OBJECTIVE: To provide references for the improvement of drug safety of emergent public health events.METHODS: The characteristics of drug demands in emergent public health events were analyzed to guarantee the characteristics of drug safety so as to explore effective safeguard strategy.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: Special system and countermeasure are required to guarantee drug safety of emergent public health events.The strategy includes three aspects,i.e.adequate plan in advance,rapid response and timely consummation after the event.

Objective To study the role of autophagy in the replication process of Toxoplasma proliferation. Meth-ods As the experimental groups, these cells were infected by Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites at given MOI (2 ∶ 1, 4 ∶ 1 ,8 ∶ 1 ,16 ∶ 1 ) . Host cell autophagy was detected through acridine orange staining and MDC fluorescence stai-ning at different time points (1, 2, 4, 8, 24, 48, 96 hs post infection). Detect the condition of HEF cells autoph-agy with acridine orange fluorescence staining and MDC fluorescence staining, and detect the replication kinetics of Toxoplasma gondii infection at different time points using Giemsa staining. Results The results of acridine orange and MDC fluorescence staining showed that autophagy inhibitors and inducers could inhibit and promote the autoph-agy of HEF cells respectively. From the results of Giemsa staining, it was found that the proliferation of Toxoplasma gondii in HEF cells could be promoted with autophagy inducers and be inhibited with autophagy inhibitors. Conclu-sion The regulation on autophagy of host cell could regulate the proliferation and replication of Toxoplasma gondii.

The deficiency theories of dyslexia are quite contradictory and the cross-cultural studies in recent years mainly focused on whether the dyslexics among cultures shared the same cognitive profile or just based on the language. This study used Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) imaging to measure the regional cerebral blood volume (BV) and the changes of cerebral activation in the left prefrontal cortex of 12 Chinese dyslexic children and their 12 age-matched normal controls during the Paced Visual Serial Addition Test (PVSAT). Results showed that the scores of PVSAT of dyslexic children were significantly lower than those of the normal children (t=3.33, P<0.01). The activations of the left prefrontal cortex in the normal group were significantly greater than those of dyslexic children (all P<0.01). Our results indicated that Chinese dyslexia had a general deficiency in working memory and this may be caused by the abnormal metabolic activity of brain blood volume in the left prefrontal cortex and the deficits in brain function might be the basis of neuropathology of Chinese dyslexia. Present study supports the difference on brain activation of dyslexics from different languages may be caused by the same cognitive system related to reading.

Objective To explore the different methods of decoloration for immunohistochemical HE slides,and their influence on tissue antigen expression.Methods Antigen retrieval solution (EDTA or citric acid solution) was used in immunohistochemistry to decolor HE slides,and was compared with the method of hydrochloric acid solution decoloration in normal temperature.Results Antigen heat retrieval decolors completely.Compared with other methods,it has shorter decoloration time (1 ～ 2min),more than 90％ of completely decoloration rate,the difference was significant(x2 =27.6,23.9,all P ＜ 0.01).Meanwhile,the method dose not damage slides,and the immunohistoehemical results are exact,without background coloring and unusual coloring,antigen expression rate and intensity are high.Conclusion Antigen heat retrieval decoloration not only simplifies the coloration process,but also protects tissue antigen activity better.It is the preferable method of decoloration and protecting antigen resource,which possesses some practical value in the pathology diagnosis.

Objective To understand the undergraduate nursing students’ awareness of the basic situation of occupational exposure in Kunming Medical University, and to understand their knowing status of occupational exposure knowledge. Methods We used self- designed questionnaire to investigate 449 undergraduate nursing students in Kunming Medical University to obtain the status of occupational exposure and protection knowledge level of students.Results (1) 449 students were investigated, and 258 of them had been in clinical practice, and occupational exposure occurred in 48.8% of them. (2) Occupational exposure factors included grade, washing hands and wearing gloves;The results showed that:Grade was a risk factor and wearing glove and washing hands were protective factors. (3) There was relevance between accepting the occupational protection education and the occupational exposure. Conclusions A useful measure to reduce the occurrence of occupational exposure is Pre-service training for undergraduates nursing students. Operation should be in strict accordance with operating specifications. Schools and departments should implement occupational protection system, so as to strengthen the related knowledge vocational education,enhance self-protection awarenes,and reduce or minimize the occurrence of occupational exposure.

Objective:To observe the influence of long-term exercise training on carotid intima-media thickness (IMT)in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension.Methods:A total of 92 patients with mild-to-moderate es-sential hypertension (EH)were randomly and equally divided into exercise group and routine treatment group.Exer-cise group received exercise training based on routine treatment.All patients were followed up one year.Influence of long-term exercise training on carotid artery diameter and carotid IMT was observed in EH patients.Results:Af-ter one year,there were significant reductions in systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP),ca-rotid artery diameter and carotid IMT in both groups,P<0.05 all;compared with routine treatment group,there were significant reductions in SBP [(145.72±11.31)mmHg vs.(130.89±13.01)mmHg],DBP [(88.49±7.32) mmHg vs.(81.71±8.45)mmHg],carotid artery diameter [(6.34±1.23)mm vs.(6.22±1.01)mm]and carotid IMT [(0.89±0.21)mm vs.(0.84±0.11)mm]in exercise group after treatment,P<0.05 all.Conclusion:Long-term exercise training can effectively reverse early arteriosclerosis lesion of carotid wall and effectively control blood pressure.

Objective To investigate changes ane clinical significance of renal pathomorphology ane transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1 ),connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)of rats with eifferent stages of eiabetes mellitus(DM). Methods Thirty-six SD rats were raneomly eivieee into control ane DM group. Rats in DM group were given streptozotocin(STZ)at a eose of 65 mg/ kg boey weight ane rats in control group were given same amount citric acie/ soeium citrate buffer solution. Rats were killee at 4th,12th ane 24th weeks after DM moeels establishment. The renal hyeroxyproline concentration(HPC)was measuree. Masson′s trichrome was performee to observe perivascular collagen area(PVCA). Glomerular collagen eeposition score(GCDS),tubular interstitial eisease score(TIDS)in kieney interstitial tissue were measuree. Immunohistochemical staining were usee to measure the expression of type Ⅰ ane Ⅲ collagen,TGF-β1 ,CTGF. Renal path morphology change were observee with light microscope ane transmission electron microscope. Results (1)HPC levels of rats in DM group at 4th,12th,24th weeks were(216. 50 ± 10. 05)μg/ g,(267. 67 ± 11. 29)μg/ g,(340. 67 ± 39. 22)μg/ g,higher than that of control group((123. 00 ± 6. 00)μg/ g,(158. 50 ± 8. 89)μg/ g,(201. 00 ± 7. 69)μg/ g). The PVCA score in DM group were higher than that of control group( 4 weeks:(0. 45 ± 0. 07)vs (0. 96 ± 0. 11);12 weeks:(0. 60 ± 0. 06)vs(1. 65 ± 0. 18);24 weeks:(0. 72 ± 0. 07)vs(2. 63 ± 0. 0. 40);P< 0. 05). Meanwhile the scores of GCDS ane TILS in DM group)at 4th,12th,24th weeks increasee comparee with control group(4 weeks:((0. 34 ± 0. 03)vs(0. 14 ± 0. 01))× 103 / μm2 );12 weeks:((0. 49 ± 0. 03)vs (0. 26 ± 0. 04))× 103 / μm2;24 weeks:((0. 62 ± 0. 06)vs(0. 33 ± 0. 03))× 103 / μm2 )). The expression of CollagenⅠane Collagen Ⅲ in DM group were higher than that of control at 4,12,24 weeks after DM moeel establishment(Collagen Ⅰ:4 weeks:((4. 56 ± 0. 75)vs(1. 34 ± 0. 34))× 103 / μm2;12 weeks:((6. 07 ± 0. 74)vs(2. 17 ± 0. 12))× 103 / μm2;24 weeks:((7. 22 ± 0. 19)vs(3. 00 ± 0. 33))× 103 / μm2;CollagenⅢ:4 weeks:((3. 44 ± 1. 41)vs(1. 58 ± 0. 24))× 103 / μm2;12 weeks:((5. 60 ± 1. 34)vs(2. 95 ± 0. 41)) × 103 / μm2;24 weeks:((6. 22 ± 0. 18)vs(3. 27 ± 0. 27))× 103 / μm2 )),ane the eifferences between the groups all significant(P < 0. 05). Diffuse thickening of glomerular capillary basement membrane ane interstitial collagen hyperplasia in eiabetic rats were observee by electron microscope.(2)TGF-β1 expression in DM group were(2. 16 ± 0. 50)× 103 / μm2 ,(5. 31 ± 0. 25)× 103 / μm2 ,(6. 44 ± 0. 74)× 103 / μm2 respectively at 4th, 12th,24th weeks after DM moeel establishment,higher than that of control group((1. 18 ± 0. 15)× 103 / μm2 , (2. 99 ± 0. 25)× 103 / μm2 ,(3. 28 ± 0. 66)× 103 / μm2 )ane the eifferences were significant(P < 0. 05). The same trene was also seen in terms of CTGF expression((6. 02 ± 1. 39)vs(2. 32 ± 0. 87))× 103 / μm2 ,((6. 51 ± 0. 51)vs(3. 96 ± 0. 92))× 103 / μm2 ,((7. 89 ± 1. 46)vs(4. 58 ± 1. 02))× 103 / μm2;P < 0. 05) Conclusion Early eiabetic rats show renal fibrosis ane it may be relatee with overexpression of CTGF ane TGF-β1.

AIM: To observe the effects and safety of clopidogrel used in percutanous coronary intervention (PCI) while acute occlusions of coronary arteries happened. METHODS: 92 patients with acute occlusions of coronary arteries were treated through PCI and they were randomized equally into following groups: clopidogrel group (CPG group) and ticlopidine group (TCP group). Each patient was treated with clopidogrel 25 mg bid or ticlopidine 250 mg bid for 4 weeks after PCI. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, there was not significantly difference in platelet aggregation ( 45.36 ? 2.98 vs 51.60 ? 2.56 ) and clinical effects ( 97.95 % vs 93.02 %) after 3 weeks. The proportion of patients with adverse events who had to release the treatment was 2.04 % (CPG group) and 16.27 % (TCP group). CONCLUSION: The clinical effect of clopidogrel is similar to ticlopidine and shows less adverse events.

Objective To investigate the correlation between auditory steady-state response (ASSR)and behavioral audiometry threshold in deaf children.Methods A total of 63 cases (126 ears)of severely and profoundly hearing impaired children from 0.5 years to 6 years were divided to Group A of 0.5~1.0 years,Group B of 1.1~3.0 years and Group C of 3.1~6.0 years old.ASSR and behavioral hearing tests were conducted in the sound field. 0.5~1.0 years old children were tested with the behavior observation Audiometry (BOA),1~2 years old children with visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA),while those of 3 ~6 with play audiometry (PA).Results For the ASSR response thresholds and pure tone hearing thresholds at 0.5,1,2 and 4 kHz,the correlation coefficients were 0.75,0.76,0.76,and 0.83,respectively.There was a significant correlation (P <0.01 ).The hearing thresholds were generally lower than the ASSR response thresholds,and with increasing frequency,the gaps were narrowed between the two.For Group A at each frequency the response thresholds and behavioral audiometry correlations were lower than those of Group B and C with the lowest at 0.5 kHz.Conclusion For the children of 0.5~6 years, ASSR and behavioral audiometric thresholds have good correlations.ASSR can provide information about the behav-ior thresholds for young children and those high risk children and for fitting hearing aids.

0.05).Serum absorbance value of progesterone injected virgin mice(0.299) was significantly higher than that of no-injectedvirgin mice(0.191)(t=2.955,P0.05).Conclusion Pregnancy has a synergetic effect on immune response of mice against T.spiralis infection,which may be related with the increased level of serum anti-Trichinella antibody and enhanced ability of sera in mediating the death of pre-encapsulated larvae in ADCC.