Both the lecture based learning mode and problem based learning mode have their advantages and disadvantages in imparting knowledge and cultivating students'ability.Therefore according to the characteristics of clinical education,two kinds of methods should be used together to complement each other in clinical education of surgery so that knowledge can be systematically imparted to students through lecture based learning,and the abilities such as self-study,oral expression,cooperate and innovation can be cultivated through problem based learning to improve the quality of education.

Objective To explore the effects of application of laparoscopic simulators in teaching of plastic surgery. Methods 10 plastic surgeons and 20 standardized training surgical residents with 2 to 4 years' experience were tested about their proficiency in moving beans, pinching, suturing and tying by timing and counting. After they were trained with laparoscopic simulators 3, 6, 9 times with each time for 90 min, tests were taken. SPSS 19.0 was used to make single factor variance analysis of the related data or conduct q test. Result There was significant difference before and after the residents' training of moving beans, pinching, suturing and tying (P<0.05). Less time to finish the operation was needed after training, but after training for 6 times or 9 times, there was no significant difference in operation time (P >0.05). Conclusion Application of laparoscopic simulator training can significantly improve the operation skills of the novices with some clinical experience in the short term, which is conducive to the endoscope assisted breast augmentation surgery, and is worthy of promotion.

"3+2" educational model was performed in our clinical medical college as a reformation based on traditional "4+1" model.After 5 years teaching practice,it obtained some good results as we prospected,however,there still exists some problems.This article analyzes the problems around the aspect of the teachers,the students,the teaching administration and arrangements,and proposes the corresponded measure to improve it.

Japan has accumulated much experience in medical education through a long time exploration.Through some reform measures,such as training talent physicians,reforming education systems,choosing core teaching courses,and establishing comprehensive education system,Japanese medical education has been well promoted,which will be helpful to our country's medical education reforms.

We conducted Chinese-English bilingual education on clinical study of medical students and also discussed related problems.Chinese-English bilingual education has very good results in improving professional English study of medical students.

A new clinical teaching mode of standardized treatment in colorectal cancer for fellows in training is reported here with good results. This one-year program included medical ethics education, humanistic management, pre job training, clinical thinking mode, surgery teaching, and computerized teaching. This new clinical teaching mode with distinct features is effective and introduced in this article.
Colorectal Neoplasms ; Education, Medical, Graduate ; Humans

Objective To scientifically measure the workload of basic public health services project on village level .Methods 257 village doctors and 24 public health administrators that work in rural health clinics in Qianjiang city ,Hubei province and Qianjiang distrcit ,Chongqing city were sampled ,with questionnaire survey and key informant in-depth interview methods used to screen basic public health service projects affordable on village level ,for workload measurement .Results 35 basic public health service projects were chosen as the measurement projects regarding their relative workload. Hypertension follow-up workload 100 was set as the benchmark ,finding the rest relative workload of other projects range from11～936 .Conclusions It is reasonable to use the relative value measurement based on RBRVS theory on village level basic public health service projects. Results of this study can offer support for the pricing and further dynamic modification of the basic public health service projects .

OBJECTIVES: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a growing prevalence of racial and ethnic discrimination occurred when many Americans struggled to maintain healthy lifestyles. This study investigated the associations of racial and ethnic discrimination with changes in exercise and screen time during the pandemic in the United States. METHODS: We included 2,613 adults who self-identified as non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic Asian, or Hispanic from the Health, Ethnicity, and Pandemic study, a cross-sectional survey conducted among a nationally representative sample of United States adults between October and November 2020. We assessed self-reported racial and ethnic discrimination by measuring COVID-19-related racial and ethnic bias and examined its associations with changes in exercise and screen time using multivariable logistic regression models. We analyzed data between September 2021 and March 2022. RESULTS: COVID-19-related racial and ethnic bias was associated with decreased exercise time among non-Hispanic Asian (odds ratio [OR], 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13 to 1.89) and Hispanic people (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.32 to 2.77), and with increased screen time among non-Hispanic Black people (OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.33 to 2.85), adjusting for age, sex, education, marital status, annual household income, insurance, and employment status. CONCLUSIONS Racial and ethnic discrimination may have adversely influenced exercise and screen time changes among racial and ethnic minorities during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Further studies are needed to investigate the mechanisms through which racial and ethnic discrimination can impact lifestyles and to develop potential strategies to address racial and ethnic discrimination as a barrier to healthy lifestyles.