With the wide application of contrast media in modem medicine,contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) has attracted more clinical attention.Renal ischemia and renal tubular toxicity have been considered to be the pathogenesis of CIN.The most promising biomarkers,except for serum creatinine,include neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL),cystatin C (Cys C),kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1),urine N-acetyl beta-D amino glucosidase (NAG) and micro molecular RNA (microRNA).Before use of contrast media for angiography,both the patient's own risk factors and the contrast-associated risk factors should be carefully evaluated.The patient's own risk factors include basic renal function,diabetes,anemia,homocysteine,etc.The contrast-associated risk factors include the osmotic pressure,viscosity,dosage,application frequency of the used contrast agent,etc.At present,hydration therapy is still the main method for CIN,and other therapeutic methods include medication,such as statins,vasodilators,antioxidants,traditional Chinese medicine,etc.,and blood purification therapy.This paper aims to make a brief summary about the research progress in CIN,focusing on its diagnosis,pathogenesis,risk factors and preventive measures.

Objective To retrospectively analyze and summarize the manipulation and skills of the placement of uaso-jejunal feeding tube under DSA guidance. Methods After performing the spraying anesthesia of nasopharynx, the naso-jejunal feeding tube, with the help of guide wire and under DSA guidance, was placed into the proximal jejunum by passing it through the nose, pharynx, esophagus, stomach,pylorus and duodenum in order. The procedure was employed in 441 cases. Results The mean time for performing the procedure was within five minutes. The procedure was successfully accomplished in all 441 cases and no complications occurred in this series. Conclusion Under DSA guidance the placement of nasojejunal feeding tube can be safely and quickly carried out with high successful rate and less sufferings to patient. It is worth popularizing this technique in clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE: The incidence of colorectal carcinomas continues to rise in Korea due to the westernized life style. However, the precise colorectal carcinogenic mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The protein products of oncogenes and cancer suppressor genes play important roles in the carcinogenesis. The effects of the proteins are influenced by post-translational modifications as phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, and ubiquitination. The aberrant sumoylation plays some roles in carcinogenesis. However, the expression pattern of small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO)-2/3 in the colorectal cancer has not been reported. We assessed the expression of SUMO-2/3 and evaluated the expression pattern in colorectal cancer. METHODS: The SUMO-2/3 expression was tested in one normal colon mucosal cell line and 5 colorectal cancer cell lines by Western blot. We collected 322 cases of colorectal cancer operated from January 2000 to December 2010 at Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital. We fabricated the tissue microarray and the expression of SUMO-2/3 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The results were analyzed with clinicopathologic parameters. RESULTS: The SUMO-2/3 was not expressed in the normal colon mucosal cell line. However, it was expressed highly in all the 5 colorectal cancer cell lines as the beta-actin. The SUMO-2/3 was expressed in 68.3% of the colorectal cancers and its expression was correlated with the pathological tumor stage stage (odds ratio, 2.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.10 to 7.55; P=0.031). CONCLUSION: The SUMO-2/3 plays some roles in carcinogenesis and progression of the colorectal cancer.
Acetylation ; Actins ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Line ; Colon ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Immunohistochemistry ; Incidence ; Korea ; Life Style ; Methylation ; Oncogenes ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Proteins ; Sumoylation ; Tissue Array Analysis ; Ubiquitin ; Ubiquitination

Objective To retrospectively analyze the clinical features and prognosis of patients with massive pulmonary hemoptysis.Methods Patients with massive hemoptysis,who received bronchial artery embolization at authors'hospital between 2016 and 2018,were collected for this study.According to the gender,the patients were divided into female group(n=68)and male group(n=195).The primary disease,age at onset,length of hospital stay,bleeding site,embolization agent used,recurrence rate of hemoptysis,and mortality were calculated.SPSS.27.0 software was used to analyze the correlation between the age of onset,length of hospital stay,gender,recurrence of hemoptysis and death.RStudio4.2.2 software was used to make a normogram of patient's recurrent hemoptysis and death.Results The primary diseases in the top three were bacterial infection,bronchiectasis and old pulmonary tuberculosis,the incidences of them in the female group were 50％,22％and 15％respectively and in the male group were 43％,21％and 21％respectively.The mean age at onset in the female group was(54.6±16.8)years and in the male group was(60.1±14.0)years.The proportions of the bleeding site in the left lung,right lung,or both lungs in the female group were 6％,21％and 73％respectively and in the male group were 17％,21％and 62％respectively.The proportions of the used embolization agent of 350-560 μm PVA particles and 300-500 μm microspheres in the female group were 31％and 24％respectively and in the male group were 50％and 17％respectively.In the patients who had recurrent hemoptysis,the primary diseases in the top three were old pulmonary tuberculosis,pulmonary bacterial infection and bronchiectasis,the incidences of them in the female group were 33％,33％and 33％respectively and in the male group were 44％,34％and 10％respectively.The causes of death were much complex,in which pulmonary infection played an important role.Conclusion In patients with massive pulmonary hemoptysis,there are differences in the primary disease,bleeding site,applicable embolization agent,recurrence rate of hemoptysis,and mortality between females and males,in addition,the age is an independent influencing factor for recurrent hemoptysis and death.(J Intervent Radiol,2024,33:636-641)