Objective Analysing the CT manifestations of the crura of diaphragm space occupying lesions and disucssing the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of lesions.Methods 56 cases of the crura of diaphragm space occupying lesions were observed retrospectively,these lesions were confirmed by clinic and pathology.Results The lesions of crura of diaphragm space followed up:15 cases of spinal metastases;5 cases of spinal tuberculosis;27 cases of lymphadenia;1 case of abdominal aorta false aneurysm;3 cases of azygos vein and semiazygos vein dilatory;1 case of taint caused by esophageal perforation;4 cases of invaded by tumour directly. Conclusion We should recognize the nodes and space of crura of diaphragm correctly,that is helpful to recognize the occupying lesions of crura of diaphragm space properly.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of edaravone combine with clopidogrel on patients with acute cerebral infarction . Methods Eighty cases diagnosed with acute cerebral infarction from February 2014 to February 2015 were randomly divided into observation group and control group with 40 cases in each group.Control group received basic treatment of clopidogrel, observation group received edaravone on the basis of control group.The serum levels of superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) and malondialdehyde ( MDA ) between two groups were compared post-treatment. Results The serum SOD levels in observation group on 7th and 14th day post-treatment [(89.37 ±6.07, 99.14 ±11.24)U/mL]were significantly higher than those in control group [(71.26 ±7.43,80.01 ±12.02)U/mL](P<0.05).The serum MDA levels in observation group on 7th and 14th day post-treatment [(5.23 ±0.81, 3.42 ±0.48)nmol/mL]were significantly higher than those in control group[(7.16 ±1.01,5.24 ±0.71) nmol/mL](P<0.05).Conclusion Edaravone combined with clopidogrel has the exact effect in treatment of patients with acute cerebral infarction.

Objective To introduce experience of using the new AO anterolateral distal tibia locking com-pression plate (LCP) for treatment of Pilon fractures. Methods Between February and August of 2009,8 closed Pi-lon fractures were treated by open reduction and internal fixation. The distal fibula was fixed with a one-third tubular plate or an recontruction plate via a straight incision posterior to the fibular crest. The distal tibia was approched by a straight incision over the ankle joint, and the fracture was stabilized using an anterolateral distal tibia LCP. Regular follow up was made to observe and evaluate the preliminary clinical outcomes. Results Seven of the 8 patients were availabe for follow up for 3 ～ 6 months (average 4.5 months). All incisions obtained primary healing, though one ex-perienced mild superficial inflammation,and none developed deep infections. Based on the Burwell and Charnley radi-ographic criteria,anatomical reduction was obtained in 5 cases,good in 1 ,and fair in 1. Among the 5 cases exceeding 5 months postsurgery,4 were evaluated as excellent and 1 us good according to Tometta' s clinically based criteria for Pilon fractures. Conclusion With good surgical timing,internal fixation with anterolateral LCP for Pilon fractures is reliable and warrants less complications.

Objective To evaluate one-stage arthroscopic reconstruction of anterior crueiate ligament (ACL)and posterior cruciate ligament(PCL)using Achilles tendon-bone allografts. Methods From July 2000 to February 2005.we treated 15 patients(11 males and 4 females)whose ACL and PCL were ruptured at one knee but the eontralateral knee was intact.Their associated meniscus injuries were treated arthroscopically according to established procedures prior to ligament reconstruction.Thirty Achilles tendon-bone allografts were used to reconstruct torn ACL and PCL in 15 knees at one stage.Reconstruction of both ligaments was performed at subacute or chronic phase(>3 to 8 weeks)in 12 casses,and at acute phase in 3 cases(<3 weeks).All knees were graded pre-and postoperatively using the International Knee Documentation Committee(IKDC)and Lysholm scoring systems.At follow-up,functions were evaluated for all patients and compared with those of the contralateral healthy knee. Results All patients were followed up for a minimum of 3 years(mean,38 months).Preoperatively,the IKDC ratings showed all the injured knees were severely abnormal.At final postoperative f0Uow-up,9 knees received a normal rating,5 a nearly normal one and 1 an abnormal one.The differences in Lysholm score were statistically significant (t=15.660,P<0.05)between pre-and postoperative analyses.The most noticeable postoperative complication was a short localized fever coupled with arthroedema in 1 case. Conclusions Achilles tendon-bone allograft offers an alternative for simultaneous arthroseopic reconstruction of ACL and PCL.However,problems inherent in allograft tissues entail further investigation to ensure future application.

BACKGROUND: Phenylketonuria is caused by gene mutation of phenylalanine hydroxylasel (PAH), which is mainly induced by permutation, short segments and insertion of base.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the gene mutation of phenylalanine hydroxylasel in phenylketonuria in Hui nationality.DESIGN: Open study.SETTING: Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA; Capital Pediatrics Institute.PARTICIPANTS: A boy of Hui nationality in China and aged 3.1 years was selected in this study. The boy had intellect hysteresis in his one year and received medical treatment in his three years, while he was diagnosed as cerebral paralysis. After repeatedly inefficient treatment, he was hospitalized in our hospital on December 13, 2004. Iron sesquichloride in urine was strongly positive and concentration of serum phenylalanine was 1 680 μmol/L; therefore, he was diagnosed as the typical phenylketonuria.METHODS: 5 mL venous blood was selected from the boy and his parents, respectively, and anticoagulated with EDTA-Na2. DNA in gene group was extracted by using typical phenol/chloroform method. In addition, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer sequence of extron 7, 6, 11, 3, 12 and 5 of PAH gene was designed based on references. And then, PCR products were detected with 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. 5 μL PCR products were mixed with the same volume of degenerated buffer solution, degenerated at 97 ℃ for 5 minutes, put in iced bath and performed with 80 g/Lnon-degenerated polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. After that, the products were dealt with sliver staining routinely, and single strand DNA banding patterns were analyzed and recorded. ABI377 automatic sequenator (PE Company) was used to detect PCR sequence and purify PCR product in Shanghai Boya Biotechnology Company.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Iron sesquichloride in urine, concentration of serum phenylalanine and mutant gene types of phenylalanine hydroxylase.RESULTS: Extron 7, 6, 11, 3, 12 and 5 of PAH gene were analyzed in the boy and his parents. The results demonstrated that SSCP electrophoresis in extron 6 was different from that in the normal control group. Site of electrophoresis strip of his father was coincident with that of his mother, but different from that of the boy. Sequencing results indicated that point mutation (cytosine replaced by thymine), which was a R176X mutant heterozygote, occurred at the 526th site of cDNA of phenylalanine hydroxylase gene in his parents; however, two chromosomes of the boy had mutation at the same site, which was R176X mutant homozygote.CONCLUSION: Mutation of R176X homozygote of phenylketonurea is firstly reported in Hui nationality in China.

OBJECTIVE To study the therapeutic effect of arytenoid within-shift combining with recurrentlaryngeal nerve (RLN) anastomosis to ansa cervicalis for patients with long-term unilateral vocal cord paralysis (UVCP) . METHODS Twelve patients with traumatic RLNs paralysis were studied. The courses of injury varied from 3 to 22 years. RLN was anastomosed to ansa cervicalis and arytenoid was within-shifted on ipsilateral side in all patients. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated by laryngoscope, strobe-laryngoscope, voice evaluation, voice acoustics parameter analysis, and laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) . RESULTS The voice was improved in all cases after arytenoid within-shift immediately. The mean values of voice acoustics parameters (jitter, shimmer, NNE) were significantly smaller and maximum phonation time (MPT) were significantly longer after operation compared with those of before treatment. Laryngoscope showed that arytenoid was significantly within-shifted. The glottic posterior chink vanished in 9 cases and reduced in 3 cases. The voice resumed normal, obviously improved, improved and no improved were found in 9、 3、0、0 cases respectively 12 months after operation. The mass and tension of all treated vocal cords may become the same as the contralateral normal vocal cords, thus resuming symmetric vibration of the vocal cords. The reinnervation of the RLNs were approved by LEMG in these patients whose RLNs were restored. CONCLUSION Arytenoid within-shift combining with RLN anastomosis to ansa cervical can restored normal voice in patients with long-term UVCP.

Experimental pathology is an important part of life science research associated with animal experiment. Acquisition and fixation of optimum specimen and subsequent section of paraffin embedded tissue and dyeing are key factors playing important role in reliability, authenticity of pathological diagnosis.This paper summarizes the problems encountered in pathological section making of animal experiment and it correspond solutions.

Objective:To study the characteristics of intestinal tract pathological injury of rats in hypobaric hypoxia at different high altitude.Methods:30 male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups:Plain group (n=6),High-altitude (HA) 5000 m for 10 day group(n=6),HA 5000 m for 21day group(n=6),HA 6500 m for 10day group(n=6),HA 6500 m for 21day group (n=6).Rats were raised normally either in plain or simulated high altitude environment,at the corresponding time point,rats were euthanized,small intestines were harvested,fixed tissues were processed routinely into paraffin and sections were stained routinely with hematoxylin and eosin.Morphologic parameters were measured by optical microscope and then the pathological injury score were evaluated.Results:The pathological injury scores ofjejunnm and ileum in the high altitude group were significantly higher than that of the plain group (P＜0.01),the pathological injury scores of jejunum,ileum and colon were significantly higher in the HA 5000 m for 21 day group than that of the HA 5000 m for 10 day group,but significant lower than that of the HA 6500 m for 21 day group,the pathological injury scores of jejunum,ileum and colon were significantly higher in the HA 6500 m for 10 day group than that of the HA 5000 m for 10 day group(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).The pathological injury scores of colon were significantly higher in the groups of the high altitude than the plain group except for the HA 5000 m for 10 day group (P＜0.01,P＜0.05).The pathological injury scores of jejunum had significant different with that of the colon in the HA 5000 m for 21 day group (P＜0.05);the pathological injury scores of both jejunum and ileum had significant different with that of the colon in the HA 6500 m for 21 day group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusions:The injuries of the intestinal mucosa became serious with the with rising altitude and the stayed time,the intestinal injuries were more serious than that of colon at same situation,however there were no significant different between jejunum and ileum,the injuries of colon happened later than intestine,and they correlated with the stay time in the high altitude,which indicated that intestinal injury should be pay more attention in the early time of entering the hypobaric hypoxia environment of the high altitude.

As a renewable energy sources to replace conventional fossil fuels, biodiesel fuels have been becoming increasingly requirements to global fuels market. Biodiesel derived from oil crops cannot realistically satisfy even more fraction of the raw material existing costs and soil competitive demand for its growth. Microalgae appear to be the advantage of costs that is capable of higher photosynthetic efficiency, larger biomass, faster growth compared to those of oil crops. Lipid content of many microalgae is usually 80% of its dry weight. Genetic microalgae with high-oil productivity by genetic manipulations are capable of making microalgal biodiesel economically competitive with petrodiesel through large-scale production of genetic microalgal biomass. As demonstrated here, the use of biodiesel fuels in home and abroad are currently introduced, and the cost advantage of microalgae as the raw material is analyzed; And moreover, the progress of microalgal genetic engineering in regulation of lipid metabolism and the problems in the construct of genetic microalgae strains as well as approaches for making microalgal biodiesel appear to be an important source of renewable fuel that has the potential to completely displace fossil diesel are discussed in this review.
Bioelectric Energy Sources ; trends ; Biotechnology ; methods ; Eukaryota ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Fatty Acids ; analysis ; Gasoline ; Lipids ; analysis

Objective:To compare the efficacy of radial forearm flap and anterolateral thigh flap in repairing soft tissue defects after oral cancer surgery and to explore their indications.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of patients with oral cancer treated at the Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, from May 2019 to February 2023. Patients were divided into two groups based on the repair method: the radial forearm flap group and the anterolateral thigh flap group. The groups were compared in the following aspects. (1) Surgical parameters including defect area after oral cancer resection, flap area, flap preparation time, operation time, and length of hospital stay. (2) Inflammatory markers (interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels) measured 1 day before surgery and 1 day after surgery. (3) Flap survival rate was calculated. (4) Complication rates was calculated in the flap donor area and infection rates in the oral recipient area within 6 months postoperatively. (5) Six months postoperatively, the patient’s oral function was assessed by a physician using the University of Washington quality of life scale (UW-QOL). The evaluation included assessments of oral opening, speech, and eating functions. Each parameter was scored on a scale of 0 to 10 (higher scores indicated better recovery). (6) Quality of life was assessed using the 36-item short form health survey scale(SF-36) at 2, 4 and 6 months postoperatively, with scores ranging from 0 to 100 (higher scores indicated better quality of life). (7) Patient satisfaction was assessed at 6 months postoperatively, with satisfaction levels categorized as satisfied, basically satisfied, and dissatisfied. The satisfaction rate was calculated as (satisfied + basically satisfied ) cases / total cases in each group × 100%. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0. Measurement data were expressed as Mean±SD, and comparisons between groups were conducted using t-tests. Count data were expressed as cases and (or) percentages, and comparisons were made using chi-square test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:The radial forearm flap group included 48 cases (32 males, 16 females), aged (49.3±5.0) years, with a body mass index (BMI) of (23.0±1.1) kg/m 2 and a disease course of (6.5±2.1) months. The group had 21 cases of tongue cancer, 12 of floor of mouth cancer, and 15 of buccal cancer, including 40 squamous cell carcinomas and 8 basal cell carcinomas. The anterolateral thigh flap group included 32 cases (20 males, 12 females), aged (50.1±5.0) years, with a BMI of (23.0±1.0) kg/m 2 and a disease course of (7.0±2.2) months. The group had 16 cases of tongue cancer, 7 cases of floor of mouth cancer, and 9 cases of buccal cancer, including 27 squamous cell carcinomas and 5 basal cell carcinomas. There were no significant differences in gender, age, BMI, disease course, tumor location, or pathological type between the two groups ( P>0.05). The defect area after oral cancer resection was smaller in the radial forearm flap group[ (39.0±1.3) cm 2 ] compared to the anterolateral thigh flap group[ (40.3±2.2) cm 2] ( t=3.32, P=0.001). There were no significant differences in flap area, flap preparation time, or length of hospital stay between the two groups ( P>0.05). The operation time was shorter in the radial forearm flap group [(5.1±1.1) h] compared to the anterolateral thigh flap group [(6.8±2.8) h] ( t=0.26, P<0.001). There were no significant differences in interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels between the two groups 1 day before surgery and 1 day after surgery ( P>0.05). The flap survival rates were 97.9% (47/48) in the radial forearm flap group and 93.8% (30/32) in the anterolateral thigh flap group, with no significant difference( P>0.05). Postoperative donor site complications mainly included infection, pigmentation, itching, etc. The overall incidence of complications in the donor site of the radial forearm flap [33.3% (16/48)] was higher than that in the anterolateral thigh flap group [12.5% (4/32)], and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=4.44, P=0.035). There was no significant difference in infection rates in the oral recipient area between the two groups ( P>0.05). Six months postoperatively, the average scores for oral opening, speech, and eating functions were above 7 in both groups, with no significant differences ( P>0.05). Quality of life scores improved over time in both groups, with average scores above 90 at 6 months postoperatively, and no significant differences at any time point ( P>0.05). The patient satisfaction rate was 91.7% (44/48) in the radial forearm flap group and 90.6% (29/32) in the anterolateral thigh flap group, with no significant difference ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Both radial forearm flap and anterolateral thigh flap can effectively repair soft tissue defects after oral cancer resection, significantly improving patients’oral function. The anterolateral thigh flap provides sufficient tissue volume and is suitable for patients with larger defect areas. The radial forearm flap is suitable for patients with a smaller defect area after oral cancer resection. Its surgical procedure is relatively less complex and offers an advantage in reducing surgery time. However, the donor site complications are higher with the radial forearm flap compared to the anterolateral thigh flap.