.Methods Ninety elderly patients(ASA Ⅰ ～ Ⅱ) undergoing elective abdominal surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into sufentanil group(group S),remifentanil group(group R) and fentanyl group(group F),30 patients in each group.Patients in group S,group R and group F received sufentanil 0.2μg/kg,remifentanil 2μg/kg and fentanyl 2μg/kg Ⅳ,respectively,using an blind method before intubation.SBP,DBP,MAP,HR,CO,CI and SVR were recorded before of anesthesia (T0),immediately after induction (T1),1,3 minutes after tracheal intubation (T2,T3).Changes of SBP and HR during observation were also recorded.Results The MAP and HR in three groups at T1 were significantly lower than those at T0 and decreased significantly in group R than those in group F and S(P ＜0.05).The MAP and HR in group F significantly increased at T1 than T0.The MAP and HR in group R were significantly decreased after tracheal intubation.Compared with the baseline,the MAP and HR in group S at T1,T2,remained unchanged.In group R,there were two patients whose HR were under 50 bpm.In group F,the MAP at T1,T2 were significantly higher than those at T.In group S,there were no significant changes in CO,CI,SVR which were all within normal range (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Both sufentanil and remifentanil effectively inhibit the stress response during induction of general anesthesia.At the same time,sufentanil has better hemodynamic stability.

Objective To compare different dose of remifentanil combined with propofol for painless abortion and approach to an appropriate dose of remifentanil.Methods Ninety pregnant women with ASA 1 were randomly divided into three groups(n=30)before administrating remifetanil,a bolus midazolam 1 mg was injected inminutes later.These two drugs did not stop administration until three minutes before the end of negative suction.MAP,HR,SpO2,BIS,RR,VT,PET CO2 were monitored.The onset,operation and recovery time,sedation score and adverse reaction were recorded.Results Sedation scores were significantly different between group A and C [(3.90±0.97)and(4.90±0.85),t=4.24,P＜0.01].Three cases in group A were found moving.MAP,HR,BIS decreased as compared witll baseline.HR reduced significantly in group C(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Respiratory movement was lower and shallower.RR,VT decreased compared to preoperative one.PET C02 increased gradually (P＜0.05,P＜0.01).There were two cases of respiratory depressing in group A,four cases in group B and ten cases in group C(five cases apnea more than three minutes).All patients used oxygen mask to maintain SpO2＞95%.Incidence of adverse reactions such as chest titanic,nausea and vomiting,itching were of no difference among three groups(P＞0.05).All patients were satisfied with anesthesia.Conclusion The appropriate infusing dose of remifetory devices such as oxygen mask and monitoring life signs are very important to prevent respiratory depress and bradycardia during operation.

Objective To investigate the incidence and the risk factors of anxiety or depression and in the first degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ). Methods A total of 102 T2DM patients who visited our hospital from May to July 2010 and their FDRs completed SAS,SDS,and life satisfaction evaluation. The medical history of T2DM patients was collected and compared with their FDRs with or without mental disorders. The correlations of risk factors with anxiety or depression were analyzed, t test or X2 test were used for statistical analysis and a P value less than 0. 05 was considered statistically significant. Results The incidence of anxiety or depression of FDRs was 31.4% and 17.6%,respectively. The life satisfaction score of FDRs with mental disorders was significantly decreased ( t = 4. 26 and 4. 09, P＜0. 05 ). Fasting glucose level of T2DM patients with anxious or depressive FDRs was significantly increased ( t = -2. 48 and -2. 15, P＜0. 05 ). Higher medical cost and multiple treatment strategies were positively correlated with SAS and SDS score of the FDRs. Conclusion Higher incidence of mental disorders and lower satisfaction scores could be found in the FDRs of T2DM patients. Better control of blood glucose and reduced treatment cost and strategies may be useful in improving metal condition and life satisfaction of the FDRs of T2DM patients.

Objective · To evaluate the value of ultrasonic measurement of distance from skin to epiglottis (DSE) for predicting the difficult airway. Methods · 71 patients (20-80 year-old, ASA Ⅰ-Ⅲ ) undergoing endotracheal intubation and general anesthesia for an elective surgical procedure were enrolled. Conventional airway evaluation was performed. The distance from skin at thyroid cartilage upper edge to epiglottis was measured using ultrasound before anesthesia and compared between patients with difficult airway and normal airway. The effects of different methods for evaluating difficult airway were analyzed Results · The ultrasonic measurements of DSE on parasagittal view in patients with difficult airway and normal airway were (23.31±0.43) mm and (19.21±0.27) mm, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P=0.003). The area under the ROC curve of ultrasonic measurement was 0.799 (95% CI:0.639-0.958) with the best cutoff point of 23.6 mm. The specificity of ultrasonic measurement was significantly increased as compared with Mallampati classification (96.43% vs 71.40%, P=0.004). The difference in sensitivity was not statistically significant (60.00% vs 73.33%, P=0.170). Conclusion · Ultrasonic measurement of DSE on parasagittal view can be used to predict the difficult airway.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of shikonin on the expression of RANTES and chemotactic activity of monocyte in endometriosis.Methods:Established SCID endometriosis models and cultured U937 cells were treated by a series of concentration of shikonin.RANTES transcriptive expression was determined by Real-time PCR,and RANTES secretion was determined by ELISA.Furthermore,Chemotaxis assay in vitro was conducted to elucidate the effect of shikonin on chemotaxis of U937 cells by RANTES.Results:Shikonin improved the RANTES transcription of human endometrium transplanted to SCID mouse(P

Objective To investigate the effectiveness,safety of the percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting(PTAS) in the management of the vertebrobasilar stenosis.Methods From April 2003 to June 2004,the PTAS was performed in 28 patients with the vertebrobasilar stenosis.Results Among the 28 patients,the unilateral significant stenosis of the dominant vertebral artery was found in 18 patients,the bilateral stenosis of the vertebral artery in 4 patients,the tandem stenosis of the vertebral artery in 1 patient,the stenosis of the basilar artery in 2 patients.According to Mori's division,the type A occurred in 24 patients,the type B in 3 patients,the type C in 1 patient.The successful rate of stent implantation was 100% without any serious complication.Twenty-eight patients underwent PTAS with a mean pre-procedural vertebrobasilar stenosis of 81.3% and the residual stenosis was less than 10%.Over a mean 6-month follow-up in 17 patients,according to Malek's scale,the scale 1 was in 15 patients,the scale 2 in 2 patients.No restenosis was in 3 patients by the cerebral angiography.Conclusion PTAS in the management of the vertebrobasilar stenosis is a safe and effective method.Meanwhile,PTAS may alleviate the vertebrobasilar ischemia and prevent stroke of the vertebrobasilar system.