Purpose To investigate the influence of single slow intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine (Dex) on femoral artery color Doppler hemodynamics during the induction of general anesthesia. Materials and Methods Forty patients of elective abdominal surgery under general anesthesia were elected and randomly divided into Dex group and the control group, with 20 cases in each group. Dex (0.2 μg/kg) 20 ml was injected with intravenous infusion in Dex group, and 20 ml saline was infused in control group, the infusion time was 10 min;then intravenous injection of Sufentanil, Propofol and Rocuronium were performed in turn for the induction of general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation. Femoral artery peak systolic velocity (Vs), early diastolic reverse peak velocity (Vd), systolic diameter (Ds), diastolic diameter (Dd), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) changes at each time point were observed and recorded. Results ① Compared with baseline, Vs increased and Vd decreased (P<0.05) 10 min after the infusion of Dex in Dex group;after induction, Vs and Vd in both of the two groups decreased, and the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05);Vs reduced significantly in both of the two groups at the intubation moment and 1, 3, 5 min after intubation, but the Dex group changed more smoothly (P<0.05), and Vd raised in both groups with the Dex group changing more smoothly (P>0.05);Ds and Dd of both groups did not change significantly at each time point (P>0.05). ② Compared with baseline, MAP and HR decreased (P<0.05) after the infusion of Dex in Dex group;after induction, MAP and HR of both groups decreased, and the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05); MAP and HR increased in both groups at intubation moment, but the Dex group changed more smoothly than the control group (P<0.05).③SBP, DBP and HR were negatively correlated with Vs (r=-0.507,-0.619,-0.750, P<0.05) in both groups; SBP, DBP and HR were positively correlated with Vd (r=0.821, 0.881, 0.883, P<0.05) in both groups;there was no significant correlation (r=0.419, P>0.05) between Vs and Vd. Conclusion Single slow intravenous infusion of Dex (0.2μg/kg) can accelerate the femoral artery Vs and slow down the Vd, resulting in more stable hemodynamics during the induction of general anesthesia.

0.05).But for the patients with wide-base vocal cord polyps,the effective rate of self-retaining laryngoscope group was higher than that of electronic laryngoscope(P

OBJECTIVE:To prepare Xiaocuo emulsion and to study its stability.METHODS:The formula and techniques were optimized with metronidazuo,cimetidine,chloramphenicol and salicylic acid as the chief ingredients,and with the uniformity of emulsion as the indicator.The stability test was performed using storage test and accelerated centrifugal test.RESULTS:The optimized formula was the following,5ml azone,4ml tween-80,1g metronidazole,2g cimetidine,2g chloramphenicol,1g salicylic acid and 100ml deionized water.CONCLUSION:The preparation is reasonable in formula,simple in preparative techniques,stable in quality and feasible in production.

Objective To investigate the changes in plasma concentrations of IL-6 and IL-10, pHi and the difference between tissue and arterial PCO2 [(P(t-a)CO2 ] during pulmonary surgery and the effects of thoracic epidural anesthesia on cytokine production and gut mucosal perfusion. Methods Twenty ASA class Ⅰ - Ⅱ patients undergoing elective pulmonary surgery, were randomly assigned to be operated upon under general anesthesia (group GA , n = 10) or under general anesthesia combined with thoracic epidural anesthesia (group GEA, n - 10) . Premedication in both groups consisted of pethidine 50mg and scopolamine 0.3 mg im 30 min prior to surgery and oral ranitidine 150 mg the night and 1 h before operation. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 2 ug?kg-1 , droperidol 1 mg, propofol 1.5-2.5 mg?kg-1 and succinylcholine 1-2 mg?kg-1 and maintained with inhalation of 1%-2.5% isoflurane and 50% N2O in oxygen and intermittent iv boluses of fentanyl and vecuronium. In GEA group epidural catheter was inserted through the needl placed at T7-8 or T8-9 and advanced cephalad for 2.5-3.0 cm. A loading dose of morphine 2 mg was given followed by epidural infusion of 0.4% ropivacaine at a rate of 6 ml?h-1 during maintenance of anesthesia and the concentration of isoflurance inhaled was reduced to 0.6%-1. 5% . Postoperative analgesia was provided by epidural infusion of 0.25% ropivacaine at 6-8 ml/2h until the morning of the 3rd postoperative day. Blood samples were taken before induction, at incision and 2 h, 4 h and 6 h after the incision and on the 1st and the morning of the 3rd postoperative day for determination of IL-6 ( by radioimmunoassay) and IL-10 (ELISA) . P(t-a)CO2 and pHi were assessed by tonometry before induction, at incision and 1 h, 2 h, 4 h and 6 h after the incision. Results (1) IL-6 and IL-10 increased significantly during operation as compared with the baseline value before induction in both groups and there was no significant difference between the two groups. (2) pHi decreased significantly during operation in both groups and there was no significant difference between the two groups. pHi was negatively correlated with IL-6. (3) P(t-a)CO2 increased significantly during operation in both groups and was negatively correlated with pHi. P(t-a)CO2 was significantly higher in GA group than that in GEA group at 4h after skin incision. Conclusion Pulmonary surgery elicits both pro- and and-inflammatory cytokine response which is not affected by thoracic epidural analgesia. Thoracic surgery leads to gut mucosal hypoperfusion of which P(t-a)CO2 is an indicator. Thoracic epidural anesthesia can improve gut mucosal perfusion. There may be some correlation between cytokine production and gut mucosal hypoperfusion.

Objective:To explore the influence of Xiaokehuayu Pills on blood glucose,superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity and malonaldehyde(MDA) of diabetic complicating hyperlipemia rats.Methods:Diabetes rat model was established by injection of alloxan with high fat diet.After the model formed,60 rats were been divided into 6 groups:normal control group,model group,high/middle/low dose groups of Xiaokehuayu Pills and Yuquan Pills group.The blood glucose and SOD activity and MDA content was measured before and after 6 weeks treatment.Results:The blood glucose in model group was signif icantly higher than that in normal control group(P

Objective To understand the undergraduate nursing students’ awareness of the basic situation of occupational exposure in Kunming Medical University, and to understand their knowing status of occupational exposure knowledge. Methods We used self- designed questionnaire to investigate 449 undergraduate nursing students in Kunming Medical University to obtain the status of occupational exposure and protection knowledge level of students.Results (1) 449 students were investigated, and 258 of them had been in clinical practice, and occupational exposure occurred in 48.8% of them. (2) Occupational exposure factors included grade, washing hands and wearing gloves;The results showed that:Grade was a risk factor and wearing glove and washing hands were protective factors. (3) There was relevance between accepting the occupational protection education and the occupational exposure. Conclusions A useful measure to reduce the occurrence of occupational exposure is Pre-service training for undergraduates nursing students. Operation should be in strict accordance with operating specifications. Schools and departments should implement occupational protection system, so as to strengthen the related knowledge vocational education,enhance self-protection awarenes,and reduce or minimize the occurrence of occupational exposure.

Objective To evaluate the effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) on the level of angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and tyrosine kinase receptor-2 (Tie-2) during endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in rats.Methods Forty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-220 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups using a random number table (n =10 each):control group (group C),ALI group,low-dose PHC group (group L-PHC) and high-dose PHC group (group H-PHC).ALI was induced with iv injection of lipopolysaccharide 5.0 mg/kg via the tail vein.In L-PHC and H-PHC groups,PHC 0.6 and 2 mg/kg were injected,respectively,via the tail vein at 1 and 24 h after lipopolysaccharide injection.The rats were sacrificed at 48 h after the initial injection of PHC to measure the lung water content,protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF),and the expression of Ang-1,Tie-2 and phosphorylated Tie-2 in lung tissues.The morphological changes of lung tissues were observed under light microscope and the ultrastructural changes of alveolar epithelial barrier under transmission electron microscope.Results Compared with group C,the lung water content and protein concentrations in BALF were significantly increased,and the expression of Ang-1 and phosphorylated Tie-2 was down-regulated in the other three groups (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group ALI,the lung water content and protein concentrations in BALF were significantly decreased,and the expression of Ang-1 and phosphorylated Tie-2 was up-regulated in H-PHC group (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant changes were found in the parameters mentioned above in group L-PHC (P ＞0.05).The damage to lung tissues was significantly reduced in group H-PHC as compared with group ALI.Conclusion PHC can improve the permeability of pulmonary microvascular and reduce injury to alveolar epithelial barrier,thus ameliorating endotoxin-induced ALI in rats,and the effect is dose-related and up-regulation of Ang-1 expression and inhancement of Tie-2 activity are involved in the mechanism.

Objective To explore the effect of ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion block (SGB) in the incidence of postoperative headache, nausea and vomiting in conventional thyroidectomy. Methods Ninety patients undergoing conventional thyroidectomy were randomly allocated to three groups with 30 patients in each group. In group L, SGB was performed with 5 ml 0.5% lidocaine; in group N, SGB was performed with 5 ml 0.9% sodium chloride; and in group C, no prior block was performed. Postoperatively, during the 48 h after surgery, every episode of postoperative headache and postoperative nausea and vomiting was recorded and a safety assessment was performed. In group L and group N, the hemodynamic status of the vertebral artery and carotid artery was recorded before and after the SGB was performed. In group C, the hemodynamic status of the vertebral artery and carotid artery was recorded before and after the neck was in the full extension position. Results One patient of group N and one patient of group C was discharged. During the 48 h after surgery, headache occured in 5 patients (16.7%) of group L, 8 patients (27.6%) of group N, and 17 patients (58.6%) of group C, and the headache rate in group C was significantly higher than that in group L (P=0.0007). The headache mostly occurred at 2 h and 4 h after operation. During the 48 h after surgery, nausea and vomiting occured in 8 patients (26.7%) of group L, 11 patients (37.9%) of group N, and 20 patients (60.9%) of group C, and the nausea and vomiting rate in group C was significantly higher than that in group L (P=0.0017) and group N (P=0.0343). The nausea and vomiting mostly occurred at 2 h and 4 h after operation.In group L and group N, and the inner diameters of the vertebral and carotid arteries after SGB were wider than those before SGB (P<0.05). In group C, the inner diameters of the vertebral and carotid arteries after the neck extension position were narrower than prostration position (P<0.05). No side effects were observed during or after SGB. Conclusions Preoperative SGB performed with 5 ml 0.5%lidocaine is an effective technique for reducing postoperative headache and nausea and vomiting after thyroidectomy.

Objective To observe the feasibility of combining dezocine with fentanyl in the application of single integral high in‐tensity focused ultrasound(HIFU)ablation of uterine fibroids .Methods One hundred and sixty patients with uterine fibroids trea‐ted by HIFU under conscious sedation were randomly divided into 2 groups(n=80):group A with treatment combined fentanyl and midazolam and group B treated with combined dezocine ,fentanyl and midazolam .Analgesic effect was evaluated with visual analog scale (VAS) .Variation of patients′vital signs (blood pressure ,heart rate ,electrocardiogram ,oxygen saturation) ,pain scores ,com‐fort scores ,sedation scores ,analgesic consumption and side effects were recorded before treatment (T0 ) ,during drug delivery (T1 ) , at the beginning of the treatment(T2 ) ,30 minutes after drug delivery (T3 ) ,at the end of the treatment(T4 ) ,2 hours after treatment (T5 ) ,4 hours after treatment (T6 ) ,8 hours after treatment (T7 )and 24 hours after treatment(T8 ) .Results Both groups showed reliable analgesic effects and vital signs of each time point were stable .VAS scores and Ramsay scores of group A were higher than those of group B ,but there was no statistical difference (P>0 .05) .Three patients in group A showed dysuria and relieved after symptomatic treatment .No respiratory depression occurred in both groups .But compared to group A ,the incidence of the analgesic side effects of group B was significantly lower and patients satisfaction was significantly higher(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The analge‐sic effects of dezocine combined with fentanyl are reliable in HIFU ablation of uterine fibroids with fewer side effects ,and could be worthy to be promoted in clinical use .

Objective:To investigate the relationship between gene polymorphisms of disease-relevant multiple cytokines including TNF-α,IL-6,IL-10,TGF-β1,IFN-γand acute graft versus host disease(aGVHD) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell trans-plantation ( allo-HSCT ) . Methods:32 cases of recipients received allo-HSCT and 36 cases of normal groups in January 2014 to December 2015 were selected as objects of study. We detected genotypes on specific SNP of target genes by polymerase chain reation ( PCR) combined with gene sequencing and observed the occurrence of aGVHD in postoperative recipients. The influence of cytokine gene polymorphisms on prognosis of allo-HSCT patients was analyzed,and the potential relationship between specific SNP mutation of the disease-relevant cytokine genes and severity of aGVHD was discussed. Results:Distribution of cytokines gene polymorphism including TNF-α-308(G/A),IL-6-174(G/C),IL-10-1082(A/G),TGF-β1+915(G/C),IFN-γ(T/A) had no significant differences with incidence of severe aGVHD(P>0. 05). However,the occurrence of severe aGVHD in allo-HSCT recipients with C/T genotype was significantly higher than C/C and T/T in SNP of TGF-β1+869(P<0. 01). Conclusion:Gene polymorphism of TGF-β1+869(C/T) in allo-HSCT patients was closely related to the occurrence of severe aGVHD. The research show allo-HSCT patients with C/T genotype occurred severe aGVHD more frequently, which is an important potential risk factor to induce the incidence of severe aGVHD. Therefore,detecting gene polymorphism of TGF-β1+869 ( C/T ) in allo-HSCT recipients and developing the appropriate therapeutic regimen may be helpful to reduce the incidence of aGVHD.