The study on the functions of the diaphragm has been carried on for 5 years.It consisted of the studies on the relationship of the tension and endurance of inspiratory muscles with pulmonary functions,the changes of diaphragmatic electromyogram in maximal ventilation volume test in normal subjects and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),the functional changes of the diaphragm in dogs with RDS and the therapeutic effects of aminophylline.the changes of diaphragmatic electromyogram in dogs with hypoxemia and hy-percapnia,determination of transdiaphragmatic pressure,the relationship of the stimulation frequency on the phrenic nerve with diaphragmtic fatigue,etc.It was found that there existed di-aphragmtic fatigue in dogs with RDS,in dogs with hypoxemia and hypercapnia,and in patients with COPD,and aminophylline,digoxin,salbutomal ?-receptor excitory agents can minimize or prevent diaphragmatic fatigue.

Objective To compare the short term outcome of PPH with Milligan Morgan hameorrhoidectomy. MethodsNinety cases of Ⅲ ? Ⅳ ?degree hemorrhoids admitted for surgical treatment were randomly assigned to PPH ( n =45) or Milligan Morgan( n =45).ResultsThe difference was statistically significant between the two groups in terms of pain index ?operative time?length of hospital stay? time required for returning to normal activity and hospital fee. The above factors were found more favourable in PPH group, with no severe complications developed in neither of the two groups.The symptom improvement rate was 88% in PPH group and 81% in Milligan group.ConclusionPPH is a safe and effective procedure for Ⅲ ? Ⅳ ?hemorrhoids and its shorter term outcome is better than Milligan Morgan procedure.

Objective To investigate the effect of HES 130/0.4 or sodium lactate Ringer's solution injected before operation on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Methods Sixty patients (ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ) undergoing LC were randomly assigned to three groups: patients in group A were injected intravenously with 2 ml/kg sodium lactate Ringer's solution before anesthesia; group B was given 10 ml/kg sodium lactate Ringer's solution; and in group C, the patients were given 10 ml/kg 6% HES 130/0.4. The following data were recorded: blood pressure and heart rate before and after operation, and 0, 5, 10, and 15 min after induction; durations of anesthesia and operation; rate of PONV on the first postoperative day; and the number of cases who were given antiemetics. Results The age, weight, and durations of anesthesia and operation were similar among the 3 groups. The MAP was decreased significantly after induction in the three groups (P0.05). In the group A, 7 patients were given antiemetics that was significantly more than that in the groups B (3/20) and C (1/20). (A vs C, ?2=3.906, P=0.048; B vs C, ?2=0.278, P=0.598) . Conclusions Compared with 2 ml/kg sodium lactate Ringer's solution, 10 ml/kg HES 130/0.4 or 10 ml/kg sodium lactate Ringer's solution injected intravenously before operation may reduce the rate of PONV in patients undergoing LC, and decrease the proportion of those who need antiemetics after operation.

Objective To investigate the changes of Th17 and Th22 cells in patients with Helicobacter pylori(HP)infection . Methods 66 cases of HP infection (HP infection group) and 30 cases of healthy people (control group) were selected .The levels of Th17 and Th22 cells in peripheral blood were measured by flow cytometry and the level of IL-17 and IL-22 in serum were meas-ured by ELISA .Results Comparing with the control group ,the levels of Th17 ,Th22 ,IL-17 and IL-22 were significantly increased in HP infection group(P<0 .05) .The correlation analysis showed that the levels of Th17 ,Th22 ,IL-17 and IL-22 were significantly positive correlated with DPM(P<0 .01) .Conclusion Th17 and Th22 cells were actived in patients with HP infection ,which caused the high expression of immune effector molecules ,and promoted the progress of immune damage .

Objective:To standardize the clinical information of the nose.Methods:Based on the 1034 descriptions on the clinical manifestation of nose in the database of the clinical records of Chinese medicine in the past dynasties,according to the hypothesis of symptomatic unit,the symptomatic units,the second-level clinical characteristics and the limiting factors were summarized in the paper.Results:All the descriptions on the clinical manifestation of nose include 11 symptomatic units,7 second-level clinical characteristics and 1 limiting factor.Conclusion:Comparing with the symptoms in the authoritative works of Chinese medicine,cold-feeling of the nose while breathing was the new fi nding,nares flaring and ozena recorded in the authoritative works were the second-level clinical characteristics of polypnea and rhinorrhoea respectively.Nose diseases,such as nasal eczema,were usually diagnosed by several symptomatic units,so they were not symptomatic units.

Objective To evaluate the effect of immune fluorescence chromatography on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Methods The precision of immune fluorescence chromatography was evaluated with samples of 6.0% and 8.0% fixed value. Group of High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as control, HbA1c for 200 samples of EDTA-K2 anti-coagulated whole blood were detected by immune fluorescence chromatography to synchronous blinded trial. Results As to the precise of immune fluorescence chromatography in the samples of 6% and 8%, values of coefficient of variation were 5.1% and 5.3%, respectively. The linear regression equation of immune fluorescence chromatography and HPLC was Y=-0.110+1.021X and the correlation coefficient was 0.982. 6.0% and 8.0% as the cut-off value, kappa values were 0.950 (P < 0.001) and 0.922 (P < 0.001), respectively. Conclusion Immune fluorescence chromatography and HPLC is consistent with detection of HbA1c, which can be used for clinical detection of HbA1c.

OBJECTIVE: To study the pharmacokinetics of infusion Etimicin in the patients with respiratory tract infec- tions. METHODS: Ten patients were infused with 200mg Etimicin and the concentrations of drug in the plasma, urine and sputurn were determined by microbiological method. RESULTS & CONCLUSlON: The peak concentration of plasma was 17.74?g/ml. The concentration of 0.29?g/ml maintained 12h after administration. Pharmacokinetics parameters conformed to two - compartment model. The pharmacokinetics parameters were, T1/2?= 0. 257h, T1/2? = 2. 22h, Vc = 34. 32L, K2l = 2.14h~(-1), K12 = 0. 48h~(-1), K10 = 0.39h~(-1). The cumulative percentage of renal excretion was 21.37% within 12h, Ke =0. 027h~(-1), K = 0. 431h~(-1). The drug concentration in sputum reached the peak of 2.09?g/ml 2h after infusion.

The peacekeeping area in Sudan belongs to the tropical rain forest climate with heavy rain water and large air humidity. The power supply by diesel engine is unsteady. The peacekeeping persons will be replaced every 8 months because of the demand of peacekeeping mission. Because of the above reasons, the dental instruments are easily damaged. According to the above three characteristics, the dental chair and accessories, dental X-ray system and steam sterilizer are effectively maintained to guarantee dental medical treatments in peacekeeping operation in Sudan.

Objective To Analyze CD4+ cell count which embodies curative effect in HIV and patients with AIDS, who have treated with TCM for half a year. Methods According to CD4+cell count, the patients were divided into 4 phases. Their CD4+cell count were analyzed before and after the treatment. Results 1.Rank sun test showed that CD4+cell count were significantly improved in people who used TCM treatment. On the whole, CD4+cell count was(317.76±175.61) in 1 cu mm before treatment, which was(350.60±175.92) in 1 cu mm after treatment, P<0.01. 2. Ridit showed that patients whose CD4+cell count more than 500 were in phase I. Their R=0.614, and the 95%confidence interval was 0.5702 to 0.6579. Patients whose CD4+cell count more than 350 and less than 500 were in phase II. Their R=0.575, and the 95%confidence interval was 0.5439 to 0.6062. Patients whose CD4+cell count more than 200 and less than 350 were inphase III. Their R=0.460 and the 95%confidence interval was 0.4347 to 0.4849. Patients whose CD4+cell count less than 200 were in phase IV. Their R=0.428, and the 95%confidence interval was 0.3971 to 0.4589. There was no overlap between phase III, phase IV and phase I, phase II in 95% confidence interval. Conclusion TCM has the advantages in strengthening vital qi, but that is worse than western medicine in effort of expelling pathogen.

Objective To evaluate the application of neutrophil CD 64 in diagnosis of sepsis in adult patients.Methods Literature retrieval from PubMed, EMBASE, ISI Web of Knowledge, Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, CQVIP, Wanfang Data from the establishment of database to the year 2015 was conducted to identify all studies on CD 64 in diagnosis of sepsis .The quality of the literature was evaluated with the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies ( QUADAS).Meta-Disc 1.4 and STATA 12.0 were used for meta analysis . Fixed-effects or random-effects model was performed based on the heterogeneity.The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio and diagnostic odds ratio were calculated .Summary receiver operating characteristic curves ( SROC ) and area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of CD 64 for sepsis.Results A total of 24 studies involving 3 198 patients were included for systemic review .The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio and diagnostic odds ratio of CD 64 for diagnosis of sepsis were 0.79 (95 %CI:0.77-0.81), 0.86 (95 %CI:0.84-0.88), 7.40 (95 %CI:5.02-10.91), 0.15 (95 %CI:0.10-0.22) and 60.07 (95%CI: 29.19-123.60), respectively.The area under SROC of CD64 in diagnosis of sepsis was 0.95, and the Q* value was 0.88.Conclusion CD64 can be used to diagnose sepsis in adult patients , but it needs to be further confirmed by large multicenter studies .