Objective·To investigate the reference range for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in pregnant women in Shanghai. Methods·A total of 4969 healthy pregnant women in second trimester were enrolled, in whom there were 554 women aged over or equal to 35 years old and 4415 women aged under 35 years old. Meanwhile, 1048 non-pregnant women in child-bearing period were enrolled. The new born children had no complications of vitamin D deficiency such as rickets. The levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D of all participants were detected by ELISA. The reference interval was defined as the central 95% range between the 2.5th and the 97.5th percentiles. Results·The 95% reference range for 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels showed a positive skewness distribution in second trimester pregnant women. The median of 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels was 36.8 nmol/L. The maximum was 108.6 nmol/L whereas the minimum was 11.8 nmol/L. The 95% reference range for 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels was from 15.9 nmol/L to 70.3 nmol/L. The median 25-hydroxyvitamin D was 36.6 nmol/L in women less than 35 years old, and 35.5 nmol/L in women aged over or equal to 35 years old. A significant difference was found between women aged under 35 years old and women aged over or equal to 35 years old (Z=-2.75, P<0.05). The median, maximum and minimum of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in non-pregnant women was 38.5 nmol/L, 110.5 nmol/L, 12.1 nmol/L, respectively, which were all higher than those in pregnant women (P<0.05). Conclusion·There was a lack of vitamin D in pregnant women in Shanghai, especially in pregnant women aged over or equal to 35 years old, despite the multivitamin supplements. However, no complications of vitamin D deficiency such as rickets were found in new born children. To determine the reference range of vitamin D in Shanghai is helpful for pregnancy women in taking vitamin supplement, especially important in preventing maternal and fetal complications caused by vitamin D deficiency.

Objective　To evaluate the clinical efficiency of diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation(TSCPC) for the treatment of refractory glaucoma.Methods　TSCPC were performed in 23 eyes of 23 patients with medically and surgically uncontrolled glaucoma. The laser was operated with a power of 2～3W,duration of 1.5～2s and laser spots(18) were evenly placed 270 around the limbus except temporal. Followed for 3～24 months (average:11 months) . Results　The mean intraocular pressure before and after treatment in 23 eyes were 6.10kPa±2.34kPa and 2.55kPa±1.22kPa respectively,which was statistically significant (P<0.01). IOP below 2.80kPa was obtained in 20 eyes (86.9%). At the time of last visit,the post-operative visual acuity was partly improved besides NLP.Conclusion　Diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation is effective in treating refractory glaucoma. Its advantages are low ratio of ocular hypotension,no atrophy of eyeball,no pain, acceptability,reoperation and therapeuty in clinic and so on.

[Objective]To discuss a reasonable treatment for unstable intertrochanteric hip fractures in senile patients by comparing the effects of PFN fixation and hemiarthroplasty.[Method]Totally 82 intertrochanteric hip fractures in senile patients with complete clinical data were retrospectively analyzed,who were treated with hemiarthroplasty or PFN fixation from April 2005 to April 2007.Forty-six were treated with hemiarthroplasty,36 were treated with PFN fixation.All of them had multiple medical co-morbidities.According to modified Evens-Jensen classification,all of them belonged to unstable fracture.Comparison was made between the two treated groups in terms of the length of incision,operative time,the blood lost,blood transfusion during or after surgery,time for bed rest postoperatively,postoperative complications and St.Michael hip score one year after surgery.[Result]The average duration of follow-up for PFN fixation and hemiarthroplasty were 16 and 18 months respectively.Compared with the group of hemiarthroplasty,the group of PFN fixation experienced longer operation time,longer time for bed rest postoperatively,less blood lost,less blood transfusion during or after surgery,shorter incision length,and the differences between two groups had statistical significance (P0.05).[Conclusion]Both of the two methods are reasonable treatment for unstable intertrochanteric hip fractures in senile patients.

Objective To analyze the variation in CTL epitope of hepatitis B virus (HBV) popular in China. Methods Amino acid sequences of 13 cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes previously reported abroad were taken as reference sequences, and comparison was made draw between these reference sequences and both the 45 CTL-epitopic sequences obtained from the Genbank and also 5 CTL-epitopic sequences from native patients with chronic hepatitis B, using Vector NTI software. Results Sequence variations were observed frequently within several CTL eptitopes of HBV genotype B and C compared with the reference sequences. In the 13 analyzed CTL epitopes, 4 showed variation accounting over 70% in genotype B, and 2 have variance over 70% in occurrence in genotype C. Among these, C18-27 (FLPSDFFPSV), HBcAg-derived CTL epitope which was the most frequently studied previously, is showed in variation more frequently in HBV genotype B and C popular in China, reaching 71% and 97%, respectively. Conlusion Some CTL epitopic sequences of HBV genotype B and C popular in China have their own charactiristic difference from previously reported ones, which should be considered in the study of CTL response of Chinese subjects.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of treatment of leukoplakia vulvae with high-intensity focused ultrasound. Methods 65 patients with leukoplakia of the vulva were treated with high-intensity focused ultrasound. The patients were followed up after the treatment, and the symptoms including itch of the vulva, color change, the elasticity of the vulva lesions, and release of adhesions were observed and evaluated at the different times after treatment. Result All of the patients experienced relief in different degree (the ratio of effectiveness was 100%). Of them 28 patients were complete cured, 29 were distinctly improved, 8 were improved. In 5 patients there was a recrudescence with mild itch 2-3 months after treatment, but there was still a positive response to the second course of treatment. Conclusions High-intensity focused ultrasound is a highly effective instrument in the treatment of leukoplakia of the vulva. The treatment not only stops itch, but enables the color and elasticity of the vulva to recover as well.

Objective To investigate the effects of transplantatation human endothelial progenitor cells onneurological functional recovery from spinal cord injury model in rats,survival of transplanting cells and differentia-tion. Method The human endothelial progenitor cells were provided by Shanghai Developmental Biology Labora-tory.Forty SD rats were made for the animal model of spinal cord complete transection.Thirty survival SD rats wererandomly divided into three groups:sham operation gronp(group A, n = 10),operation/cell group(greup B, n =10) and operation/DMEM group (group C, n = 10).Suspension containing (hEPCs 6×106) was transplanted in-to the vertebral canal around injured spinal cord. In group C, equal volume of DMEM was injected insbead in the same way as in the group B. The BBB score was obtained 2,4,6,8 weeks after injection, Immunohistochemistry andin-situ hybridization were used to observe the cells survival and differentiation in the spinal cord. The BBB test wasperformed to study the functional improvement of cells. The SAS version. 1.3 software for statistics was to studyethology and functional improvement. The sum of ranks was checlced with Kruskal-Wallis Test and Nemenyi test.Results There were statistically significant differences in BBB scoring between group A and group B as well asgroup C after operation (P<0.05). The BBB score in group B was higher than that in group C after 2,4,6 and8 weeks,but lower than in group A. The hybridization in-situ and immunohistochemistry showed that transplantedcells survived for 8 weeks after transplantation and expressed specific characteristics for ancestral cell and differentiated into vascular endothelial cell (VEC). Conclusions After transplantation, hEPCs can survive, differenti-ate into vascular endothelial cell,and improve spinal cord function as compared with control group.

AIM: To study the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) activation in high glucose-induced collagen Ⅲ synthesis in NRK52E cells. METHODS: Normal rat tubular epithelial cell line NRK52E was cultured in D-glucose of different concentrations, pretreated with SB203580 and collected at different time points. The levels of phospho-p38MAPK and extracellular matrix collagen Ⅲ were examined by Western blotting. RESULTS: The activation of p38MAPK was shown to be dependent upon D-glucose concentration and the time-course. Pretreatment with SB203580 blocked p38MAPK activation induced by high concentration of D-glucose in NRK52E cells. CONCLUSIONS: The activation of p38MAPK induced by high concentration of glucose may play a role in diabetic interstital renal fibrosis. SB203580 has a potential value of clinical applications in the prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy.

Objective To study the expressions of main subtypes of heat shock protein (HSP) in uterine cervix with different pathological changes. Method 478 cases of cervical biopsy specimen were divided into invasive carcinoma of cervix group (63 cases), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia group (CIN, 106 cases), chronic cervicitis group (293 cases) and normal uterine cervix (16 cases) according to pathological diagnosis. The expression levels of HSP70, HSP90α and HSP90β mRNA were detected by quantitative RT-PCR with specific complex cRNA as internal control. Results (1) The expressions of HSP70, HSP90α and HSP90β mRNA were significantly downtrend stepwise in invasive carcinoma of cervix, CIN, chronic cervicitis and normal cervix tissue. (P＜0.01, respectively). (2)In the invasive carcinoma of cervix group, the expression level of HSP90β mRNA was higher in advanced stage (FIGOⅡb-Ⅳ) compared with incipient (FIGOⅠa-Ⅱa) cancer of the cervix. (P＜0.05). (3)The expressions of HSP70 and HSP90β mRNA were each higher in poorly differentiated tumor than in well-differentiated tumor. (P＜0.05, respectively). (4)The expression levels of all three HSP mRNA had no significant differences were observed with different histological types of cervical cancer. (P＞0.05). Conclusions Heat shock protein may play some important roles in malignant transformation of cervix cell and aggravation of cervix cancer. HSP70 and HSP90α may promote cancer cell transition and proliferation, and HSP90β may participate in cell differentiation.

In this paper, the lethal effect on Rhizopus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium by ozone was studied. The mortality rate against the time of the treatment of ozone and the variation of ozone concentration was measured. The changes of cell form were also observed. The Experiment results indicate that fungi could be destroyed completely by ozone and the mortality rate obviously increase with the prolonging of treatment time. When ozone was absorbed by KI,the mortality rate declines.

Objective To investigate the incidence and the risk factors of anxiety or depression and in the first degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ). Methods A total of 102 T2DM patients who visited our hospital from May to July 2010 and their FDRs completed SAS,SDS,and life satisfaction evaluation. The medical history of T2DM patients was collected and compared with their FDRs with or without mental disorders. The correlations of risk factors with anxiety or depression were analyzed, t test or X2 test were used for statistical analysis and a P value less than 0. 05 was considered statistically significant. Results The incidence of anxiety or depression of FDRs was 31.4% and 17.6%,respectively. The life satisfaction score of FDRs with mental disorders was significantly decreased ( t = 4. 26 and 4. 09, P＜0. 05 ). Fasting glucose level of T2DM patients with anxious or depressive FDRs was significantly increased ( t = -2. 48 and -2. 15, P＜0. 05 ). Higher medical cost and multiple treatment strategies were positively correlated with SAS and SDS score of the FDRs. Conclusion Higher incidence of mental disorders and lower satisfaction scores could be found in the FDRs of T2DM patients. Better control of blood glucose and reduced treatment cost and strategies may be useful in improving metal condition and life satisfaction of the FDRs of T2DM patients.