The encephalopathy of prematurity is a complex amalgam of primary destructive disease and secondary developmental disturbances.The interrelations between destructive and developmental mechanisms at cellular and molecular level in the genesis of the encephalopathy are emphasized and reviewed.We focus on its latest definition,microglia activation induced oligodendrocyte injury,neuronal/axonal impairments,and recent insights of thalamus,subplate neurons and cerebral cortex injury.

Objective To explore the curative effect of the different utilized timing of romethamine in cesarean section with central placenta previa.Methods All of 148 patients with central placenta previa were divided into observation group (74 patients) and control group (74 patients) according to the serial number.The patients in observation group were given romethamine after breaking off umbilical core,the patients in control group were given romethamine after placental expulsion.The intraoperative blood loss,postoperative 24 h blood loss,operation time,rate of automatic placental expulsion and adverse reaction were compared.Results The intraoperative blood loss in observation group was less than that in control group[(503.5 ± 320.8) ml vs.(672.1 ± 409.6) ml],the rate of automatic placental expulsion was higher than that in control group [79.73％ (59/74) vs.54.05％ (40/74)],the operation time was less than that in control group [(42 ± 15) min vs.(55 ± 16) min],there was significant difference (P ＜0.05 or ＜0.01).The postoperative 24 h blood loss and the adverse reaction between two groups had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions In cesarean section with central placenta previa,given romethamine after breaking off umbilical core can improve the rate of automatic placental expulsion,shorten operation time,decrease intraoperative blood loss.It is worthy of spreading.

Objective To analyze the effect of artery perfusion intervention combined with radiation and chemotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer,and to provide clinical reference.Methods One hundred and eighteen cases with locally advanced cervical cancer patients were divided into observation group and control group by random digits table method,each group 59 cases,all patients in two groups received preoperative chemoradiation,observation group based on this,and added arterial perfusion interventional chemotherapy,compared the clinical curative effect of two groups.Results The effective rate in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group[93.22％(55/59) vs.77.97％(46/59)] (x2 =5.567,P=0.018).Seventeen cases in observation group with Ⅰ and Ⅱ degree of nausea,vomiting,2 cases with Ⅲ degree of nausea,vomiting,4 cases with Ⅰ degree of bone marrow suppression,the incidence of adverse reactions were 38.98％(23/59);18 cases in control group with Ⅰ and Ⅱ degree of nausea,vomiting,3 cases with bone marrow suppression,the incidence of adverse reactions were 35.59％ (21/59),there was no statistically significant difference between two groups (x2 =0.145,P =0.703).Conclusions Preoperative arterial perfusion intervention combined with chemoradiotherapy can effectively improve the curative effect for locally advanced cervical cancer,and has no increase in adverse reactions,and has important clinical value.

Objective To study the effects of irbesartan and amlodipine on blood pressure variability (BPV) by observation of irbesartan and amlodipine in treatment of essential hypertension before and after the change of blood pressure.Methods 119 hypertensive patients were randomly divided into group A and group B according to age,sex, blood pressure,left ventricular mass index.60 patients were treated with irbesartan (group A),and another 59 patients were treated with amlodipine(group B).Liver and kidney function,blood glucose,cholesterol,low density lipoprotein,24h systolic blood pressure variation coefficient (24SCV),coefficient of variation of daytime systolic (dSCV),night systolic blood pressure variability index (nSCV),24h diastolic blood pressure coefficient of variation (24DCV),day-time diastolic blood pressure variability (dDCV),nocturnal diastolic blood pressure variation coefficient (nDCV),left ventricular mass index (LVMI),urine micro albumin,carotid intima -media thickness (IMT)level were examined at the 24th week of the therapy.Results (1 )The levels of 24h SCV,dSCV,nSCV after treatment were significantly lower than before treatment both in group A and group B (group A:24hSCV t =4.42;dSCV t =3.46;nSCV t =4.70, group B:24hSCV t =3.93;dSCV t =2.38;nSCV t =5.00,all P <0.01).Comparison of BPV between group A and group B after treatment,the 24hSCV,dSCV,nSCV of group A were lower than those of group B(24hSCV t =3.16;dSCV t =2.95,;nSCV t =2.26,all P <0.05).(2)The levels of 24hDCV,dDCV,nDCV after treatment were signifi-cantly lower than before treatment both in group A and group B(group A:24hDCV t =9.96;dDCV t =3.31;nDCV t =5.93,all P <0.01;group B:24hDCV t =5.38;dDCV t =2.19;nDCV t =5.76,all P <0.01).Comparison of BPV between group A and group B after treatment,24hDCV,dDCV,nDCV of group A were lower than those of group B (24hDCV t =2.42;dDCV t =1.44;nDCV t =2.45,all P <0.05).(3)The level of LVMI after treatment was signifi-cantly lower than before treatment both in group A and group B (group A:t =8.11,P <0.01;group B:t =7.28,all P <0.01).Comparison of LVMI between group A and group B after treatment,the LVMI of group A was lower than that of group B(t =3.75,P <0.01).(4)The level of urine micro albumin after treatment was significantly lower than before treatment both in group A and group B (group A:t =25.04;group B t =11.59,all P <0.01).Comparison of urine micro albumin between group A and group B after treatment,the level of group A was lower than that of group B (t =8.23,P <0.01).(5)The level of IMT after treatment was significantly lower than before treatment both in group A and group B (group A:t =5.58;group B t =4.10,all P <0.01).Comparison of IMT between group A and group B after treatment,the level of group A was lower than that of group B(t =1.98,P <0.05).Conclusion Irbesartan and amlodipine both can effectively reduce blood pressure and BPV.They both can protection of target organs in patients with hypertension.Irbesartan is better than amlodipine.

AIM:To explore the effects of the combined use of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASODN) and cisplatin on apoptosis of HL-60 cells. METHODS:PCR-ELISA was used to determine telomerase activity in HL-60 cells untreated or treated with ASODN, the expression levels of hTERT protein were assayed by immunofluorescence using fluoresce isothiocyanate (FITC) label. Apoptosis was detected by DNA electrophoresis and flow cytomertric cell cycle analysis. RESULTS:The expression levels of hTERT protein and telomerase activity in HL-60 cells treated with ASODN were shown to decrease with time, the DNA fragments were obviously found and the percentage of apoptosis cells was significantly enhanced in HL-60 cells with the combined use of hTERT ASODN and cisplatin compared with the combined use of hTERT sense oligodeoxynucleotide and cisplatin or cisplatin alone, respectively. CONCLUSION:Inhibition of telomerase activity by hTERT ASODN increases the cisplatin-induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for AIDS vaccine R&D in China through investigating AIDS vaccine patent ap-proval in America. METHODS:By combining keywords as HIV vaccine(s),AIDS vaccine(s) and Vaccine of HIV(AIDS) and classification number as A61K,A61P and C12P,related patents were retrieved from Thomson Innovation platform during Jan. 1981-Mar. 2015,and then analyzed in respects of patent data,patent approval trend,R&D ability,patent technology field distribu-tion,etc. RESULTS:A total of 1 272 patents were retrieved,including 405 valid patents. From 1985 to 2014,there were three stages for the change of AIDS vaccine application quantity,which were slow rise,fast rise and slow decline period;on the whole, the trend was on the rise. The main players were Duke University,United States Department of Health and Human Services,Pas-teur Institute,Connaught Laboratories Limited and Merck Group. AIDS vaccine R&D focused on pharmaceutical preparation,thera-peutic activity of medicinal preparations,microorganism,enzyme,etc. American scientific research institutions focused more on pharmaceutical preparation and peptide study. CONCLUSIONS:Though the AIDS vaccine field develops slowly,the future is still promising. In this field,America has stronger patent advantage and scientific research strength. AIDS vaccine R&D concentrates on pharmaceutical preparation,therapeutic activity of medicinal preparations and composition.

AIM: To explore the effects of the combined use of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASODN) and cisplatin on apoptosis of HL-60 cells. METHODS: PCR-ELISA was used to determine telomerase activity in HL-60 cells untreated or treated with ASODN, the expression levels of hTERT protein were assayed by immunofluorescence using fluoresce isothiocyanate (FITC) label. Apoptosis was detected by DNA electrophoresis and flow cytomertric cell cycle analysis. RESULTS: The expression levels of hTERT protein and telomerase activity in HL-60 cells treated with ASODN were shown to decrease with time, the DNA fragments were obviously found and the percentage of apoptosis cells was significantly enhanced in HL-60 cells with the combined use of hTERT ASODN and cisplatin compared with the combined use of hTERT sense oligodeoxynucleotide and cisplatin or cisplatin alone, respectively. CONCLUSION: Inhibition of telomerase activity by hTERT ASODN increases the cisplatin-induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells.

BACKGROUND:Bare-metal stent for treatment of myocardial infarction may improve cardiac function to some extent, but it is prone to induce thrombus. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of heparin slow-release stent on angiogenesis and cardiac function of patients with acute myocardial infarction. METHODS:A total of 87 patients with acute myocardial infarction were enroled, including 47 males and 40 females, aged 55-81 years. These patients were divided into observation group (n=45) with percutaneous coronary intervention with heparin slow-release stent and control group (n=42) with percutaneous coronary intervention with bare metal stent. The folow-up period was 12 months, and angiogenesis, cardiac function improvement and adverse cardiac events in the two groups were observed and compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The new blood vessel density, myocardial survival area and left ventricular ejection fraction were al higher in the observation group than the control group (P < 0.05). At 3 months after intervention, there was one case of revascularization and one case of recurrent acute myocardial infarction in the observation group; in the control group, there was case of revascularization, one case of recurrent acute myocardial infarction and one case of sudden cardiac death, and there was no difference between the two groups. These findings indicate that that percutaneous coronary intervention with heparin slow-release stent has good biocompatibility and can effectively promote the regeneration of blood vessels and improve cardiac function of patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Objective To identify right-sided chest lead electrocardiograph (ECG) abnormalities in acute pulmonary embolismMethods Changes of routinely recorded 12-lead and right-sided chest leads V 3R, V 4R and V 5R ECGs in 98 patients with suspected pulmonary embolism hospitalized at Ninghe County Hospital during March 1999 to October 2003 were analyzed retrospectively Parameters of both right and left-sided ECGs available were measured and comparedResults Diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism was established in only 23 (234%) of 98 suspected patients, 18 men (78%) and 5 women (22%), with mean age of (48 ? 10) ECG changes suggestive of acute right ventricular strain were found in both right and left-sided leads in 18 (78%) of 23 patients with pulmonary embolism, and their ECG changes disappeared within 24 hours after admission or onset of symptoms with pulmonary embolism in 13 (72%) of them ST segment elevation in leads V 3R, V 4R, V 5R ,and abnormalities in standard 12-lead ECGs were found in nine (39%), and five (22%) of them with a diagnosis of pulmonary embolism had normal left-sided ECGs, but elevated ST segment and qr or QS pattern (prominent q waves) in leads V 3R, V 4R and V 5R in their right-sided ECGs Thirteen (565%) of them showed ST-segment elevated in leads V 3R, V 4R and V 5R,and 20 (87%) showed qr configuration in lead V 3RConclusions Patients with acute pulmonary embolism often show characteristic ECG changes in right-sided chest leads When pulmonary embolism is suspected, especially no typical changes in routinely-recorded standard 12-lead ECGs can be found, right-sided chest lead ECG should be performed

It remains an urgent need to develop effective malaria vaccine for global control of malaria.Application of high technologies such as biotechnology has facilitated the process of vaccine development for malaria.In the past 30 years,a large number of vaccine candidate antigens for malaria have been identified and some of them are currently in clinical trials.Major progress in malaria vaccine development has also been made in China.The PfCP-2.9 blood stage vaccine for malaria has entered clinical studies and some other vaccine candidates including combination malaria vaccine are currently in pre-clinical studies.The availability of various national research programs and international funding has stimulated laboratory and pre-clinical studies of malaria vaccine candidates.It remains a long-term goal to develop a safe and effective malaria vaccine to control and even eliminate the disease in the world,and many issues including malaria immunology and various types of technologies need to be addressed.However,efforts need to be continued toward the goal.