In this report we have provided a preliminary assessment of the application of gastrocnemius in microsurgery after having observed the gastrocnemius and the blood vessels and nerves of 50 adult cadavers (100 cases of lower limbs).1. The gastrocnemius has relatively wide and thick belly both in the medial and in the lateral head , the strength of which is rather strong.Each head of the gastrocnemius has a single vessel and nerve.The outside diameter of the blood vessel is above 2 mm and the vessel pedicle 3-4 cm in length.The removal of either of the heads is of little effect on the functions of lower limbs.2. The medial head of the gastrocnemius has a wider and thicker belly, a bigger diameter and longer pedicle of the blood vessel than the lateral head.Theblood for the skin in the area of the medial head is mainly supplied by the musclocutaneous artery, while that in the area of lateral head by the direct cutaneous artery.

Objective:To explore the effects of angiotens in Ⅳ on the hippocampus neuronal apoptosis and the cognitive function of diabetic rats.Methods:38 SD male rats were divided into normal group,diabetic model group and angiotensin Ⅳ treatment group randomly.Streptozotocin-diabetic rat model was established and learning and memory behaviors were investigated using a spatial version of the Morris water maze test.The expression of Bcl-xl of all rats was examined with immunohistochemical method.Meanwhile,the hippocampal neuronal apoptosis were measured by TUNEL.Results:Learning and memory grade in the angiotensin Ⅳ treatment group were better than diabetic model group(P

The auther dissected 168 adult and infant cadavers and the form and innervation of anal sphincter muscle complex (ASMC) were observed. It was found that there were individual variations in development of ASMC. The well-developed puborectalis accounted for 72.4%, the poorly developed 22.4% and no puborectalis 5.2%. Usually, the ratio of the thickness of the internal (IS) and external sphincter (ES) was 1: 1.5. Occasionally, IS was thinner than ES. Their ratio was 1 : 3 or 1: 5. On the other hand, IS might be 2~3 times thicker than ES. N. puborectalis existed in most cases. It mostly originated from the pelvic splanchnic nerve. The most frequent existence of the anal nerve (45.8%) was in those of single thunks originating from the perineal nerve. The clinical significance of ASMC in the ano rectal surgery is also discussed.

Objective To discuss and study the ethics related issues of xenocorneal transplantation.Methods The ethics related issues of xenocorneal transplantation were discussed through analysis of the cornea characteristics and present situation of corneal transplantation.Results The ethical problems faced by corneal transplantation mainly consisted of technical barriers social problems:immune rejection after corneal transplantation; species chosen whether or not to meet the ethical requirements,whether to violate the ethics; animal rights issues; whether can cause characteristics change of xenocorneal transplantation person; whether xenocorneal transplantation will lead to the spread of deadly diseases,and endanger public safety.Conclusions Xenocorneal transplantation can help patients regain their sight,its success requires not only the innovation breakthrough of science and technology,but also the attention of people on ethical issues of xenocorneal transplantation.

Premixed insulin is currently the most popular insulin starter in China.According to the different ratios of basal and prandial components,premixed insulin analogues could be classified into low-and midmixtures.The former is now mainly used as insulin starter in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after the failure of monotherapy or combination with oral antidiabetic drugs,while the later is usually used as simplified intensive insulin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on insulin once-or twice-daily.

Objective To investigate the chemical constituents from the roots of Polygala japonica. Methods The compounds were isolated by silica gel, ODS, and macroporous resin column chromatography and their structures were determined by means of spectral analysis. Results Eight compounds were isolated and characterized as ?-D-(3-O-sinapoyl)-fructofuranosyl-?-D-(6-O-sinapoyl)-glucopyranoside (Ⅰ), arillatose A (Ⅱ), sibiricose A_5 (Ⅲ), sibiricose A_6 (Ⅳ), neolancerin (Ⅴ), polygalaxanthone Ⅲ (Ⅵ), sibiricaxanthone A (Ⅶ) and polygalatol (Ⅷ). Conclusion These compounds are extracted from this plant for the first time. Compound Ⅴ is obtained from natural products for the first time.

Aim To study the active constituents for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis from the ethyl acetate extracts of the roots of Lasianthus acuminatissimus Merr. Methods Various chromatographic techniques were used to separate and purify the constituents. Their structures were established on the basis of 1D, 2D NMR and HRMS spectroscopic analyses and their preliminary evaluation of anti-inflammation effect on the release of β-glucuronidase was carried out. Results Eight compounds were isolated and identified as lasianthuslactone A ( 1 ) , codonolactone ( 2 ), 2, 5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone ( 3 ) ,uncargenin A (4) , nonadecyl alcohol (5) , 13-docosenoic acid (6) , tetracosanoic acid (7) and β-sitosterol (8). Compound 3 showed a significant inhibitory effect on release of β-glucuronidase rat polymorphous nuclear leukocytes activated by platelet activating factor (PAF). Conclusion Compound 1is a new one, the others were isolated from the plant for the first time and 3 is one of active antiinflammation compound in the plant.

Experimental, clinical and epidemiologic studies have provided strong evidence that physical training has beneficial effects on cardiovascular health. Numerous investigations have demonstrated that exercise increases coronary blood flow and myocardial perfusion. Importantly, training also can stimulate angiogenesis and accelerate collateral vessel growth in animal models with coronary artery occlusion. Cardiac adaptation such as increased vascularity or capillary density has been evidenced after regular endurance exercises. More recently, several studies indicate that physical training induces high levels of myocardial heat shock protein and antioxidant protein expression, which may play an important role in myocardial protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Objective To investigate the clinical and imaging features of cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy(CARASIL).Methods Clinical data of a Chinese Mongolian patient with CARASIL were analyzed retrospectively and pedigree investigation was carried out in the family.Results The proband's parents were cousin and her brother was a patient with CARASIL too.The patients had onset at 25 and 23 years old,respectively.Clinical manifestations included cerebral stroke,progressive motor and mental deterioration,seizures,alopecia,and ocular fundus arteriosclerosis.No common risk factors of cerebral stroke were found in the family.Brain MRI showed bilateral diffuse cerebral white matter lesion with multiple infarcts and O'Sullivan sign.Cervical vertebral MRI showed multiple protrusion of intervertebral disc and significant retrogression.Conclusions CARASIL is clinically characterized by young-age-onset cerebral stroke,cerebral arteriosclerosis,alopecia,cervical and lumbar spondylopathy.MRI shows multiple cerebral infarcts,leukoencephalopathy and retrogression of intervertebral disc.

Objective To study on comparison of different age group patients with acute abdomen who received laboratory check-ups.Methods 126 patients with acute abdomen were divided into 0.05).2.Of 126 patients,65 cases(51.6%)received abdominal B ultrasonography check-up,among which 41 cases(44.1%)were in