This paper presents a unit free-form deformation (FFD) method applied to rapid three-dimensioanl (3D) bone reconstruction, which was based on traditional FFD. With the femur as an example, we reconstructed a 3D model of femur from two X-ray images and a standardized model by taking advantage of unit FFD algorithm. The X-ray images and its parameters were taken by C-arm device. Those parameters and X-ray contour are contributed to 3D reconstruction. The out contours of X-ray image and standard model were connected by point matching algorithm. The unit-FFD lattice was built to reconstruct standard model and finally made the contour of X-ray image and standard model exactly the same. Experiments on shape accuracy, robustness and time consuming, carried out by 35 specimen from cadaver, showed that mean error of shape (0. 52 mm) and mean construction time (112 s) were lower than those using traditional method (0.7-2.6 mm, 8-20 min). The method proposed in this paper shows a good prospect in clinical application and related research.
Algorithms ; Femur ; anatomy & histology ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Models, Anatomic ; Radiography

Objective To understand the undergraduate nursing students’ awareness of the basic situation of occupational exposure in Kunming Medical University, and to understand their knowing status of occupational exposure knowledge. Methods We used self- designed questionnaire to investigate 449 undergraduate nursing students in Kunming Medical University to obtain the status of occupational exposure and protection knowledge level of students.Results (1) 449 students were investigated, and 258 of them had been in clinical practice, and occupational exposure occurred in 48.8% of them. (2) Occupational exposure factors included grade, washing hands and wearing gloves;The results showed that:Grade was a risk factor and wearing glove and washing hands were protective factors. (3) There was relevance between accepting the occupational protection education and the occupational exposure. Conclusions A useful measure to reduce the occurrence of occupational exposure is Pre-service training for undergraduates nursing students. Operation should be in strict accordance with operating specifications. Schools and departments should implement occupational protection system, so as to strengthen the related knowledge vocational education,enhance self-protection awarenes,and reduce or minimize the occurrence of occupational exposure.

Objective To investigate the value of spiral CT in diagnosis and its differiential diagnosis of adrenal hyperplasia char-acterized with solitary nodule.Methods 20 cases of adrenal hyperplasia characterized with solitary nodule and 28 adrenal adenomas confirmed by pathology underwent routine CT plain scan and multiphase enhanced CT scan.The density of nodule,capsule and de-gree of enhancement in each period were respectively analyzed and compared with the normal adrenal.The difference of CT value be-fore and after enhancement(△CT value)of the both was compared using pairing t test.Results 20 cases of adrenal hyperplasia nod-ules had no clear boundary with normal adrenal.Of which 1 5 cases showed isodensity,and their degree of enhancement was synchro-nized with normal adrenal;4 cases showed lower density,of which 2 had no enhancement,the other 2 obviously enhanced,but lower than normal adrenal;1 case showed mixed density mass,mainly composed of soft tissue,fat and punctuate calcification could be seen in it.Enhanced △CT values of 20 cases of adrenal hyperplasia nodule and normal adrenal were compared respectively,and there was no significant difference(P >0.05).28 cases of adrenal adenomas presented lower density than that of normal adrenal and had obvi-ous boundary between them.Enhanced △CT values in arterial phase of the lesion and normal adrenal showed significant statistically difference (P <0.05).Conclusion CT performance of adrenal hyperplasia with solitary nodule has specific characteristics,the densi-ty,capsule and enhanced mode will be helpful in differentiating from adrenal cortical adenoma.

Objective To know the effect of pre-hospital emergency care for patients with acute cranio-cerebral injury. Methods Selected 312 patients with acute cranio-cerebral injury from Jan of 2005 to Jan of 2009 as the emergency group, selected 285 patients with acute cranio-cerebral injury from Jan of 2000 to Dec of 2004 as the control group. Retrospective analized the clinical condition between the two groups to know the effect of pre-hosptial emergency cares. Results There was significant difference of dead rate betweent the two groups, the prognosis of the two groups was also different. Conclusions Effective pre-hospital emergency care is very important for patients with acute eranio-cerebral injury, which can avoid certain complications and reduce dead rate.

Aim To investigate the gender differences in electrophysiology and neuroanatomy of myelinated and unmyelinated visceral and baroreceptor afferent neurons(VANs and ABNs) of adult rats.Methods VANs and ABNs were isolated enzymatically and Vagus-nodose slice preparation was also applied in this study.For identification of ABNs,aortic depressor nerve(ADN) was labeled using fluorescent dye.Whole-cell patch technique was used to record action potential(AP).Electronic microscopy was selected for morphological analysis of ADN.Results(1) A-and C-type VANs were identified and significant differences of AP discharge profiles between female and male were not established;(2) except for the traditionally classified A-and C-types,myelinated Ah-type VGNs were also identified with faster conduction velocity,lower firing threshold,and higher neuronal excitability.Importantly,these Ah-types were found in female rats with a similar frequency like A-types but rarely seen in males.(3) Ah-type ABNs were also identified by fluorescence.(4) Morphological data showed that myelinated fiber in ADN was ~25% of total and this result was consistent with our electrophysiological data.(5) Firing frequency of Ah-types(20~40 Hz) was lowered than that of A-types(40~150 Hz,P

Objective To investigate the effect of 17?-estradiol (E2) on the expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) mRNA in the myocardial tissues in rats during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) process, and explore the relationship between HGF mRNA expression and myocardial apoptosis. Methods Using the random number table, 40 male SD rats were divided into 2 groups (20 rats in each group) randomly, ischemia-reperfusion (control) group and E2 treatment group. Myocardial I/R models of rats were duplicated by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery for 20 min then reperfusion for 30 min. The expression of HGF and the apoptosis of myocardiocytes were observed with RT-PCR, TUNEL and flow cytometry. Results At the points of cardiac ischemia for 20 min and reperfusion for 30 min, in the E2 treatment group, the expressions of HGF mRNA were significantly higher than corresponding points of the control group (P

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistance and genotype distribution of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) of staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) isolated from children hospitalized at Pediatric People's Hospital of Zhongjiang County.Methods Seventy-seven strains of S.aureus were collected by nasopharyngeal swabs at the Pediatric Department of People's Hospital of Zhongjiang County from January to December 2015.Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) were identified by cefoxitin disc diffusion and detection of mecA method.The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of antibiotics were determined by E-test method.SCCmec typing on MRSA strains was performed by using multiplex PCR.Results MRSA accounted for 54.5％ (42 strains) strains of 77 strains.All MRSA strains were resistant to Penicillin,and the rates of antibiotic resistance to Cefuroxime,Ceftriaxone,Erythromycin were 78.6％,95.2％ and 97.6％,respectively.The rates of antibiotic resistance of 35 MSSA to Penicillin and Erythromycin were 97.1％ and 62.9％,and they were also sensitive to other antibiotics.In 42 strains of MRSA,SCCmec type Ⅳa was the predominant type (27 strains,64.3 ％),which was followed by type Ⅳ g and Ⅴ (each 5 strains,11.9％),type Ⅳ c and Ⅳh (each 1strain,2.4％).Non-susceptibility rate of SCCmec Ⅳ to cefuroxime was significantly higher than that of other SCCmec types (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions All strains from children hospitalized in People's Hospital of Zhongjiang County are often resistant to Penicillin and Erythromycin.The proportion of MRSA isolated from hospitalized children was high.SCCmec type Ⅳa is the main genotype of MRSA.

Objective:To explore associations of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) with endocrine metabolic characteristics in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Methods:A total of 321 women who were newly diagnosed as PCOS were recruited from two endocrine outpatient clinics.The diagnosis of PCOS was established according to the 2003 Rotterdam consensus criteria.Thyroid function was examined by chemiluminescent immunoassay.Patients who had normal free thyroxine (FT4) were divided into different SCH subgroups according to two thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) cutoffpoints (4.2 and 2.5 mU/L).Endocrine metabolic characteristics in different subgroups were compared and analyzed.Results:In PCOS women with normal FT4,the patients with TSH ≥ 4.2 mU/L had higher prolactin (PRL),luteinizing hormone-to-follicle stimulating hormone ratio,and visceral adipose index (all P<0.05).There were trends toward an increase in triglyceride (P=0.085) and a decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P=0.060) in the patients with TSH ≥ 4.2 mU/L compared with that in the patients with TSH<4.2 mU/L.Also in PCOS women with normal FT4,the patients with TSH ≥ 2.5 mU/L had higher body mass index,PRL,triglyceride,visceral adipose index and lower HDL-C in comparison of that in the patients with TSH<2.5 mU/L (all P<0.05).Conclusion:SCH is associated with more severe endocrine abnormality,dyslipidemia,and visceral obesity in PCOS women.PCOS women with normal FT4 and endocrine metabolic characteristics are more prone to be different between the SCH group and the euthyroid group when setting 2.5 mU/L as a TSH cutoff for SCH,indicating that 2.5 mU/L is a good TSH cutoff for SCH in PCOS women.

Objective To evaluate the role of c-AMP-protein kinase A (cAMP-PKA) on the up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in rats.Methods Forty-eight healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-220 g,aged 2.5-3.0 months,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =12 each)∶ normal control group (group C),ALI group (group ALI),H89 +ALI group (group H + ALI) and H89 group (group H).In group C,normal saline (solvent for LPS) 0.5 ml was injected via the femoral vein and normal saline (solvent for H89) 0.5 ml was injected subcutaneously 2 h later.In group ALI,10 mg/kg LPS 0.5 ml was injected via the femoral vein and normal saline 0.5 ml was injected subcutaneously 2 h later.In group H +ALI,10 mg/kg LPS 0.5 ml was injected via the femoral vein and 5 mg/kg H89 0.5ml was injected subcutaneously 2 h later.In group H,normal saline 0.5 ml was injected via the femoral vein and 5 mg/kg H89 0.5 ml was injected subcutaneously 2 h later.The rats were then sacrificed at 6 h after iv injection of LPS and the lungs were removed for microscopic examination and lung water content.The pathological changes of the lung were scored.The expression of HO-1 and PKA (by Western blot) and HO-1 mRNA (by RT-PCR) was detected.Results Compared with group C,the pathological score and lung water content were significantly increased,and the expression of HO-1,PKA and HO-1 mRNA was up-regulated in groups ALI and H +ALI (P ＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group H (P ＞ 0.05).The pathological score and lung water content were significantly higher,and the expression of HO-1,AP-1 and HO-1 mRNA was significantly lower in group H + ALI than in group ALI (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Activation of signaling pathway c-AMP-PKA is involved in the up-regulation of HO-1 expression during LPS-induced ALI in rats.

Though Runx2 and Osterix are both key transcription factors in the pathway of osteoblast differentiation, whether Runx2 positively regulates Osterix being unknown. It was showed that Runx2 induced the gene expression of Osterix both in the non-osteoblastic cell lines, either pluripotent or differentiated, and in the osteoblastic cell lines. At the same time, the results also indicated that Runx2 up-regulated the activity of the 3.2 kb human Osterix promoter. Further experiments identified a highly conserved and functional Runx2 binding site "AGTGGTT" within the promoter. Thus the results support the hypothesis that Runx2 is involved in the regulation of the Osterix gene expression. Moreover, the transient transfection and dual-luciferase assay showed Osterix up-regulated the activity of the 2.3 kb type Ⅰ collagen promoter in the non-osteoblastic cells, but Runx2 did not. This difference implies that Osterix, the down stream transcription factor of Runx2 during osteoblast differentiation, is needed to stimulate the osteoblast-specific gene expression of type Ⅰ collagen.