Some immunosuppressants influence the synthesis and metabolism of lipids,which is a major factor for hyperlipidemia in organ transplant patients.The recent studies on the relationship between immunosuppressants and hyperlipidemia are reviewed.

Central nervous system ( CNS) injuries, such as cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and spinal cord injury (SCI), are often accompanied by complex pathological changes, and could lead to a variety of other neurological diseases.Neurons and glial cells are precisely regulated by many genes.MicroRNA ( miRNA ) are endogenous molecules discovered in recent years that regulate post transcriptional gene expression.They are highly expressed in the central nervous system and abnormal expressed under pathological conditions.They are involved in regulating variety of pathological processes after CNS injuries, and are CNS disease potential biomarkers.

Aim This paper aims at investigating the effect of dofetilide on Na+/Ca 2+exchange in ventricular myocytes of adult guinea pigs. Methods Rapid enzymatic isolation procedure was performed to get single ventricular myocytes from adult guinea pigs. After the whole cell configuration was formed, a ramp voltage-clamp pulse depolarized from a holding potential of -40 mV to +60 mV, then hyperpolarized to -120 mV at a rate of 90 mV/s to record the Na+/Ca 2+ exchange current (I Na/Ca) and the influence of dofetilide from 0.03～1.0 ?mol?L -1. Result Dofetilide from 0.03～1.0 ?mol?L -1 concentration-dependently increased the I Na/Ca in both outward and inward mode. The EC 50 of dofetilide on I Na/Ca in outward and inward mode of NCE was 0.178 ?mol?L -1 (95% confidence interval was 0.040～0.787 ?mol?L -1) and 0.178 ?mol?L -1 (95% confidence interval was 0.038～0.842 ?mol?L -1), respectively. Conclusion Dofetilide concentration-dependently increased the outward and inward Na+/Ca 2+ exchange current in ventricular myocytes of adult guinea pigs.

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical application of emergency extracorporeal circulation(ECC) in cardiac surgery. Methods: Emergency open heart surgery was performed in 24 ECC cases. Warm blood left heart bypass was performed in 3, hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass in 21. The vena cava-aorta extracorporeal circulation was built in 16,vena cava-femoral in 4, left atrium-femoral in 3 and femoro-femoral in 1. Retrograde or antegrade perfusion through aortic root were applied to protect the heart. Results: There were 2 hospital deaths, the hospital mortality rate was 8.3%. The cardiopulmonary bypass was established in 10 to 15 minutes with an average duration of cardiopulmonary bypass of 78～132 minutes. Twenty-two patients were discharged from the hospital and have resumed a normal and active life style. Conclusions: Emergency cardiopulmonary bypass support is a powerful resuscitative tool that may stabilize the condition of patients with cardiogenic shock and mutiorgan dysfunction to allow for definitive intervention. The femoro-femoral cannulation is the first choice for emergency. The time to establish extracorporeal circulation should be as short as possible.

Objective:To establish the specific chromatogram of Fufang Shexiang injection and simultaneously determine five com-ponents( menthol,borneol,patchouli alcohol,muscone,α-asarone) in the injection by GC. Methods:The sample solution was extracted by a solid-phase extraction method. The separation was performed on a DB-WAX GC capillary column with an FID detection. Results:The specific chromatogram had six common peaks, and the similarity was above 0. 91. The five chemical components(menthol,borne-ol,patchouli alcohol,muscone,α-asarone) were well separated and with good linear relationship, the recoveries were between 95. 1 and 102. 6%, and RSD was less than 3. 0%. Conclusion:The method is simple, accurate and reproducible. The specific chromatogram combined with multi-component determination can reflect the overall quality of Fufang Shexiang injection, which can be used for the quality control of the preparation.

Objective To investigate altered levels and clinical significance of serum miR-133a in patients with acute coronary syndrome ( ACS ) and stable coronary artery disease ( SCAD ) .Methods Retrospective study.Serum miR-133a levels were determined by TaqMan quantitative reverse-transcription PCR assay in 64 ACS, 62 SCAD patients who were admitted to Jinling Hospital from October 2011 to October 2012 and 70 normal controls who had contemporaneously visited Jinling Hospital for routine examination .The ACS and SCAD patients were diagnosed according to the European Society of Cardiology guidelines .Serum lipid/lipoprotein profiles , myonecrosis biomarkers and Gensini scores were also analyzed .The area under curve ( AUC) and 95%confidence interval ( CI) were calculated using ROC analyses .The odds ratio ( OR) and 95%CI were calculated using the multivariate logistic regression analyses .Results Compared with the controls [ΔCt:1.00 ±0.05], serum miR-133a levels were significantly increased in both ACS [ΔCt:2.34 ±0.24] (t=6.059, P<0.001) and SCAD [ΔCt:1.45 ±0.13] (t=3.265, P=0.001) patients.The miR-133a levels in ACS patients were significantly higher than in SCAD patients (t=3.133, P=0.002). Serum miR-133a were positively correlated with levels of creatine kinase MB ( CK-MB) ( r=0.402, P<0.001), cardiac troponin I (cTNI) (r=0.410, P=0.001) and Gensini scores (r=0.438, P<0.001). ROC curve analyses showed that the AUC of miR-133a for differentiating coronary artery disease (CAD) and controls was 0.717 (95%CI:0.645-0.788, P<0.001) and the AUC for differentiating ACS and SCAD was 0.667 (95% CI:0.573-0.761, P=0.001).Logistic regression analyses revealed that high miR-133a levels were closely associated with the presence of ACS ( OR=6.00, 95% CI:1.93 -18.67, P=0.002) and SCAD (OR=2.81, 95%CI:1.03-7.68, P=0.044), and also had statistical significance for differentiating ACS and SCAD (OR=2.13, 95% CI:1.20-3.78, P=0.010), after adjustment for the age, gender and serum lipid/lipoprotein levels.Conclusions Serum miR-133a levels were significantly elevated in CAD patients, and ACS patients exhibited the more significant increase .Serum miR-133a may be function as the potential biomarker for the disease assessment and judgement .

Aim To explore the potential mechanism of ulinastatin’s antioxidant effect by examining the Nrf2 /HO-1 pathway.Methods OVA-induced asthma of mice was cured by intraperitoneal injection of ulinas-tatin (1 00 kU·kg -1 ·d -1 ).Control mice were given the same volume of PBS (pH 7.4).To investigate the effect of ulinastatin on airway hyperresponsiveness, levels of interleukin IL-4,IFN-γand OVA specific IgE in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF)were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The content of ROS from BALF of mice was tested in double hydrogen rhodamine (DHR)-1 23 method.The level of protein carbonyl and MDA from lung tissue of mice was detected with Protein carbonyl content assay kit and MDA kit.And antioxidative enzyme in mice BALF was tested by antioxidant enzyme kit.The levels of HO-1 in lung tissue from mice were detected by Western blot and Real-time PCR.Nuclear transfer and binding activity of Nrf2 were tested respectively by Western blot,IF and EMSA.Results Ulinastatin could alleviate the airway hyperresponsiveness,dis-tinctly reduce the content of IL-4,OVA specific IgE, ROS,protein carbonyl and MDA,but upraise the ex-pression of IFN-γand antioxidative enzyme such as SOD,GSH and TAOC. Moreover, the antioxidant effect of ulinastatin could be reversed by Znpp,which was the inhibitor of HO-1 .Ulinastatin could obviously induce the expression of HO-1 in protein level in a dose-and time-dependent manner.Ulinastatin could also induce the nuclear transfer of Nrf2 and increase the binding activity of Nrf2 as well as the expression of HO-1 in gene level;Conclusion Ulinastatin could induce the activation of Nrf2 /HO-1 pathway,which may contribute to the protective effects of ulinastatin a-gainst OVA-induced oxidative stress.

Aim This study aimed at investigating the postconditioning protective effect of KB-R7943 and the proper administration time on cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury in isolated rat heart. Methods Rat heart was isolated quickly when the animal was anesthetized. With Langendorff perfusion, the left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated for 30 min, then released for 120 min in isolated rat heart. Left ventricular function (LVF) and the infarct size of left ventricle were determined. Result Compared with control, KB-R7943 at 1 ?mol?L-1 perfused during the early period of the reperfusion prevented the post-ischemic depression of LVF, decreased the infarct size by 77 %(P

Objective To develop a high performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC) for the analysis of of cholesterol in erythrocyte membranes.Methods The study included 167 consecutive chest pain patients who underwent coronary artery angiography in the Department of Cardiology,Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Command between September 2012 and February 2013.According to the clinical symptoms and t angiographic results,patients were divided into three groups:acute coronary syndrome (ACS) group (n =46),stable angina pectoris (SAP) group (n =76) and the control group (n =45).After the erythrocyte sample was hypotonically lysed and washed,saponification was carried out in a polassium hydroxide solution at 70 ℃.After extraction by Hexane/isopropanol mixture,the sample was separated on a Lichrospher column and detected by ultraviolet absorbance at 208 nm.A mobile phase composed of acetonitrile-isopropyl alcohol was found to be the most suitable for this separation.Concentrations of cholesterol in erythrocyte membranes were tested.Analysis of variance with covariates (ANOVA) was used to evaluate differences in CEM levels among groups.The relationship between continuous variables was evaluated by Spearman's correlation coefficient.Results Under the chromatographic conditions described,retention time of the cholesterol was approximately 6.1 min.Good separation and detectability of cholesterol in erythrocyte membranes were obtained.The method proved to be linear in the injection range of cholesterol from 0.05 g to 2.00 g.Cholesterol content in erythrocyte membranes were (87.0 μg/mg,75.4-98.9 μg/mg),(92.9 μg/mg,83.8-109.0 μg/mg) and (173.9 μg/mg,140.0-188.8 μ g/mg) in the control,SAP and ACS groups,respectively.Cholesterol content in erythrocyte membranes was significantly higher in ACS group than that in SAP and control groups (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion We have successfully developed a method for the determination of cholesterol in erythrocyte membranes with good sensitivity,specificity and repeatability.

Objective To determine the serum levels of miR-16,miR-126 and miR-221 in type 2 diabetes (T2DM)patients with or without microvascular complications,and further evaluate their clinical significance.Methods The serum levels of miR-16,miR-126 and miR-221were examined in 55 T2DM patients,55 T2DM patients with microvascular complications and 5 5 healthy controls using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).The levels of fasting blood glucose,triglycerides,choles-terol,high density lipoprotein,low density lipoprotein and others biochemical parameters were determined by biochemical an-alyzer,and the diagnostic usefulness of the three miRNAs for T2DM patients and patients with microvascular complications were assessed by ROC curve analysis and logistic regression analysis.Results Compared with healthy controls [miR-1 6 (14.35±1.00)×10-5 ,miR-126(11.75±1.47)×10-5 and miR-221(32.26±3.98)×10-5 ],the miR-16,miR-126 and miR-221 expression were significantly increased in T2DM patients [miR-16(23.74±2.70)×10-5,miR-126(25.01±4.13)× 10-5 and miR-221(84.76±11.79)×10-5 ]and T2DM patients with microvascular complications [miR-16(43.74±9.61)× 10-5 ,miR-126(17.66±2.20)×10-5 and miR-221(82.52±12.48)×10-5 ].The area under ROC curve (AUCROC)of miR-16,miR-126 and miR-221 for T2DM patients were 0.63 (95%CI 0.53~0.74),0.64 (95%CI 0.54~0.74)and 0.74 (95%CI 0.65~0.83),respectively.For T2DM patients with microvascular complications,the area under ROC curve were 0.75 (95%CI 0.66~0.84),0.62 (95%CI 0.52~0.73)and 0.73 (95%CI 0.64~0.83),respectively.Furthermore,logistic re-gression revealed that the three miRNAs were novel independent risk factors for T2DM and T2DMC.Conclusion The levels of miR-16,miR-126 and miR-221 were significantly increased in the serum of T2DM patients with or without microvascular complications,and can be used as potential non-invasive biomarkers and risk factors for T2DM patients and T2DM patients with microvascular complications.