OBJECTIVE: To investigate the tagging condition in medication of special population in package inserts in order to give reference for rational drug use of special population. METHODS: 389 pieces of common Chinese and western medicine package inserts of our inpatient and out-patient dispensaries were randomly collected and analyzed statistically in terms of the content of package inserts for special population, including pregnant and lactant women, children and the aged. RESULTS: A part of medication items of special population in package inserts had deficiency. According to the classification of dosage form, the tagging rate of injection exceeded other dosage forms reached to more than 90%, except of medication items for children. The tagging rate of oral formulation arrived at more than 90% only in terms of contraindications and cautions. According to the classification of manufacturer, the tagging rate of domestic drugs was kept at the low level while that of imported drugs exceeded 90%. CONCLUSIONS: Package inserts need to be improved with the effort of drug supervision management department, drug production department and population of using drugs to guarantee the safety of drug use in special population.

Objective To investigate the relationship between plasma D-lactate levels and prognosis in newborns with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).Methods One hundred and four premature infants with NEC (stase Ⅱ and Ⅲ ) and another 104 premature infants without NEC admitted into Quanzhou Children's Hospital for other diseases from January 2007 to October 2010 were selected into this case control study.The gestational age,gender and birth weight of patients in the two groups were matched.NEC patients' bloods were collected within 24 hours after NEC was confirmed and blood samples of the control group were collected at the corresponding age.Enzymelinked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the plasma D-lactate level.Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to confirm the criteria of D-lactate positive,according to which,the NEC group was divided into high D-lactate group and normal D-lactate group,and the mortality and complication rate of the two groups were compared with x2 test.And NEC group was subdivided into death group and survive group according to the prognosis of the patients,and the difference of D-lactate level between the two groups were compared with t test.Results Among the NEC group,there were 63 cases (60.6％) of stage Ⅱ and 41 (39.4％) cases of stage Ⅲ ; 88 (84.6％) survived infants and 16 (15.4％) dead infants.D-lactate level was (35.4 ± 29.1) μg /ml in stage Ⅲ NEC group,(29.5±16.2) μg/ml in stage Ⅱ NEC group and (3.7±18.4) μg/ml in control group; there were statistical differences between each other(F=5.97,P＜0.05).Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that if 6 μg/ml was set as the borderline,there were 87 cases(83.7％,87/104) with high D-lactate patients in NEC group,whose neonatal critical illness scoring (NCIS) was 80.9±22.6,significantly lower than that of normal D-lactate patients ( 95.8 ± 20.5) (t =2.417,P＜ 0.05),and higher neonatal septicemia rate (48.3％,42/87) and mortality (27.6％,24/87) compared with those [(5.9％,1/17) and (5.9％,1/17)] of normal D-lactate patients(x2 =11.539 and 7.146,P＜0.05,respectively).In NEC group,compared with the survived infants,the D-lactate level [(43.2±13.5) μg/ml vs (21.9 ± 22.9) μg/ml,t =4.572,P＜0.05] and the rate of septicemia [68.8％ (11/16) vs 38.6％ (34/88),x2 =3.445,P＜0.05] were higher in dead patients,and NCIS (82.4± 29.1 vs 90.6 ± 21.3,t =2.409,P＜0.05) was lower.Conctusions The level of plasma D-lactate related to the prognosis of neonatal NEC and which might be a good indicator for its prognosis and severity.

At first this paper discusses the concept,the types,the main expressions,and the explanations of deviant behaviors online. On the basis of above-mentioned discussions,the authors then open up prospects for research and suggest that the concept and the research method,the factors,the influences,the prevention,and intervention strategies of the deviant behaviors online and the relationship between deviant behaviors online and offline are important topics to be explored in the future.

AIM: To investigate whether the bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotide increases the sensitivity of HL60 and K562 cell lines to daunorubicin. METHODS: IC50 for HL60 and K562 was determined with MTT method, the expression levels of Bcl-2 protein were assayed by immunofluorescence using fluoresce isothiocyanate labeling. In addition, apoptosis was detected by morphological observation and flow cytometric analysis of DNA fragmentation. RESULTS: It was found that the two oligonucleotides directed against the coding region and the translation initiation of bcl-2 mRNA, combined respectively with daunorubicin, inhibited expression of bcl-2 protein, increased apoptosis in HL60 and K562 cells, and decreased IC50 of daunorubicin significantly ( P

Objective To investigate the clinical value of the variety of serum levels of soL-CXCL16 and NT-proBNP peripercutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods A total of 77 cases received PCI were selected to research group.And the contemporaneous 30 healthy persons were chosen to control group.The serum levels of soL-CXCL16,NT-proBNP and cTnT were detected by ELISA.The relationships of soL-CXCL16 and NT-proBNP to cTnT were detected by Pearson linear correlation analysis.Results Compared to pre-PCI,the serum levels of CXCL16 were rising to the peak point at 0.5 h post-PCI,and were decreasing from 2.0 h post-PCI,then the serum levels of CXCL16 were declining to the levels of pre-PCI at 24.0 h post-PCI (P＜0.05).And the serum levels of NT-proBNP were rising from 0.5 h post-PCI,and the peak point was at 24.0 h post-PCI (P＜0.05).The postive relationships of the serum levels of CXCL16 and NT-proBNP to the serum levels of cTnT were confirmed by Pearson linear correlation analysis(P＜0.01).Conclusion Monitoring of soL-CXCL16 and NT-proBNP for patients with percutaneous coronary stenting could provide foundation for prognosis evaluation of PCI.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the practice of monitoring on adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in secondary or inferior to secondary medical institutions.METHODS:The problems in the practice of ADR monitoring in secondary or inferior to secondary medical institutions were analyzed and the approaches to strengthen the ADR monitoring was discussed taking our hospital as an example.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The problems in the practice of ADR monitoring in secondary or inferior to secondary medical institutions manifested as low general technical level,lacking of advanced information network,hospital leaders' negligence,medical staff's poor consciousness,pharmacy departments' failure in bringing their role into full play,etc.Therefore,it is urgent to attach great importance to the problems to facilitate the development of ADR monitoring by enlarging publicizing,raising awareness;improving the organizational structure and the related working rules,bringing clinical pharmacists and nursing staff's roles into full play and establishing the reward and punishment mechanism,etc.

Objective To investigate the effect of pregnancy on the potency of bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia in rats. Methods Female non-pregnant SD rats weighing 180-220 g and 17 day pregnant SD rats weighing 350-400 g were used in this study. The rats ( 18 non-pregnant, 18 pregnant) in which PE-10 catheter were successfully placed without complications were selected. The 18 non-pregnant rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =6 each): control group (group C), 2% bupivacaine group (group B2 ) and 4% bupivacaine group (group B4). The 18 pregnant rats were also randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 6 each): control group (group PC),2% bupivacaine group (group PB2 ) and 4% bupivacaine group (group PB4 ). Group C and PC received intrathecal (IT) normal saline 30 μl, and the other 4 groups received 2% or 4% bupivacaine 30 μl intrathecally. Analgesia was determined using the taifllick latency (TFL) before IT administration (baseline), and at 10 min, 20 min,30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d and 4 d after IT administtation. The percentage of the maximal possible effect (MPE) was calculated. Hind-limb motor function (MF) was also assessed. Results Compared with the baseline value, MPE at 10 min-2 h after administration and MF scores at 10 min-1 h after administration were significantly increased in group B2, MPE at 10 min-4 h after administration and MF scores at 10 min-1 h after administration were significantly increased in group B4;MPE at 10 min-1 d after administration and MF scores at 10 min2 h were significantly increased in group PB2 and MPE at 10 min-1 d after administration and MF scores at 10 min4 h were significantly increased in group PB4 ( P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusion Pregnancy can enhance the potency of bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia in rats.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of precise percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of semilunar ganglion through fo -ramen ovale under the three-dimensional CT for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia .Methods A total of 80 patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia in our hospital from August 2013 to December 2015 were selected,and they were randomly divided into two groups with 40 cases in each group .The control group was implemented blind detective radiofrequency ablation ,while the observation group was carried out under the three-dimensional CT positioning radiofrequency ablation .All the patients were followed up for 3 months after treatment .Compared the overall clinical results , and recorded the time of targeting the trigeminal nerve and the complications within 1 week after treatment between the two groups.The pain condition at different time points (before treatment,1 week and 3 months after treatment) between the two groups were com-pared.Results The positioning time of observation group was shorter than that of the control group ,the difference was significant (P<0.05). The VAS score of the observation group 1 week and 3 months after surgery was lower than the control group ,the difference was significant (P<0.05).The ratio of masticatory muscle weakness ,hypoacusis,facial swelling and congestion and corneal anesthesia of the observation group within 1 week postoperatively were lower than those of the control group ,the difference was significant (P<0.05).The effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group ,the difference was significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Percutaneous radiofre-quency ablation of semilunar ganglion through foramen ovale under the three -dimensional CT for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia has the advantages of more accurate positioning of the foramen ovale ,shorter operation time , and less complications ,which can relieve the pain of pa-tients and improve the overall clinical effect .

Aim To explore the potential mechanism of ulinastatin’s antioxidant effect by examining the Nrf2 /HO-1 pathway.Methods OVA-induced asthma of mice was cured by intraperitoneal injection of ulinas-tatin (1 00 kU·kg -1 ·d -1 ).Control mice were given the same volume of PBS (pH 7.4).To investigate the effect of ulinastatin on airway hyperresponsiveness, levels of interleukin IL-4,IFN-γand OVA specific IgE in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF)were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The content of ROS from BALF of mice was tested in double hydrogen rhodamine (DHR)-1 23 method.The level of protein carbonyl and MDA from lung tissue of mice was detected with Protein carbonyl content assay kit and MDA kit.And antioxidative enzyme in mice BALF was tested by antioxidant enzyme kit.The levels of HO-1 in lung tissue from mice were detected by Western blot and Real-time PCR.Nuclear transfer and binding activity of Nrf2 were tested respectively by Western blot,IF and EMSA.Results Ulinastatin could alleviate the airway hyperresponsiveness,dis-tinctly reduce the content of IL-4,OVA specific IgE, ROS,protein carbonyl and MDA,but upraise the ex-pression of IFN-γand antioxidative enzyme such as SOD,GSH and TAOC. Moreover, the antioxidant effect of ulinastatin could be reversed by Znpp,which was the inhibitor of HO-1 .Ulinastatin could obviously induce the expression of HO-1 in protein level in a dose-and time-dependent manner.Ulinastatin could also induce the nuclear transfer of Nrf2 and increase the binding activity of Nrf2 as well as the expression of HO-1 in gene level;Conclusion Ulinastatin could induce the activation of Nrf2 /HO-1 pathway,which may contribute to the protective effects of ulinastatin a-gainst OVA-induced oxidative stress.

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can be induced to differentiate into neuron-like cells in new environment after transplantation, and then to replace damaged cells for reconstructing neural circuit. OBJECTIVE: To establish the co-culture system between rat BMSCs and neural cells in vitro, and to study the influence of neural cells on the differentiation of BMSCs into neuron-like cells in the co-culture system. METHODS: The neural cells obtained from Wistar rat fetal brain tissue and BMSCs gained from rat thighbone were co-cultured in Transwell culture plate. The morphological changes of BMSCs were observed and the special markers of neural cells in BMSCs were examined by immunofluorescence on the fifth day of the co-culture. The results were compared with control group which where BMSCs were alone cultured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: BMSCs in the neural cells co-culture system extended, were radial, connected each other. Neuron specific enolase immunoreactions showed positive results, showing neuron-like cells. The positive ratio of neuron specific enolase-positive cells was (33.0±10.5)%. However, BMSCs in the control group did not express neuron morphological character. Immunofluorescence exhibited that cells were negative for neuron specific enolase. These indicate that microenvironment provided by neurons improves the differentiation of BMSCs into neuron-like cells.