BACKGROUND:The relationship of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FBGFR3) and malignant tumor has been confirmed. However, domestic and foreign studies on whether FBGFR-3 plays a role in odontogenic tumor with special biological characteristic are few.OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression of FBGFR-3 in odontogenic tumor.DESIGN: A randomized controlled observation.SETTING: Department of Stomatology, Medical College, Medical College of Huzhou Teachers College; Stomatology Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University.MATERIALS:This experiment was carried out in the Stomatology Hospital, Medical College Affiliated to Zhejiang University between January 2003 and December 2004.All the samples were from the odontogenic tumor patients admitted to Department of Pathology, Stomatology Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Zhejiang University between year 1999 and year 2000, including 29 patients with ameloblastoma, 20 keratocyst and 36 primordial cyst. Normal dental crypt or residual dental lamina epithelium tissue served as control. All the samples were embedded by paraffin, sliced into 3 to 5 μm-thickness sections, placed on polylysine-spread slide, and dried for later use.METHODS: The expressions of FBGFR-3 in the normal dental crypt or residual dental lamina epithelium tissue,odontogenic ameloblastoma, keratocyst and primordial cyst were detected by immunohistochemical method.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Expressions of FBGFR-3 in ameloblastoma, keratocyst and primordial cyst.RESULTS: The expression of FBGFR-3 in the ameloblastoma, keratocyst and primordial cyst was positive, presenting 59%, 45% and 8%, respectively, and there were significant differences in expression of FBGFR-3 among these three;FGGFR-3 was not expressed in the normal dental crypt and residual dental lamina epithelium tissue. FBGFR-3-positive cells gathered in the maturation region of tumor cells.CONCLUSION: FBGFR-3 may be related to the pathogenesis of ameloblastoma and keratocyst, and terminal differentiation mechanism.

Objective To explor the ultrasonography methodology of the fetal ductus arteriosus.Methods Based on the fetal four-chamber sight, the characteristic ultrasound images were observed by moving probe,such as "V-shape" sign,"three-finger" sign,"Z-shape" sign and"hockey-handle" sign making up of the ductus arteriosus and the nearby structures were observed by moving probe. The inner diameter,the systole flow velocity,the diastole flow velocity and the resistance index of the ductus arteriosus via the "V-shape" sign section were measured. Results Among the 365 normal fetus cases,355 "V-shape" sign cases,237 "three-finger" sign cases,298 "Z-shape" sign cases and 331 "hockey-handle" sign cases were identified. The inner diameter of the fetal ductus arteriosus increases gradually with the growth of the gestational weeks and the flow velocity increases gradually too, while the resistance index had no obvious variation with the growth of the gestational weeks. Conclusions According to the characteristic ultrasound images, such as "V-shape" sign, "three-finger" sign, "Z-shape" sign and "hockey-handle" sign, the fetal ductus arteriosus can be identified promptly.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on retinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice.Metbods Forty-eight C57BL/6 male mice,aged 8 weeks,weighing 20-24 g,were divided into 3 groups (n =16 each) using a random number table:control group (C group),I/R group and dexmedetomidine group (D group).The model of retinal I/R injury was established by elevating intraocular pressure for 60 min using anterior chamber cannulation followed by 24 h of reperfusion.At 15 min before ischemia and 5 min before reperfusion,dexmedetomidine 25 μg/kg was intraperitoneally injected in group D,and the equal volume of normal saline was intraperitoneally injected in C and I/R groups.Eight mice were sacrificed at 24 h of reperfusion,and the retina was removed for microscopic examination of pathologic changes (with light microscope) after haematoxylin and eosin staining and for determination of cell apoptosis in retinal tissues (by TUNEL).Apoptosis index (AI) was calculated.Eight mice were sacrificed at 24 h of reperfusion,and the retina was removed for determination of the expression of Bcl-2,Bax,caspase-3 and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in retinal tissues (by Western blot).Bcl-2/Bax ratio was calculated.Results Compared with group C,AI was significantly increased,the expression of Bax,caspase-3 and CHOP was up-regulated,the expression of Bcl-2 was down-regulated,Bcl-2/Bax ratio was decreased (P＜0.05),and pathologic changes were found in retinal tissues in group I/R.Compared with group I/R,AI was significantly decreased,the expression of Bax,caspase-3 and CHOP was down-regulated,the expression of Bcl-2 was up-regulated,Bcl-2/Bax ratio was increased (P＜0.05),and pathologic changes of retinal tissues were significantly attenuated in group D (P＜0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can reduce retinal I/R injury,and the mechanism mav be related to inhibiting cell apoptosis in mice.

Objective To understand the prevalence of HIV infection,syphilis and hepatitis C and related behavioral factors in female sex workers (FSWs) and other 6 risk populations in Tibet Autonomous Region.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2 000 FSWs,200 men who have sex with men (MSM),200 drug users,1 200 male migrants,5 600 young students,as well as hospital patients and pregnant women in Lhasa,Qamdo,Nyingchi,Xigaze Shannan,Ali and Nagqum from June to December 2015.Face to face interviews were conducted to collect their demographic and behavioral information,and blood samples were collected for the tests of HIV,syphilis and hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies.The enumeration data were described by using rate and constituent.Results A total of 20 597 participants were involved in cross-sectional survey.The positive rates of HIV and syphilis antibodies were 5.81％(124/2 133) and 0.05％ (1/2 133) respectively among FSWs.The positive rates of HIV and syphilis antibodies were the same (9.80％,10/102) among MSM.There were no HIV infection detected in among drug users,male migrants and young students,but the positive rates of syphilis antibody were 4.00％(4/100),0.33％ (4/1 297) and 0.08％ (4/5 095)respectively.The positive rates of HIV and syphilis antibodies were 0.04％(2/5 565) and 1.64％(91/5565) among hospital patients.The positive rates of HIV and syphilis antibodies were 0.11％(7/6 305)and 1.19％(75/6 305)among pregnant women.The positive rates of HCV antibody were 1.00％ (1/100)among drug users and less than 0.50％ in other risk populations.The overall consistent condom use rate was low.Conclusions In Tibet,HIV infection mainly occurred in the MSM,syphilis mainly occurred in FSWs and MSM,HCV infection mainly occurred in drug users.The AIDS related knowledge awareness rate was low in these risk populations,and less of them received intervention service.

Objective To investigate the effect ofdexmedetomidine (Dex) on endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and apoptosis in brain injury after asphyxiating cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR) in rats.Methods A total of 60 clean male Sprague-Dawley rars were randomly divided into sham-operated group,CA/CPR group and Dex precondition group (n=20).Rats in the control group did not receive CA/CPR;and rats in the CA/CPR group and Dex precondition group were performed cardiac arrest induced by asphyxia,and then,CPR was performed.Dex with dose of 4.0 microgram/kg (body weight) was intravenously injected into rats in the Dex precondition group prior to 5 min of asphyxia.The same volume of saline by intravenous injection was given to rats in control group and CA/CPR group.Brain tissues were collected after the experiment,and wet to dry weight (W/D) ratio was tested.The mRNA expressions of CCAAT-enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP),activation of transcription factor 4 (A TF4) and X-4 box binding protein 1 (XBP1) in the hippocampus were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The protein expressions of CHOP,B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2),Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3 (caspase-3) in the hippocampus were measured by Western boltting.Neuronal apoptosis was detected by terminal dexynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL).Morphological and ultrastructural changes of brains of rats were observed by light microscopy and electron microscopy.Results As compared with the control group,CA/CPR group and Dex precondition group had significantly increased W/D ratio of brain tissues and mRNA expressions of XBP1,A TF4 and CHOP in the hippocampus,significantly higher protein expressions of CHOP,Bax and caspase-3,and statistically lower Bcl-2 expression (P＜0.05).As compared with the CA/CPR group,Dex precondition group had significantly decreased W/D ratio of brain tissues and mRNA expressions of XBP1,A TF4 and CHOP in the hippocampus,significantly lower protein expressions of CHOP,Bax and caspase-3,and statistically higher Bcl-2 expression (P＜0.05).TUNEL indicated that the neuronal apoptosis rate in the control group (7.49％±4.33％) was significantly lower than that in the CA/CPR group and Dex precondition group (29.73％±6.27％ and 16.82％±5.75％,P＜0.05);significant difference was noted between CA/CPR group and Dex precondition group in the neuronal apoptosis rate (P＜0.05).Changes in the morphology and ultramicrostructure injuries of brain tissues were more significant in CA/CPR group,while the changes were obviously alleviated in Dex precondition group.Conclusion Dex can alleviate brain injury after asphyxiating CA/CPR in rats,whose mechanism may be related to ERS and inhibition on apoptosis of nerve cells.

The prevalence of HIV infections continues to rise among Chinese MSM. This population is prone to has high-risk behaviors including having multiple sexual partners, unprotected anal intercourse (UAI), etc. This paper summarizes the situation of UAI and related influencing factors, including age, educational level, number of sexual partners, recreational drug abusing and related status of discrimination, etc. The purpose of this article is to provide reference for targeted intervention and prevention of HIV among MSM population.

Objective To analyze the serological results and sexual behavior among different types of drug users (DUS) at the HIV sentinel surveillance sites.Methods Sentinel surveillance programs were conducted between April and June annually.DUS were those involved in custodies,living at the communities and those attending the methadone maintenance treatment clinics but with positive urine tests one month before blood sampling collected and questionnaire survey started.Results 116 279 drug abusers were included in the analysis.The prevalence rates of HIV,Syphilis and HCV among traditional drug(heroin,etc.)users were 5.0％,4.4％ and 49.4％,while the prevalence rates of new narcotic (meth,etc.) users were 0.5％,4.6％,15.2％,respectively.The prevalence rates of HIV,syphilis among traditional drug uses were higher than the new narcotic users (P＜0.01).The proportion of sexual behavior in last month and the proportion of sexual behavior with casual and commercial sexual partners were 46.3％,87.2％ and 28.1％ among the new narcotic users,respectively,which were higher than those among traditional drug users (40.7％,82.8％ and 22.2％).The proportion of using condom in last sexual contact with casual sexual partner was 33.3％ among the new narcotic users which was less than traditional drug users (36.2％).The proportion of condom use in the last commercial sexual contact was 65.l％ which was higher than those traditional drug users (62.9％).The proportion of never using condom with casual and commercial sexual partners in the past year was 43.2％ and 19.0％ among the traditional drug users,which were higher than those among new narcotic users (41.3％,15.3％).Conclusion Compared with the traditional drug abusers,the sexual behavior of new narcotic users seemed more active,less engaging in condom use but with higher risk of HIV transmission through sexual contact.

BACKGROUNDFemale sex workers (FSW) were high-risk population for HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STD) earlier, and now are an important driver of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in China. Sentinel surveillance for FSW was set up to monitor the trend of HIV prevalence and risk behavior-related HIV infection. This study collected the data on street-based FSW from HIV sentinel surveillance system to understand HIV and syphilis infections, risk behaviors, and intervention in China from 2010 to 2012.

METHODSThe study population was the street-based FSW who were recruited for the national HIV integrated biological and behavioral surveillance between 2010 and 2012. Demographic information, HIV-related risk behaviors, and HIV and syphilis testing results were described and trend analysis was performed.

RESULTSBetween 2010 and 2012, the number of street-based FSW surveyed was 3725, 3425, and 3335, respectively. HIV knowledge awareness rate significantly increased from 74.6% in 2010 to 76.8% in 2011 and 82.2% in 2012 (P < 0.01). More FSW consistently used condom in the last month (49.0% in 2010; 51.0% in 2011; and 59.0% in 2012) and in the last commercial sex (72.0% in 2010; 78.5% in 2011; and 80.0% in 2012) over time. The proportions of individuals who received HIV testing in the last year were 31.2% (2010), 37.0% (2011), and 36.9% (2012) (P-trend <0.01). HIV prevalence rate changed from 1.5% in 2010 to 1.4% in 2011 and 2.3% in 2012 (P-trend = 0.01). Syphilis prevalence rate was 6.9%, 7.2%, and 7.1% in the same period. The top three provinces with the highest average HIV prevalence rates over the 3 years were Guangxi (5.9%), Yunnan (4.2%), and Sichuan (1.2%).

CONCLUSIONSStreet-based FSW are at high risk of HIV and syphilis infections. Intervention efforts need to target streetbased FSW who are of old age and minority, who use illicit drugs and have syphilis infection.

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Risk-Taking ; Sex Workers ; Syphilis ; epidemiology