After the bilateral phrenic nerves of the dogs were stimulated,the effect of amino-phylline on the function of normal and fatigued diaphragm was observed with the determination of transdiaphragmatic pressure-stmulation frequency curve (Pdi-F).and the analysis of the power spectrum of diaphragmatic electromyogram (DMGdi) at spontaneous breathing.After the administration of 10 and 20 mg/kg of aminophylline ,the PDi pf the normal diaphragm was increased and that of the fatigued diaphragm recovered.The Pdi-F curve of the fatigued diaphragm was shifted to the left,and the central frequency,the medium frequency,and the high/low frequency ratio were markedly increased.It is concluded that aminophylline at the therapeutic dosage can imporve the generation of the strength and enhance the recovery of the fatigued diaphragm.

Objective To study the effect of electromyographie biofeedback on visceralgia hypersensitivity in patients with refractory irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and the relationship between psychological factors and vis-ceral hypersensitivity. Methods Sixty patients with refractory IBS were enrolled in this study and received electro-myographic biofeedback treatment for 4 weeks. The threshold of visceralgia, and scores on the Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAMA) and the Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD) were evaluated before and after treatment. Re-suits Compared with the baseline values, the threshold of visceralgia increased significantly during treatment(P≤ 0101) and the total scores on both the HAMA and HAMD had declined significantly (P≤0.01) by the end of 4, weeks of treatment. The evolution of the index of the threshold of visceralgia was negatively correlated with the evolu-tion of both the HAMA and HAMD scores (r = -0.543, P≤0.01; r = -0.728,P≤0.01). Conclusion Elec-tromyographic biofeedback treatment can elevate the threshold of visceralgia hypersensitivity in patients with refractory IBS. Anxiety and depression might contribute to visceralgia hypersensitivity in IBS.

To investigate the correlation of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene polymorphism and atherosclerotic cerebral infarction (ACI).Methods Polymerase chain reaction-restricted fragments length polymorphism (PCR- RFLP) was used to determine ApoE genotype on 92 cases with ACI (42 cases

Objective To explore the effects of L-carnitine on newborn with hypoxic ischemic myocardial injury.Methods Sixty cases with hypoxic ischemic myocardial injury were divided into two groups,including control group (n =30) receiving fructose sodium diphosphate injection,and experimental group (n =30) receiving both fructose sodium diphosphate and L-carnitine injection for 7 days.The clinical symptoms,changes of heart rates,blood pressure,volume of urine,lactic acid dehydrogenase,creatine kinase,creatine kinase-MB,cardiac troponin Ⅰ and electrocardiogram were investigated before and after treatment.Results Treatment with L-carnitine improved the symptoms of hypoxic ischemic myocardial injury,the total effective rate was 93.3％ (28/30),versus 66.7％ (20/30) in control group,the difference was statistically significant(x2 =6.667,P =0.01).Heart rates of the experimental group were significantly improved after treatment(t =-6.131,P ＜0.01),compared with the control group,there were no significant differences (P ＞ 0.05).Blood pressure and urine volume of experimental group both increased after treatment (P ＜0.05),compared with the control group,the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Creatine kinase and creatine kinase-MB significantly decreased after treatment,compared with the control group (P ＜ 0.05).A downward trend of cardiac troponin Ⅰ was observed in both groups,however,there was no statistically significant difference before and after treatment (P ＞ 0.05).After treatment,electrocardiogram improvement rates were no significantly different between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion L-camitine can contribute to protect hypoxic ischemic myocardial from further injury.

The present study was designed to confirm the use of GM-CSF, made by the Beijing United Biological Engineering Company, in leucocytopenia after chemotherapy in 12 patients with malignant tumor. In patients with malignant tumor the interval leucocytopenia needed shortened 5 days compared with that in control subjects. At the same time GM-CSF could be resistant to infection significantly, especially in patients with complicated infection, and the antibiotic applying time decreased. In addition, clinical experence had shown that there was no obvious side-effects in general dosage. Thus, these findings indicate that GM-CSF is a kind of essential drug in radical chemotherapy in patients with tumor.

ObjectiveTo summarize the intraoperative nursing of patients undergoing aparoscopic adjustable gastric banding placation to reduce weight and improve the efficiency of operative cooperation.Method The clinical data on the intraoperative nursing of 9 patients undergoing laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding placation were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed.Result All patients lived through the successful operations and the postoperative rehabilitation were in good condition without postoperative complications and sequelae.Conclusion Full preoperative operation,familiarity with the operative procedures,close cooperation with surgeons are key to smooth performance of the operation and assurance of patient’s safety.

Objective To investigate the pathological features of airway remodeling and evaluate interventional effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), an important mediator of airway remodeling, in guinea pig asthma model. Methods Guinea pigs were randomly divided into the control group, asthma group, and antibody NGF intervention group (each group had 8 guinea pigs). In the asthma group the animals were sensitized by repeated exposure to aerosolized ovalbumin combined with Al(OH)_3. The thickness of the smooth muscle of intrapulmonary bronchi was measured by image analysis system. The expression of MMP-9 in bronchi and lung tissues were assayed with immunohistochemistry combined with the micro-image analysis system. The levels of MMP-9 mRNA in bronchi and lung tissues were determined by RT-PCR. Results After repeated allergen challenge, obvious infiltration of inflammatory cells and proliferation of goblet cells and smooth muscle were demonstrated in guinea pig bronchi. Expression levels of MMP-9 in the epithelial cells of bronchi were significantly higher in asthmatic animals than those of control group animals. Compared with asthmatic group, there was mild inflammation reaction, and decrease in collagen deposition and expression of MMP-9 in antibody NGF group animals, and they were not significantly higher than that in control group animals. Conclusions Repeated exposure of allergen induced airway inflammation and remodeling. MMP-9 plays an important role in airway remodeling. Antibody NGF intervention could inhibit airway remodeling through inhibition of the expression of MMP-9.

Background and purpose: At present, the treatment of elderly patients with ovarian cancer, espe-cially advanced ovarian cancer, tends to be conservative, and elderly patients often can not receive standard treatment. There are few treatment experiences and research data. This study aimed to investigate the treatment outcome, survival and prognostic factors of elderly patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data for women older than 65 years diagnosed with stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ epithelial ovarian cancer between Apr. 2008 to Dec. 2012 in Chongqing Cancer Hospital. Results: Of the 181 women who met study criteria, 8.8％ received no treatment, 12.7％ underwent surgery alone, 15.5％ received chemotherapy alone, 33.2％ underwent non-standard treatment, 29.8％ underwent standard treatment. Baseline comparison of different treatment methods showed that the proportion of patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases was lower in the standard treatment group. After Correcting the effect of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, the median survival time of standard treatment (48 months) and the median survival time of non-standard treatment (47 months) were significantly longer than that of the other treatment groups (P<0.001). The median survival time of chemotherapy alone (26 months) was significantly longer than that of the surgery alone and untreated group (P<0.001), while the median survival time of surgery alone was similar to untreated group (9 months vs 8 months, P=0.269). Multivariate analysis using Cox model showed that treatment, residual lesion size, cardio-cerebrovascular diseases significantly impacted on survival time. Conclusion: Standard treatment was still the key factor for the best survival of elderly women with advanced ovarian cancer. When this is not offered or possible, chemother-apy alone offers better survival than surgery alone. However, surgery alone does not improve prognosis.

The expressions of estrogen receptor (ER) α,ERβ1,and ERβ2 in thyroid carcinoma,thyroid adenoma,and adjacent normal thyroid tissue were determined by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry,and the relationship of expression levels of three ERs and the main clinical pathologic parameters were evaluated.The result showed that ERα mRNA expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC) tissues was significantly higher than adjacent normal tissue,while,ERβ2 mRNA expression in PTC tissues was significantly lower than normal tissue ( P＜0.05 ).The positive expression of ERβ1 and ERβ2 in the thyroid carcinoma was related with the histological variant of carcinomas; the ERβ2 expressions were related with the lymph node metastasis and TNM staging of the carcinomas.These results suggest that the decreased ERβ2 expression may induce proliferation and carcinogenesis of thyroid follicular epithelial cells as well as progression of the carcinoma,and is a powerful prognostic indicator.

Objective: To investigate the antitumor activities and apoptosis mechanisms of 3,7-dinitrodibenzobromonium salt (cBr) on human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cell line in vitro. Methods: The antitumor activities of cbr were tested by Trypanblau exclusion test, MTF coloretric assay and clonal forming test, and the mechanisms were studied by morphological analysis (microscopy, fluoreseencemicroscopy, electron microscopy) and flow cytometry analysis. Resuits: cBr could inhibit of the proliferation K562 cells and kill them significantly. The effects varied with different time and doses, and IC50 of cell colony forming rate was 0. 497 mmoL/L. Apoptosis rate tested by flow cytometry was 70.34%,and apoptotic characteristics could be found by microscopy and electron microscopy. Conclusion: cBr could inhibit K562 cell proliferation greatly, and could induce K562 cells into apoptosis.