Objective To discuss and study the ethics related issues of xenocorneal transplantation.Methods The ethics related issues of xenocorneal transplantation were discussed through analysis of the cornea characteristics and present situation of corneal transplantation.Results The ethical problems faced by corneal transplantation mainly consisted of technical barriers social problems:immune rejection after corneal transplantation; species chosen whether or not to meet the ethical requirements,whether to violate the ethics; animal rights issues; whether can cause characteristics change of xenocorneal transplantation person; whether xenocorneal transplantation will lead to the spread of deadly diseases,and endanger public safety.Conclusions Xenocorneal transplantation can help patients regain their sight,its success requires not only the innovation breakthrough of science and technology,but also the attention of people on ethical issues of xenocorneal transplantation.

Objective To investigate the mechanism and role of ?-ray of 103Pd in the treatment of biliary duct cancer.Methods A series of biliary duct cancer cells were treated with different ?-ray dose,and MTT [3-(4,5-dimethy thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl terazolium-bromide] technique was used to determine the inhibition rate of ?-ray of 103Pd on the biliary duct cancer cells;and electron micro-technique,DNA agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry to evaluate the morphological characteristics and apoptosis rate of the biliary duct cancer cells were also used.Results The ?-ray radiation of 103Pd resulted in significant inhibition of the biliary duct cancer cells.The features of biliary duct cancer cells apoptosis(e,g:apoptic bodies,DNA ladders band hypodiploid DNA peak) could be seen in the group with lower dosage(5.333mci),and cell necrosis was seen in higher dosage(more than 6.645 mci).Conclusions The ?-ray radiation could induce apoptosis of the biliary duct cancer cells,but with dose dependence,and apoptosis can be an important mechanism for radiation treatment of biliary duct cancer.