Objective To establish a polymerase chain reaction method for the detection of the rcp virulence gene of L. pneumophila. Methods Sixteen strains of Legionella pneumophila, L. dumiffii, L. bozemanii and L. Longbeachae isolated from the cooling towers of the centralized air-conditioning systems in Tianjin form 2005 to 2007 were detected by polymerase chain reaction method using L. pneumophila rcp virulence gene-specific primer according to GenBank published nucleotide sequence. Results The 900 bp rcp genetic fragment was amplified in three strains of L. pneumophila, while others not. Conclusion The rcp virulence gene-based polymerase chain reaction method for the detection of L. pneumophila has been successfully established and is the foundation for the studies of Legionella virulence.

Objective To design a set of long bone and bone-mode auto-matching system which is based on computer image processing technology.Methods Through the analysis on clinical pictures and image data,we got the exact data.Based on these data,the system searched out the bone-mode from the bone-mode database which matched with the skeletal.Results It can find a suitable bone-mode which can match with the bone in a very short time.Conclusion The system improves the efficiency of matching,as well as the success rate.It reduces the surgery time and the suffering of patents.

Objective To observe the results of crown lengthening surgery on the teeth with subgingival defect.Methods Crown lengthening surgery was performed on 54 terior teeth,which were divided into two groups based on probing depth of pre-operation:group A (<3 mm) and group B (3-4 mm).All teeth were restored 8 weeks after operation and followed-up to 1 year.The parameters of plaque index (PLI),suleus bleeding index (SBI),maximal defect probing depth (PD) and mobility degree (MD) at different times were measured,respectively.Results PLI,BI and PD were significantly improved during the follow-up period (P<0.01).The success rates of both groups were 96.8% and 69.6%, respectively (P<0.01).No significant difference about MD in the group A one year after restoration (P>0.05),but a significant improvement in the group B (P<0.01).Conclusion Crown lengthening surgery is a good method on the teeth with subgingival defect,but one must select the right indication.

Objective To let students grasp comprehensive applied knowledge and the new development.Methods A special website was set up based on the traditional teaching.Results The special website could provide students with a quick,convenient and modern technology resource library.Conclusion The website can effectively help students consolidate and deepen the study of basic theory and technology of medical imaging equipment,and broaden their knowledge.

Objective To evaluate the role of autophagy on acute kidney injury after liver transplantation.Method Fifty-six healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups:sham group,orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) group,sirolimus pretreated (SRL) group and 3-methyladenine pretreated(3-MA) group.OLT model was established.Then the rats were sacrificed at 6 h after reperfusion.The renal function and the extent of oxidative stress relative proteins malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were observed.The levels of apoptosis relative genes caspase-3 and cyt c and the expression of autophagy relative proteins were detected.The pathological changes were microscopically examined in renal tissues.TUNEL staining was used to observe the apoptosis of tubular epithelial cells.Transmission electron microscopy was applied to observe the ultrastructure changes of tubular epithelial cells.Result As compared with sham group,OLT and 3-MA groups showed a serious renal injury including cellular vacuolization,loss of brush borders,and a significant rise in BUN,Cr and MDA,while a decrease in SOD activity.The levels of caspase-3 mRNA and cyt c rnRNA were increased significantly.Whereas compared to OLT and 3-MA groups,renal function and oxidative stress levels in SRL group ameliorated,and histopathologic damage and apoptosis alleviated after OLT.Simultaneously,the levels of caspase-3 mRNA and cyt c mRNA were decreased.The expression of beclin-1 and LC3-]Ⅱ was effectively upregulated.Conclusion Autophagy could alleviate acute kidney injury after liver transplantation through inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis.

Objective To investigate the differences of four equations to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and their impacts on chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence in communitydwelling elderly people in Beijing.Methods A total of 489 participants aged above 70 years were enrolled.The GFR was estimated using the Cockcroft Gault (CG) equation,Chronic Kidney DiseaseEpidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation,Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation and Berlin Initiative Study (BIS) equation respectively.The internal-consistency check was made on the four equations for the GFR (ml min 1 1.73m 2) estimates.Results The mean age of participants was (81.8±7.6) years.The mean GFR estimated using the CG,CKD-EPI,MDRD and BIS equation was 58.4± 17.2,71.9± 15.3,76.7± 19.1 and 62.7± 12.7,respectively.And the prevalence of CKD was 56.2％,22.7％,17.8％ and 41.7％,respectively.The greatest differences of equations to estimate GFR were seen in elderly people aged 90 and above,and those with body mass index＜ 20.0 kg/m2 or serum creatinine concentration＜ 88.4 μmol/L.Conclusions The GFR estimated using different equations has a large difference which has a significant effect on CKD classification in elderly people.The equation to estimate GFR for the elderly is urgently needed.Until then,the eGFR and CKD classification estimated using different equations should be regarded with caution.

Objective To summarize the progress of research on the influence of nutrition support on quality adjusted life year (QALY) in elderly patients with nutritional risk, and to evaluate the feasibility of QALY as an outcome indicator.Methods Literature in Chinese, English and Japanese relating to the feasibility of QALY and cost-utility in evaluating the influence of nutrition support on the outcomes of patients with nutritional risk published from 1980 to 2013 were searched in Wanfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure,PubMed, Nature databases.The methodological quality of randomized controlled trials was assessed using Jadad scale combined with Schulz allocation concealment, and the quality of cohort studies with Newcastle-Ottawa scale.Results Totally 10 articles were fotnd, in which 8 were selected, including 6 randomized controlled trial and 2 cohort studies, covering 1 130 patients;the other 2 were excluded for not conforming to inclusion criteria.Four of the 6 randomized controlled trial indicate that QALY is higher and all-cost is lower in the treatment group compared with the control group (or cost-utility is higher in the treatment group).The 2 cohort studies indicate that total parenteral nutrition support at home could improve the QALY of malnourished patients and could save cost compared with nutrition support at hospital when necessary.Conclusions Nutrition support for patients with nutritional risk can improve prognosis, reduce cost, and increase QALY.More large-scale, high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate the effect of nutrition support on the QALY of elderly patients with nutritional risk.

As the basis of the health management of the elderly, weight management should receive attention from medical practitioners.However, there is an ongoing debate on the ideal range of body mass index for elderly in China.This article aimed to find the suitable body mass index for Chinese old people by reviewing the literature regarding the body mass and obesity of the elderly.Lots of evidence show that overweight and mild obesity appear to be the optimal weight status for the elderly.

Objective To systematic evaluation the antiepileptic drug valproic acid and topiramate effects on body weight and plasma leptin levels.Methods By searching the Cochrane Library,PubMed,EMBASE,CNKI,VIP Chinese Scientific Journals Database and Articles Database (from building a database to August 1,2014),qualified RCT was chosen from those articles according to inclusion and exclusion criterias and evaluated their quality.Then the meta-analysis was performed by Rev Man 5.3.Results (1) A total of 70 documents retrieved for the evaluation,12 of the literatures could be incorporated into the Meta-analysis,including a total of 634 participants,9 literatures using valproate to treat epilepsy,4 literatures used topiramate.(2)Meta-analysis:compared with other drugs,valproic acid treatment increased body mass index and leptin level in patients with epilepsy,BMI combined MD=0.88(95％ CI:0.45-1.31),leptin level in the combined MD=0.58(95％ CI:0.07-1.09);compared with other drugs,topiramate affect body mass index and leptin level in patients with epilepsy had no statical difference,BMI combined MD=-0.02 (95％ CI:-0.62-0.58),leptin levels in the combined MD =-0.05(95％ CI:-0.31-0.20).Conclusion Antiepileptic drug valproic acid may increase patients' BMI and serum leptin levels,yet topiramate in do not have influence in patients BMI and serum leptin levels;more basic and clinical researches are needed to explore serum leptin levels and the exact therapy mechanisms of antiepileptic drugs for clinicians to select antiepileptic drugs.

Objective To explore the image quality of coronary artery imaging with dual source computed tomography (DSCT) and analyze the coronary artery lesions. Methods Two hundred cases with clinically suspected coronary heart disease, who underwent plain and enhanced DSCT coronary artery imaging without oral Betaloc preparation were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups: the senile group of 126 cases with the average age of (71.3±7.7) years old and the control group of 74 cases with the average age of (50.4±6.2) years old. The clinical characteristics, the average heart rate and breath-holding time for plain and enhanced scan, the average calcium score, the image quality evaluation and the coronary stenosis were compared between the two groups. Results Compared with the control group, the incidences of chest pain or discomfort, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia and old myocardial infarction were significantly higher in the senile group. The average calcium score and the numbers of <50% and ≥50% stenosis were also significantly higher in the senile group than those in the control group (364.9±442.6)points vs. (44.8±106.9)points, 159 vs. 45 branches, 212 vs. 32 branches, respectively, all P<0.01). The average heart rate and breath-holding time of plain and enhanced scan had no significant differences compared with the control group. The proportion of the coronary segments with grade 1 ,grade 2 and grade 3 image quality also had no significant difference compared with the control group (96.5%,2.3% and 1.2% vs. 97.1%, 2.0% and 0.9%, P>0.05). Conclusions DSCT coronary artery imaging in senile patients is noninvasive, safe and simple, and excellent coronary artery image can be obtained without oral Betaloc preparation. It can be used as a routine examination in the clinical diagnosis of coronary heart disease.